During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, China was in a period of great change from a slave society to a feudal society. During this period, wars were frequent, princes competed for hegemony, and nations continued to merge. The Spring and Autumn Period is the disintegration period of slave society, and the Warring States Period is the formation period of feudal society. In 475 BC, China began to enter the feudal society. Due to the shaking of the economic foundation of slavery and the political decline of the royal family, the enfeoffment system has become a factor hindering social progress. The formation of the emerging landlord class is conducive to the development of new forces. 1. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the princes competed for hegemony. After the royal family moved eastward, their power plummeted, leaving only 200 miles around Luoyang in the land of Ji Wang. Governors no longer obey the emperor, no longer pay homage. In order to expand the scope of rule and plunder more land, population and wealth, the vassal States waged a long-term war of hegemony and annexation. This is the historical background of frequent wars in this period. 1. Hegemony of Qi Huangong: Qi was a vassal state of Jiang Shang at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty. Through the continuous annexation of Dongyi, it developed into an oriental power in the Spring and Autumn Period. It faces the mountains and seas, has the advantages of fishing and salt, and has a good foundation for agricultural production. At the beginning of the 7th century BC, Qi Huangong's hegemony reached its peak. (1) Appoint Guan Zhong as Prime Minister and actively reform the internal affairs in order to achieve the goal of "supporting Qiang Bing with money"; (2) With the slogan of "respecting the king and rejecting the foreign countries", the strategy of "relying on the emperor to make the princes" was adopted to save the lives and control the barbarians in the north and the barbarians in the south, winning the support of the princes and increasing their prestige; (3) In 65 1 year BC, Qi Huangong Hui vassal Yu Kuiqiu (now Lankao, Henan) established the hegemony of the Central Plains. 2. Chu Jin seeks hegemony. In the early years of the Spring and Autumn Period, the forces of Jin and Chu gradually became stronger. The two sides competed for the Central Plains. In the battle of Chengpu, Chu Jin, the Chu army was defeated. At that time, Jin Wengong joined forces with the governors to become the overlord of the Central Plains. After Jin Wengong's death, hegemony declined. Later, Jin and Chu fought again, and the Jin army was defeated, so it became the overlord of the princes. 3. wuyue strives for hegemony. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, wuyue, which rose in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, continued to strive for hegemony, which was the end of the hegemony of great powers. Wu is a country in the Taihu Lake Basin in southern Jiangsu. From the end of the 6th century to the beginning of the 5th century, He Lv, the king of Wu, clashed with the State of Yue, which wanted to compete for hegemony in the northern Qiantang River basin in northern Zhejiang, and forged a deep hatred. He Lv, the prince of Wu, was seriously injured and died on the way. His son focha is determined to take revenge. Three years later, he defeated Gou Jian, the king of Yue. He Lv, the king of Wu, tried to be the king and finally became the overlord in Fuxi. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, served Wu in a servile manner. He was furious and determined to take revenge. After the preparation of "ten years of reunion, ten years of lessons", Wu was finally destroyed. Gou Jian, the King of Yue, went north, joined the princes and proclaimed himself emperor for a while. The relationship between the hegemony war in the Spring and Autumn Period and the disintegration of the Jing Tian system (1) The hegemony war promoted the disintegration of the Jing Tian system: ① In order to win the hegemony war, the monarchs of many vassal states carried out reforms. They attach great importance to the development of talents, science and technology and the application of new technologies in the field of production, thus enhancing their economic and military strength. (2) On this basis, China's production tools and technology have been rapidly improved. With the use of iron tools and the appearance of Niu Geng, social productive forces have been significantly improved, private land has been developed, feudal production relations have emerged, and class relations have also changed. (3) Under the influence of the implementation of the "initial tax mu" in Shandong, the well-field system of the slave society based on the state-owned land system gradually collapsed, which marked the collapse of the slave social and economic foundation. (2) The disintegration of the well-field system intensified the war for hegemony: ① The disintegration of the well-field system, on the one hand, is conducive to the development of productive forces and makes it possible for mankind to expand the scope of production and life; On the other hand, it aggravated the change of power contrast between slave owners and nobles, and shook and destroyed the stable structure within the slave owners' class and the original feudal system. (2) The war for land and population and the hegemony of other vassal states have become an inevitable phenomenon in historical development. 2. The war of annexation in the Warring States Period 1. The formation of the pattern of "Seven Heroes in Warring States" ① Korea, Zhao and Wei were divided into Jin. ② field. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, in the struggle with the old forces, the forces of Jin and Qi, representing the emerging landlord class, gradually replaced the monarch and took control of the political power, and were officially recognized as princes by the King of Zhou. (3) Formation of the political pattern of "Seven Heroes in the Warring States": After a long war in the Spring and Autumn Period, by the early years of the Warring States, there were only more than 20 vassal states, including Qi in the east, Chu in the south, Qin in the west and Yan in the north. Among the four countries, Korea, Zhao and Wei were the most powerful, forming the pattern of "Seven Heroes in the Warring States". In the Warring States period, similar to the Spring and Autumn Period, except for expanding territory, plundering population and fierce melee, the war began to have the nature of feudal annexation war, and then gradually transformed into a feudal unification war. 2. During the war of annexation in the Warring States, everyone mainly mastered the important battles such as the Battle of Guiling, the Battle of Maling and the Battle of Changping. The war of hegemony and annexation in the Spring and Autumn Period brought profound disasters to the people. Why will it have an objective effect that is conducive to historical progress? This is mainly because: First, the war for hegemony has accelerated the pace of reunifying China. In the war of annexation and hegemony, the big countries annexed small countries, and the number of vassal States decreased, which realized the unification of regions and localities and strengthened the trend of centralization, laying the foundation for national unity and the establishment of centralization of authority. Second, the hegemonic war accelerated the replacement process of the old and new systems and promoted social development. The Spring and Autumn Period is a transitional stage of the replacement of the old and new systems, and there is a struggle between feudalism and old slavery in society. The war of hegemony between great powers and the reforms carried out for hegemony have attacked and weakened the old system to varying degrees, promoted the development of new forces and cleared the way for the emerging landlord class. Third, strive for hegemony.