Problem description:
And alliance plan
Analysis:
1, The Three People's Principles is a political program put forward by Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925), including nationalism, civil rights and people's livelihood. Under the different historical conditions over the years, many of his expositions on the Three People's Principles have changed and developed. Sun Yat-sen's Manuscript of the Three People's Principles was lost when Chen Jiongming troops attacked the presidential palace in the 11th year of the Republic of China. At present, the earliest published material is 1905' s Declaration of the League (that is, the publication of People's Daily), and the latest is 1924' s record of his sixteen speeches on the topic of "Three People's Principles". The central content of the League Declaration is the four programmatic slogans of "Expulsion of Manchu, Restoration of China, Establishment of the Republic of China and Equal Land Ownership", which can be said to be the early form of the Three People's Principles before the Revolution of 1911. The first two were nationalism, the third was civil rights and the last was people's livelihood. At the First National Congress of China in June 5438 +0924+10/October 65438, Sun Yat-sen pointed out: "Re-study the current situation of the country and reinterpret the Three People's Principles." From June 65438 to August of the same year, he made sixteen speeches, expounding the Three People's Principles. This is the last, most systematic and detailed chapter in his life to preach the Three People's Principles.
The main points of the Three People's Principles are as follows:
Nationalism: Oppose the invasion of foreign powers, overthrow the warlords who collude with imperialism, seek the equality of all ethnic groups in China, and recognize the right of national self-determination.
Democracy: implementing democratic politics owned by ordinary people to prevent the disadvantages of the current system in Europe and America. The people have four powers (regimes) to elect, recall, produce and re-decide, while * * * has five powers (regimes) to govern the country. Its core idea emphasizes the distinction between direct civil rights and power, that is, * * has political power and the people have political power.
People's livelihood: There are two most important principles, one is the equality of land rights (land to the tiller), and the other is the control of capital (private individuals cannot manipulate the people's livelihood).
In many speeches and declarations, Sun Yat-sen pointed out that the political parties and movements he led must achieve three goals: national revolution to realize nationalism, political revolution to realize democracy, and social revolution to realize people's livelihood. He also believes that the last goal is best achieved gradually by improving methods to avoid revolution.
1924 At the opening ceremony of Huangpu Military Academy in Guangzhou in June, Dr. Sun Yat-sen took the Three People's Principles as the key link and later became the national anthem of the Republic of China.
2, 65438+ 1924 10, Sun Yat-sen accepted the advice of * * * people and reinterpreted the Three People's Principles at the first national congress in China. The new Three People's Principles include three major policies, namely, uniting Russia, uniting with * * * and helping the peasants and workers, and an anti-imperialist and anti-feudal program. This is China during the first revolutionary civil war.
3. China League, referred to as League, is a national revolutionary party led and organized by Sun Yat-sen, mainly overseas Chinese.
1In July, 905, Sun Yat-sen returned to Tokyo, Japan, and prepared to set up the China Alliance. On August 20th, China (Revolutionary) League was established in Tokyo, Japan, and later it was renamed China League to avoid Japanese opposition. Its predecessor was Hunan Huaxinghui (Huang Xing, Song, Chen Tianhua, etc. ) and Guangdong Hometown Association (Sun Yat-sen, Hu, Wang Jingwei, etc. ), in addition to Jiangsu and Zhejiang Guangfu Association (Zhang, Cai Yuanpei, Qiu Jin, etc. ), science counseling center and other organizations to participate. The fundamental political demand of China League is the sixteen-character program put forward by Sun Yat-sen, that is, "expelling the Tatars, restoring China, establishing the Republic of China, and sharing land rights equally". Its official publication is People's Daily (formerly known as zhina in the 20th century, it is the official publication of Huaxing Association, and it was renamed People's Daily after the establishment of the League). Sun Yat-sen is his prime minister and Huang Xing is his servant.
China United League and Sun Yat-sen's conception of an organization of the Republic of China is the same: there are three departments: administrative, legislative and judicial, which is actually the principle of separation of powers.
The People's Daily, edited by Zhang and Tao and written by Hu and Wang Jingwei, had a heated debate with Xinmin Cong Bao, written by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao who advocated royalism, and became an important position of revolutionary thought.
1907 alliance split again. Sun Yat-sen left Japan because he accepted Japanese funding without public discussion, and the Guangfu Association withdrew. Sun Yat-sen, Wang Jingwei and Hu Ping have another headquarters in Nanyang. Huang Xing continues to support Sun Yat-sen. ..
China United League tried to organize uprisings in many places in China, trying to overthrow the Qing Dynasty, but all failed. During the period from 1906 to 19 1 1, the League, together with local organizations, launched eight armed uprisings in China (1907 May: Chaozhou Uprising; June: Huizhou Uprising; July: Anqing Uprising (instigated by Guangfu Association); September: Qinzhou Uprising; 65438+February: Zhennanguan Uprising; 1March 908: Qin and Lian Uprising; April: Hekou Uprising; 19 10 February: Guangzhou Uprising; 19 1 1 April: Huanghuagang Uprising), but all ended in failure. Among them, the last uprising, the Huanghuagang uprising in 19 1 1 was still tragic, and most of the participants and victims were key members of the League. In the Wuchang Uprising of 19 1 1, although members of the China League participated, the China League did not play a leading role.
The Wuchang Uprising began to split soon after its establishment. Some people disapprove of Sun Yat-sen's Three People's Principles, and some even oppose Sun Yat-sen's equal land system. Zhang et al. and Li formed the Peace Party. By 19 12, the China League had been torn apart. Only three of Sun's temporary nine people who were founded in Nanjing after the Revolution of 1911 were members of the League.
1965438+On August 7, 2002, under the organization of Song Dynasty, the League, the United Party, the Kuomintang, the Democratic Progressive Association and the Progressive Council were jointly established in Beijing, with Sun Yat-sen as the chairman and Song as the acting chairman. 19 13 years, after Yuan Shikai officially took office as president, he ordered the forced dissolution of * * * on1.4.