1. Author:

Yu Hua, a native of Haiyan, Zhejiang Province, 1960 was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, and later moved to Haiyan County with his parents. After graduating from high school, Yu Hua became a dentist because her parents were doctors. After five years, he gave up medicine and joined the county cultural center and Jiaxing Federation of Literary and Art Circles. Since then, he has formed an indissoluble bond with his own creation. Yu Hua studied in a postgraduate class jointly organized by Lu Xun College of Literature in Beijing and Chinese Department of Beijing Normal University. Yu Hua began to publish novels on 1984. He is a representative figure of avant-garde novels with the same fame as Ye and Su Tong. He is the author of a collection of short stories: Going Out at Eighteen, Things in Smoke, Novels, Living, Shouting in the Drizzle and Trembling.

Since Yu Hua published his debut novel "Going Out at Eighteen", he has caused a lot of shock and concern in the literary world and readers with his highly experimental works, and he has thus become a representative of China's avant-garde novels.

In fact, Yu Hua is not a prolific writer. His works, including short stories, novellas and novels, add up to no more than 800,000 words. He is famous for his exquisiteness. Most of his works are true and hard-written. Pure and meticulous narration breaks the daily language order, organizes a self-sufficient discourse system, and on this basis, constructs a strange, grotesque, secret and cruel text world and a text truth independent of the outside world. Yu Hua once said to himself: "I feel that all my creations are trying to be closer to reality. This truth of mine is not the truth in life. I think life is actually unreal, and life is a mixture of truth and falsehood. "

2. The protagonist and relationship:

Xu Sanguan: The protagonist runs through the whole story. From the beginning of the story, he learned how to make money by selling blood with his fellow villagers. In his later years, whenever something happened at home, he would "return to his old job"-selling blood to help his relatives and himself tide over the difficulties. This way has almost become his magic weapon to overcome all difficulties. As the main character portrayed by the author in this novel, he has the characteristics of a typical China man: he scolds his wife and beats his son at ordinary times, but he always acts as the pillar of the family in times of crisis, showing the warmth of his father and husband from time to time. The naivety in his human nature has been submerged in the tragic consciousness of ignorance. In fact, he was not alone, as can be seen from his simple and abnormal name: he represented many people in China at that time.

Xu Yulan: Xu Sanguan's wife, who was called "the beauty of fried dough sticks" when she was young, was a housewife who could be seen everywhere at that time. She didn't have much knowledge, but she was thrifty and careful, which helped her family survive the disaster for three years.

Xu: Xu Sanguan's eldest son is also the favorite of Xu Sanguan's three sons. But because he looks different from Xu, people call him his son. Therefore, from the moment when children are concentrated in gossip, it is doomed that life will not be smooth sailing.

Ho: Xu Yulan's first boyfriend had sex with her after she got married in Xu Yulan, which became the evidence that the world recognized Yi Le as Xiao Yong's son, and it was also the source of discord between Xu He and his two families.

3. the plot:

This novel is mainly based on Xu Sanguan's ten blood sales, which runs through the whole story. The first time: out of curiosity, I sold blood with Genlong and Afang in the same village. After buying it, I got married with this first "blood money"; The second time: In order to smash Fang Blacksmith's son's head with stones, the blacksmith led many generals to "rob" Xu Sanguan's house and buy blood to redeem his business and goods for many years; The third time: in order to "repay" Lin Fenfang, a female worker in the same factory, she sold blood for money to buy supplements to treat diseases; The fourth time: it was the Great Leap Forward era, and people lived a turbulent and hungry life. Their family drank corn porridge for 57 days. In order to give the whole family a good meal, he decided to sell blood again. This time, the whole family, including Le Yi, can eat delicious noodles. The fifth time: In order to let Er Le, who jumped the queue in the countryside, return to the city to enjoy happiness as soon as possible, he had to sell blood to treat diseases. This time selling blood, he saw the death of Genlong, and he realized his inner sadness and fear. But he still wants to sell blood. Blood is his life, but there is something more precious than life: love. He loves each of his sons, which is his bright spot. Sixth to tenth times: These five times are the climax of the whole novel. In order to raise medical expenses for Yile, who was treated in Shanghai, Xu Sanguan went forward while selling blood. On the way, he experienced the first time in his life and almost died of selling blood.

4. Artistic features:

In this paper, the author pays attention to the daily life of ordinary people with a primitive calmness, pays attention to the hardships and sufferings of ordinary people's lives, reveals a very strong feeling of compassion from calmness, and gives people a strong impact in the deepest part of readers' hearts. In addition, the author's monologues do not often appear, but are replaced by a large number of dialogues. Characters regain their subjectivity in the text, express themselves freely, and are completely independent of the narrator, who fades out of the text and becomes a bystander.

In fact, what impressed me most was the irrationality of this novel. The beginning of the novel is strongly irrational. Farmers depend on land for their livelihood, but the land no longer provides them with psychological and practical guarantee of adequate food and clothing, thus making whether they can "sell blood" a standard for measuring their health and even getting married and having children. Xu Sanguan's marriage was not in the conceptual plan, but after getting the money, he had a whim and took a strange way of proposing marriage-inviting a stranger Xu Yulan to dinner. After dinner, he calculated that the total amount of money given to Xu Yulan was "eighty-three cents", and then naturally asked "When will you marry me?" Yulan's father agreed to this marriage for two reasons: first, Xu Sanguan is richer than Xiao Yong; Second, both sides are surnamed Xu, and the woman's incense can continue. Xu's father completely ignored his daughter's subjective wishes, but this irrational way was just a traditional routine of China, and no one would doubt the truth of the plot. As for all kinds of political movements, this absurdity and irrationality can be seen everywhere: 1958, a small blast furnace was built in steelmaking and silk factory, and useless steel slag was shown off as "victory"; Personal cooking utensils and meals were taken away, people crowded into the canteen, the stage became the kitchen, and the monk changed his master; The hungry family cooked a spiritual meal with their mouths, but the children ate something sweet but couldn't remember the taste of sugar. ...

In fact, it is these seemingly irrational elements that make the characters flesh and blood and gradually plump up; The work has achieved a seemingly realistic effect; At the same time, it also enables readers to interpret the text in a traditional way, thus increasing the readability of the text.

5. Thematic significance:

The theme significance revealed by the author only through the ordinary fate of a few little people gave me endless feelings. It expresses the true side of human nature, simplicity and ignorance, and also expresses the noble and little-known other side of human nature. In the meantime, it is filled with the warmth of human stocks, and it also makes people feel chilly. Extend the meaning of tragedy to a kind of pain, and extend the pain to a lofty realm. First of all, "selling blood can earn 35 yuan at a time, and working in the field for half a year can earn that much." -Farmers' labor has been devalued to such an extent, which is why in the traditional patriarchal clan system, consanguinity has become a symbol of a family, but in rural areas where the patriarchal clan system is more serious, it has been completely ignored, regarded as a commodity and a means to enable families to tide over the difficulties, thus inevitably ignoring the image and spirit it symbolizes, which makes us feel how incredible and thought-provoking. What is even more ridiculous is that only one or two slogans of a certain person reveal the great changes of the times, and looking at the Cultural Revolution from the unique perspective of Xu Sanguan's folk experience, he even said in one sentence: "What is the Cultural Revolution? In fact, it is time to report personal revenge. " What an extraordinary voice this is from an ordinary person! ! Why do a few people who work hard to support their families always have to sell their blood to make a living when they need help most?

In the family, as a small person like Xu Sanguan, faced with a life full of contradictions, how should he choose to fight with him and abandon his son-having an affair with other women, in order to get back at Xu Yulan for ignoring his son's future and cherishing his life.

I believe that the society described by the author is not so pleasing, but there are so many lovely people living in this society.