The first railway in China was built by the British in Shanghai. It was built in the name of British Road Company. It was 12 km long, but it was quickly demolished. The first railway in practical sense is from Tangshan to Xugezhuang. The first railway built in China started in Tangshan and ended in Xugezhuang (now Fengnan District, Hebei Province). It is 9.7 kilometers long. Now it is a section of the Beijing-Shenyang Railway. Commencement in May 188 1, Completion in October 165438. The gauge is 1435 mm, and the rail weight per meter is 15 kg. After the completion of the Tang-Xu Railway, the Qing government used locomotives to drive earthquakes. So it is called "carriage railway" by the world. It was not until 1882 that locomotive traction was used. This railway was beneficial to the coal transportation in Kaiping Coal Mine at that time. 1887, Tangxu Railway extended to Lutai, 1888, and was built to Tianjin, with a total length of 130 km. It was named "Jin-Tang Railway".

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Construction reason

Tang Xu Railway 1 mule-horse car

From 874 to 1875, Li Hongzhang, governor of Zhili and minister of Beiyang, sent people to Cizhou in Zhili and Xingguo in Hubei to explore mineral deposits. 10, he sent Tang to Tangshan Kaiping to inspect and found rich coal, so he opened the coal mine first. 0878888888 In order to transport the coal from the mining area to the nearest Haikou for shipment, 1879, Tang requested Li Hongzhang to allow the Mining Bureau to build a coal transportation railway from Tangshan to Beitangkou. Li Hongzhang is very interested in building railways. As early as 1874, he wrote "coastal defense reduction" by the Qing court, arguing that "the seven provinces of the northern and southern oceans can only be United." "There are trains and railways in the mainland, and there are garrisons nearby. When you hear the police's help, you can walk hundreds of miles a day without delaying the commander-in-chief." Unfortunately, he claimed, "At that time, all the essays smiled at each other, and the courtiers' meeting was noncommittal. "

The initial stage of preparation

After receiving a phone call from Tang, Li Hongzhang keenly felt that this was a good opportunity to realize his road construction plan, so he immediately went to the imperial court and asked to build a railway to transport coal. The Qing government also knew that China's mechanical ships mainly transported coal, so it quickly approved Kaiping Mining Bureau to build its own railway. Li Hongzhang hired Kaiping Mining Bureau engineer and Englishman Jinda to supervise the restoration. Who knows, just as he was preparing, he suddenly ordered it back, and the road construction plan was aborted again. Railway. Kaiping Mining Bureau had to dig canals to transport coal. But the canal can only be dug to Xugezhuang, because the road from Xugezhuang to the mining area is steep and the river can't get up. The Mining Bureau once again invited the construction of railways, this time only a short section between Xugezhuang and Tangshan was built. Because the Qing court was afraid of disturbing the ancestors of Dongling, it was forbidden to use locomotives, so it was specially stated that after the road was completed, the trains were pulled by mules and horses. Only the Qing government approved this invitation.

structure chart

When building a railway, the first problem is to determine the gauge. In order to save money, some people advocate using 2 feet 5 inches, while others advocate using Japanese 3 feet 6 inches. However, British engineer Jin Dali insisted on using the standard gauge of 4 feet, 8 inches and a half (1.435 meters). He believes that this mine railway will definitely become a part of China's huge railway system in the future. If narrow gauge is adopted now, it will save money, but it will have a bad influence on future road construction. After some arguments, Jinda's idea prevailed. Jinda insisted on adopting British standards, which naturally laid the foundation for Britain to compete with other countries for road construction rights in China in the future.

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Start construction

1 Tang Xu railway coal train

On June 9th, 88 1, the first railway in China-Tangshan-Xugezhuang railway finally started construction after hardships. On July 6th, 1 year, Ying Bu, the chief engineer of Kaiping Mining Bureau, nailed 1 spike in Tangshan, and the project was completed in June/year. The total length of Tang Xu railway is 65,438 kilometers. * * * Cost165438+200,000 yuan. Because this section of railway uses mules and horses to pull wagons, it is called "carriage railway" by the world. The Tangshan-Xugezhuang Railway, which started in 2008+08865,438+0, was a real success. As the first railway put into practical use, it was preserved, thus opening the curtain for China to build its own railway.

Standard gauge railway

Tangxu Railway, the earliest standard gauge railway in China, China Railway, originated from Tangxu and started from Yulong. It has experienced many difficulties and storms. If the China railway network criss-crossing now is Long Mai in China, then this once 9.7-kilometer-long Tangxu railway is the source of Long Mai. In the crowd, the "Dragon Locomotive" blew the first whistle in the history of China railway. It broke China's silence for thousands of years. When history turned to 19 century, a sudden storm changed the whole world. The once powerful Qing Dynasty was swept into irreversible decline by this storm. This crumbling dynasty has become a rotten wood that has been eaten away. Even so, it carries too much "unbearable weight". Western ships are powerful, strange and out of reach. Let China people who are addicted to the dreamland of smoky bubbles feel palpitations for a long time. Revival became the driving force of a group of pioneers at that time. Although their behavior was once evaluated by historians as the recovery of "things", it is undeniable that history began to open those real "things". When we open the historical materials and touch the symbols of "things" that are bright or dark, we suddenly find that there are. As a line engraved on the locomotive monument of Tangshan Locomotive Depot says: "China Railway has experienced many difficulties and storms since Xu Xu in the Tang Dynasty and Yulong." And these symbols of "things" have been silent for hundreds of years as the coordinates of historical turning points in our indifference. ...

Full of ups and downs

Ding-shaped tanks with three twists and turns on Tang-Xu railway

After the Opium War, the Chinese nation lost a trace of self-confidence. The world is so big, there are so many amazing people in the invisible space. "Open your eyes and see the world" became a resounding slogan at that time. But when you really open your eyes, the reality is cruel, and everything in reality is far from everything in your mind. In the precarious dynasty, a group of pioneers began to know how to save themselves. Launched a Westernization Movement of "learning from foreigners to control foreigners". With the establishment and development of new industrial enterprises, the demand for coal has increased unprecedentedly. The Westernization School in Qing Dynasty actively organized new coal mines to ensure coal supply.