I. Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement
1. Background
After the Opium War, China began to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. With the help of a series of unequal treaties such as treaty of nanking, the intensification of ethnic contradictions has promoted the intensification of domestic class contradictions. The peasants were hungry and cold, and they rose up in succession. At the end of Daoguang 30 years, a large-scale peasant uprising led by Hong Xiuquan broke out in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
system program
(1) "celestial system"
Principle: All fields are cultivated and all people work together. Content: Abolish the feudal landlord class land ownership and distribute the land equally according to population and age. Significance: The revolutionary program of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom highlights the strong desire of the peasant class to abolish feudal land ownership, but it is just a fantasy and cannot be realized.
② "A New Chapter for Senior Ministers"
Content: Learn from the West and carry out economic, political and cultural reforms. Evaluation: The reform plan with capitalist color first put forward by China people conforms to the law and trend of social development, but it does not involve the land problem of farmers, can not arouse their enthusiasm and can not be really implemented.
result
Due to command errors, serious internal corruption and the limitations of the peasant class itself, Tianjing fell, marking the failure of the peasant war in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
Second, the Westernization Movement
1. Background
After the failure of two Opium Wars and the blow of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the internal and external diplomacy of the Qing Dynasty was struggling. In order to relieve domestic troubles and foreign invasion, realize the prosperity of Qiang Bing and safeguard the rule of the Qing Dynasty, we began to learn western culture and advanced technology.
Objective: To "learn from foreigners for self-improvement" and maintain the feudal rule of the Qing government.
Representative: Central Committee: Games? . Venue: Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Zuo and Zhang Zhidong
4. Guiding ideology: use Chinese style in the west. Middle school is the body and western learning is the use.
5. Slogan: "self-improvement" in the early stage and "seeking wealth" in the later stage.
Good teachers, good courses and good service.