1. treaty of nanking was signed in the First Opium War (1840- 1842).

2. Sanyuanli Kangying (184 1 May)

3. The Tianjin Treaty and the Beijing Treaty were signed during the Second Opium War (1856.10-1860).

4. Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement (185 1- 1864)

Economy:

1. The natural economy began to collapse.

2. Westernization Movement

3. National capitalism began to rise.

Ideological culture:

1. See the world.

2. Westernization "Learning is the body, and Western learning is used"

3. The bourgeoisie (early reform, the founding of the Constitution)

4. Peasant class: ("China's Land System" and "Senior Minister's New Chapter" in the Westernization Movement)