Source of works
From To Restaurant, it is a seven-character ancient poem by Li He, a poet in the Tang Dynasty.
This poem is a song to persuade wine and express one's will. Through the narration of two ancient stories, Zhu and Ma Zhouliao, the poet's grief and anger after persecution were expressed, and Lingyun's intention of not changing despite setbacks was expressed. The whole poem is mainly lyrical, adopting the way of dialogue between subject and object, with plot, novel language, bold poetry, full of sound and emotion and unique style.
original work
Zhi wine shop
Author: Tang Lihe
I am a poor and pitiful wanderer, just to drink all my sorrows and joys. I wish you good health, wine owner.
That year, my father went to the west and spent money in a foreign land. The broken willow at the door of my house disappeared.
Well, I heard that when Ma Zhou was a guest in Sanfeng, it was old and deserted.
A few short lines won the favor of the emperor.
I have lost my soul and can't call it back. A rooster, the world is bright.
Young people should have ambition, who will pity you alone and sigh?
Sentence annotation
(1) Toast: to persuade wine. Line: a genre of Yuefu poetry.
⑵ Scattering: It originally refers to the withering of vegetation, and it is extended to embarrassment and depression. Stagnation: To stay or linger.
(3) Shā ng: Raise your glass, raise your glass. Here's to health.
(4) Father: that is, father Yan, a native of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. "Hanshu" records: When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, "My father went to see General Wei, and General Wei said a few words, but he was unconscious. If the capital is scarce and stays for a long time, princes and guests will hate it. " Later, Zhufuyan's petition was finally accepted and became a doctor.
[5] Ma Zhou: Emperor Taizong is a local. "Old Tang Book" records: "Ma Zhou went west to Chang 'an and lived in Xinfeng. The owner of the anti-trip is only a vendor, ignoring them. Zhou Sui ordered a barrel of eight liters of wine to drink alone. Masters are very different. In the capital, surprisingly, in the home of the corps commander. In the fifth year of Zhenguan (63 1), Emperor Taizong ordered Liao Bai to write about gains and losses. Why didn't military officials set foot in Confucian classics? Zhou told Chen Lai that it was cheaper, so it was all for his purpose. Taizong blamed him for his incompetence, asked him why, and said to him,' This is beyond my power, and the guests at home are surrounded by grass. Emperor Taizong summoned him today, and before he arrived, he sent four envoys to urge him. And the language is very pleasant, so the value of the door is saved. Six years of supervision and advice. "
[6] Note: Note paper, here refers to the memorial.
(7) Long Yan: The face of the emperor. Manner: refers to the kindness that is appreciated and reused.
Enchanted: a metaphor for being upset and having nowhere to go.
Take the cloud as an example: hold high into the cloud.
⑽ er (è): lament.
Translation of works
I am down and out, wandering, down and out, and I can only drown my sorrows by drinking. My host advised me with wine and wished me good health.
At that time, my father strictly entered the west and was stranded in a foreign land due to financial difficulties. His house missed, and the willow tree in front of him was interrupted.
Hey, I heard that when Ma lived in Xinfeng, Eternal Life was ignored and left out for a long time.
They all spoke directly to the emperor with a few lines on the paper, which won the emperor's favor.
I have a lost soul, I can't get it back, but I firmly believe that the world will be bright when the rooster crows.
Young people should have lofty aspirations in their hearts. Who will pity you for sighing alone?
Creation background
This poem is believed to have been written in the winter of Tang Xianzong Yuan and four years (809) from the solstice. In the early years of Yuanhe, with the enthusiasm of young people who had just entered the society, Li He planned to meet the imperial examination of Jinshi hopefully, but he was deprived of the qualification to take the exam on the grounds of avoiding his father's "Jin Su". After the imperial examination was blocked, Li He was trapped in Chang 'an and wrote this poem.
works appreciation
This poem can be divided into three layers. From the beginning to "Liu before breaking the door", the first layer is to write the scene of persuading wine. First of all, it is always said that "going out late" and "a glass of wine" are linked together, which slightly shows the meaning of solving worries with wine. Not from the host's toast, but from the guests' enthusiasm for wine, which highlights the guests' bitterness and anger, and makes the poem have the characteristics of "mighty gratitude" (Liu Yu) at the beginning. Then, the poetic scene changed from "a glass of wine" to a scene where the host persuaded him with wine. He first wished the guests good health. There are rich subtext in "Entertaining for a Longevity": Worry can hurt your health and you will be short-lived, while "staying in the green hills is not afraid of burning without firewood". Seven calligraphy and painting "Long Life for Host and Guest" show the images of two people, one is a poor guest and the other is a kind host. Then, it seems that we should continue to write the host's speech. But the poem is written here, and the last two sentences are interspersed, and then the meaning of "staying late" is applied, which means graceful and restrained. "My Father's Journey to the West" tells the story of my father Yan in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Father Yan went to Kansai, depressed and frustrated, lacking resources, and was repeatedly looked down upon. Compared with himself, the author has infinite bitterness. The ancients often said goodbye to willow trees. "Liu before the door breaks", through the yearning for home, wrote the poet's long-term suffering in a foreign land, from the opposite side.
"I heard that Ma Zhou was a new guest before" to "Long Yan please have mercy" is the second floor, toasting the host. The word "I smell" is a sign of dialogue; At the same time, it is separated from the upper paragraph by rhyming changes. These words enlightened by the master are very meaningful. He grasped the psychology of the eager teenager, and even seemed to see through the poet's mind of drawing lessons from the past and hurting himself. He pertinently told the story of another ancient adventure: Ma Zhou, a famous minister in the early Tang Dynasty, was insulted by local officials when he was young and stayed in Xinfeng on his way to Chang 'an. The pickpocket treats him worse than a peddler. Its situation is even worse than that of Zhufuyan. In order to emphasize this point, the poem uses the strange and exaggerated language of "the eternal wasteland is old and unknown", and the sadness of "the eternal wasteland is old" is unreasonable and extremely enjoyable. Ma Zhou was in such a difficult situation, but his fortune changed in the future. Because his master and corps commander often wrote new notes, Taizong was very happy and he was promoted to a special position. "An empty general writes two lines and asks for forgiveness if he is guilty." That's what he said. So much for the master. He just mentioned the past without any effort. He said that Ma Zhou was appreciated by the emperor only by his "two lines", which seemed to imply that the political outlet was not unique, and the capsule cone would come out one day, so the imperial examination was pessimistic! In fact, Ma Zhou was only discovered by Emperor Taizong by accident, but it seems to be encouraging teenagers to dare to make progress and create conditions for success by saying that they are "seeking kindness by committing crimes directly" and recommending themselves voluntarily.
"I'm fascinated, I can't confess" is the third layer, and I will end with my heart. "Listening to your words is better than studying for ten years", and the master's enlightenment has enlightened me, the fascinated person. Using his own symbolic technique, the author writes that the master's enlightenment has a miraculous effect with "the cock crows all over the world", which makes the poet's mind suddenly enlightened. The first "Cockcrow" was a blockbuster, and the sight of "all the world is white" aroused the poet's lofty sentiments, so the last two sentences wrote: How can a teenager be devastated if he wants to reach the top! Always sigh, no one will come to pity. The word "sitting in the cold and whispering" is also unique in language, which vividly depicts the poet's own bitter state of "smoking and learning to sing Chu songs, and being terminally ill will harm you" The phrase "who reads" is also a criticism of the poet's past. The last two sentences are full of emotion, which makes the whole poem have positive ideological color.
The whole poem is mainly lyrical, but it adopts the way of dialogue between subject and object instead of direct narration. The poem involves two ancient stories, but they belong to the host and the guest respectively. Mao quoted Mao in Li Changji's Selected Songs and Poems: "My father and Ma Zhou wrote two stories, both of which were quoted and discussed in detail." It is also because of its plot and interest. In addition, when poetry is casting words, making sentences and creating new artistic conception, it often avoids familiar ones, such as "falling flowers and staying late", "eternal life", "sitting in the cold and whispering", especially "cock crow". All these have played a positive role in the expression of poetic emotion.
Famous comments
Liu Chenweng in Song Dynasty: Dreaming again (under the sentence "I am fascinated"). A wine drinker who is so grateful that his words are unknowable and really wants to be moved. Finally, it becomes generous and makes people dance. (Notes on Li Changji's Poems and Songs)
Huang Chunyao in Ming Dynasty: There is no sculpture at all, and truth is the highest. It is here that congratulations are out of reach. Li Jian: There are few such heavy jobs in Changji. ("Li Changji Collection")
Mao at the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty: "To the Restaurant", the father and the guest narrate each other, both quoted, and the guest is detailed. Who says long luck is no deeper than long law? ("Poetry Debate")
Shi Chengyu in Qing Dynasty: It's especially wonderful that a drop of ink doesn't make a rich word. This is also a different poem made by Long Claw. Feelings meet, and the knot is very embarrassing. ("Little Samadhi Collection of Tang Xian")
Fang Shiju in Qing Dynasty: "A teenager's heart should ride on a cloud", just cut off the knot after a long kiss; I can't stop reading. (Notes on Li Changji's Poems)
Li Jian in Qing Dynasty: Chang Ji seldom wrote such a heavy work. ("Li Erqiao's comments on Li Changji's collection")
Modern Qian Zhongshu: Chang Ji's poems are just a glorious legacy, not a saying of "climbing trees and looking into the distance". When my father didn't come home, my family sent willow leaves frequently, making the branches bald. The words in Jewish white poems are "acacia" and "broken branches", while the words in Dongye poems are "tired climbing" but "soft strips are not hanging down", and "old" and "branches" are "sparse". Taibai and Changji said that they were "cut off" because of sending long-distance frequency, while Xiangshan, Shaoye and Yu said that they were "cut off" or even cut off their roots because of many gifts; Manjusri and the same thing. Gai sent a farewell gift to Liu, and suddenly "Liu Jie" reunited. The wanderer took a ride and blamed others, so he returned it, so he hurried back. Willow leaves are sent in the garden, which is comparable to singing "a exhausted love is slowly returned". Pedestrians belong to pedestrians, and the situation is different from one to another. Therefore, farewell and urging return have different functions. The advantages and disadvantages of the same thing are complementary. The more you do, the more you stick to the thing of "sending plum", which has become a classic poem over time. Because of Changji's poems, it is against the cloud to talk about the ancient custom of "sending willow". (Talking about Art)
Brief introduction of the author
Li He (790 ~ 8 16) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word Changji was born in Fuchang (now Yiyang West, Henan Province). In the Tang Dynasty, when the royal family married far away, the family background had already declined, life was difficult and the official career was destroyed. Zeng Guan served Li Lang. To avoid family secrets, I was forced not to take the Jinshi exam. Writing poems in his early years was known to Han Yu and Huang Fushi, and he befriended Shen Yazhi. He died at the age of 27. His poems are longer than Yuefu, and show more political dissatisfaction. He is good at casting words, galloping imagination, using myths and legends to create novel and magnificent poetic scenes, which is unique in the history of poetry. Yan Yu's Cang Lang Shi Hua is called "Li Changji Style". Some works are gloomy and the language is too elaborate. He was called "Shi Gui" by later generations. His poems are called "the words of ghosts and gods" or "Li Changji style". His works include Long Valley Collection.