Beethoven was born in Bonn on the Rhine near Cologne, Germany on 17701February 16. His father, John, was mediocre and addicted to alcohol, and Beethoven had no happiness in his childhood.
~ the sound of my whipped childhood hurts ~
His father wanted his son to be the second child prodigy and let him enjoy all the splendor, so he forced him to learn piano. If he fails, he will be defeated. Beethoven spent his childhood in this tragic and painful fate. Beethoven's extraordinary talent, coupled with hard training the day after tomorrow, is getting higher and higher, and even his teachers are full of regrets.
At the age of twelve, Beethoven was employed as a court clavichord and organ musician, and he also assumed the responsibility of supporting his family. Beethoven gained more and more attention in the court, but he was ambitious and went to Vienna to pay homage to Mozart in 1787. Unfortunately, his mother was critically ill in Bonn and died shortly after returning home. This was a great blow to Beethoven, who stayed in Bonn for another five years.
Beethoven went to Vienna again in 1792 to realize his ideal. This time, Count Walstam gave a lot of help. In return, Beethoven later created a piano sonata and dedicated it to Walstam.
In Vienna, Beethoven received a year's education under Haydn, and then asked for advice from famous teachers such as Schenk, Abel Zberg and Surrey, especially the latter. He studied for ten years.
~ break free and pursue freedom ~
Beethoven gave his first concert in Vienna on 1795. At that time, the citizens of Vienna were deeply impressed by his own piano concerto No.2, and he became famous in one fell swoop.
His first symphony was written late, and three piano trio Beethoven were published in the same year, which also established his dual reputation as a performer and composer.
In the next five years, he composed piano sonatas No.1 to No.11 and piano concertos No.1 to No.3. 1799, Beethoven completed the first symphony. With his magical imagination, he successively wrote masterpieces that shocked the music world. In these works, life is full of joy and enthusiasm, showing an unprecedented free artistic conception, breaking through the strict form that even Mozart is bound.
When things were smooth sailing, Beethoven's fame reached its peak, but unfortunate fate befell him-he was deaf.
~ An inaudible giant ~
This is a cruel blow. In order to avoid being found deaf, Beethoven gradually lived in isolation and became more and more withdrawn.
At this time, he fell in love with 17-year-old girl Juliet Gucci Adi. The famous 14th piano sonata Moonlight is their love work.
1802, Beethoven moved to the quiet village of Heirikin, an hour's drive from Vienna, where he composed the second symphony. But the deterioration of ear disease made him miserable, so he wrote Heiligenstadt's suicide note, stating his tragic experience and misfortune. Later Beethoven rebuilt his confidence because of Kant's philosophy. The best way to forget misfortune is to work hard. At this time, he returned to Vienna, full of music, and in 1803, he wrote the thunderous third symphony "Hero". This song was originally intended to be dedicated to Napoleon, but Beethoven was angry because Napoleon was crowned emperor, so he erased Napoleon's name and renamed it "Symphony of Heroes".
In the same year, Beethoven wrote an excellent ninth violin sonata Croce. 1804 piano sonata No.21Waldstein was completed. The following year, he completed the piano sonata No.23, Passion, and the unique opera Federio. In this series of works, he showed his true skills, such as "Hua Stein" and "Enthusiasm", which fascinated the world. 1806, he also composed the piano concerto No.4 and violin concerto in D major.
1808, Beethoven published the fifth symphony Destiny and the sixth symphony Pastoral at the same time. 1809 Completed the fifth piano concerto "The Emperor". These are all immortal masterpieces.
~ passionate volcano ~
Beethoven's heart contains endless feelings, exquisite, extraordinary, harmonious and perfect. Beethoven intentionally incorporated his ideas into music. For example, in the fifth "Destiny", the theme motive at the beginning is that the God of Destiny knocks hard at the door, while in the sixth "Pastoral", Beethoven's intention to describe nature is more obvious. In the first movement, he marked the words "a country that makes people feel relaxed and happy".
1809, Napoleon captured Vienna, Prince Gongsun fled, and Beethoven's economy was in trouble. In the days of the war, he still stayed in Vienna and painstakingly created. His concerto "The Emperor" was written in the rumble of guns.
Because the first performances of Destiny and Pastoral didn't win the favor of the Viennese people, Beethoven decided to leave for Germany, but thanks to the efforts of Duke Rudolph, Prince Robert Gorwitz and Duke kinski, he stayed. In the future, Beethoven wrote the Grand Duke Piano Trio for these benefactors.
~ music flies into the homes of ordinary people ~
Since the French Revolution, the air in Europe has taken on a new look, and individual freedom and human rights have been confirmed. Beethoven also popularized music and brought it from the nobility to the whole people. Beethoven's achievements are immortal.
After Napoleon's defeat, Vienna resumed its joyful atmosphere. 18 12, Beethoven premiered Symphony No.7 and Symphony No.8 at the concert for the disabled, which caused a sensation. He won the respect of the people of Vienna.
Beethoven suffered from physiological deafness from 1804 to 18 14, but during these eleven years, his works were rich in content and had unprecedented historical value. He wrote a brilliant stroke in the treasure house of human music.
His Seventh Symphony has no title. Wagner thinks this piece is a symbol of dance, especially the passionate final movement. The Eighth Symphony is the clearest and most refreshing of his nine symphonies. He browses life with a philosophical and detached attitude.
Beethoven's third life began in 18 15 years. At that time, he had reached the prime of life and had a more thorough understanding of life. Since then, all the music he wrote, except the ninth symphony "Chorus" and "Solemn Mass", are piano sonatas and string quartets, all of which have inherent and profound spiritual artistic conception.
~ le sheng is not good at the world ~
Since the death of his younger brother Carl in 18 14, Beethoven has assumed the responsibility of guardianship and raising his nephew. But the adoption process and the problems caused by his nephew afterwards made him suffer a lot. In a word, he cannot transfer his love to his nephew. Beethoven's theory about how to get along with people completely collapsed.
Beethoven, the music saint, became more depressed, and his physical condition was more serious, and his economy was very tight. At that time, he was working hard to create two major works-Solemn Mass and Ninth Symphony. In particular, when Rudolph was appointed archbishop, the first song was played for him. It took him about five years to finish it in 1823 due to his heavy responsibilities. His Ninth Symphony premiered on May 7th of the following year, which pushed his popularity to a new peak.
The chorus of "Ode to Joy" in the Ninth Symphony is taken from Schiller's poem "Ode to Joy". He had this idea in his early years and finally got it 32 years later. The success of the Ninth Symphony brought him the greatest glory and joy in his life.
Beethoven personally directed the rehearsal of the Ninth Symphony, but due to deafness and disorder, Mrav conducted the formal performance. Beethoven is still on the stage, with his back to the audience. After the whole song was sung, the audience was deeply moved, cheered loudly and applauded like thunder, but Beethoven was unconscious. After being reminded by the performer, he saw the touching scene and answered with tears.
This is Beethoven's last public appearance. He unconsciously suffered from liver disease, and his life was getting worse every day. His dying mind tends to be quiet. At this time, Beethoven seemed to be in a thin and pure sky, overlooking the world he was about to leave. He wrote five final string quartets. These chamber music are his last works and Beethoven's will to the world. Prove to the world that the spirit can overcome pain and even death.
~ the last spring thunder sounded ~
Beethoven's life is coming to an end. Only in 1826, he underwent four operations, but his condition did not improve. 1on the afternoon of March 26th, 827, a snowstorm suddenly started in Vienna, accompanied by deafening spring thunder. At this time, Beethoven clenched his right fist and swallowed his last breath.
According to ancient records, Beethoven's funeral was held on March 29th, and more than 20,000 Viennese citizens took part in the escort to Jasseur Church where mass was held. ......
Beethoven —— A Genius by the Throat of Fate
Beethoven was a German musician. Born in a civilian family in Bonn, he showed musical talent from an early age. Later, I went to Bonn University as an auditor and went to Vienna, the city of music, for further study. Just when Beethoven made progress, a great misfortune befell him. ...
When Beethoven was a 26-year-old young man, there was a disturbing "buzzing" sound in his ears. Beethoven, who was in his prime and full of ambition, attracted the attention of the music industry. His moving music is clear and bright, just like a touch of new green in early spring. Although immature, it has spread infinitely in the formalist music world of18th century. This is a brand-new beginning. Beethoven will take a big step forward and turn a new page in the history of music as long as he grasps this opportunity. However, this endless "buzz" haunts Beethoven day and night, just like a devil casting a gloomy fog on the bright road. Through this erratic fog, Beethoven saw a lonely and silent world and his most precious and indispensable wealth-hearing has gradually left him and disappeared into the fog.
As a musician, Beethoven knows very well what it means to lose hearing. He couldn't hear his friends talking and laughing easily, and the beautiful music became blurred. Beethoven secretly went to see a doctor and tried to put apricot red oil and vanilla oil in his ears. He shivered and gave all his hopes to the doctor. However, all this was in vain. The doctor shook his head and cured his ear disease. Fear, pain, sadness and anger filled Beethoven's young mind. In suffering, Beethoven exhausted his whole heart and cried out painfully to God and the silent starry sky for a long time. "Oh, God, God, look down at the unfortunate Beethoven …" The cry was followed by an angry curse, cursing the misfortune imposed on him by the creator of nature.
However, Beethoven could only shout, tear his hair and curse in the deserted fields because he was afraid. He didn't have the courage to tell people that he was deaf, nor did he have the courage to meet the sympathy and comfort of his friends, and the ridicule and ridicule of his enemies who hated his music creation. Beethoven would rather suffer alone.
Beethoven dodged. He avoids cities, people, meetings and music. 1802 In the spring, Beethoven moved to Heiligenstadt, a small village outside Vienna. Here, he experienced a critical period of life and death.
At first, Beethoven cruelly wanted to cut off all his connection with music. He wants to be a farmer in this beautiful village. Beethoven wrote to his friend and said, "What I want to tell you is that I must be separated from my career, and the most brilliant page of my life will disappear with it." . I don't care about my talent and strength. I have to endure a painful experience. "Beethoven suddenly became so weak, so helpless, even pessimistic, and came to the brink of suicide. 1802, 10 year16 October, he made the famous Heiligenstadt will. In this will, we can see that Beethoven's mental crisis is extremely severe and intense, and he struggled in the struggle between life and death.
"Oh, you regard me as or describe me as a resentful, crazy or indebted person. You really misunderstood me! How can we know the hidden reasons behind those external phenomena? Since childhood, my heart and my spirit have a feeling of affection and kindness for good intentions. I am ready to accomplish a great feat at any time. But now I am in a desperate situation, because the ignorant doctor has aggravated my illness. Year after year, they lied to me that there was hope for improvement, and finally they faced an incurable terminal disease. I am naturally passionate about activities, even social activities, but I am forced to be isolated from others prematurely and live a lonely life. Sometimes, I have the idea of overcoming all this, but ah, I am always pushed back by the double pain that this kind of disabled hearing makes me feel; I can't say to others,' Speak louder and let go of your voices, because I am deaf!' Well, how can people know that I have a hearing problem? Listening should be more perfect for me than others, and my listening was really a leader in the music industry before. I can't tell anyone. The most painful thing about my unfortunate experience is that it leads me to a lonely road. I can't have friends to mend fences with me, have a long talk with each other, exchange ideas, and no longer need my presence in society. I'm really like a fugitive here, struggling with the years. When I approached a group of people, a thrill filled my whole body, because I was afraid that others would find me deaf.
"So I recently lived in the country for half a year. My clever doctor advised me to protect my hearing as much as possible, which is exactly what I want now. But sometimes I have a social impulse, so I can't control myself. When the person standing next to me hears the deep flute in the distance and I can't hear it, or he hears the shepherd boy singing and I can't hear it, what a hard thing to swallow. This experience almost made me desperate: I don't have to hesitate any more, I am on the verge of ending my life. "
However, how can Beethoven escape? As he himself said, "It's just art, but art has kept me. Oh, I think I have to complete all the tasks I feel before I can leave this world. " The power of his inner music is so strong, just like the sea in a storm, how can he escape from it? When he was five years old, when he was severely taught by his father and stood in front of the organ and sobbed secretly, his tears, his immature fingers and his sensitive thoughts had been integrated with music forever. How could he give up?
His childhood flooded into his memory. In this quiet and beautiful valley, he poured out his deep attachment to his hometown Rhine: "My hometown, when I first saw the light, I felt lovely." When I left you, it was still so lovely and so bright. " Beethoven was born in Bonn on the Rhine. Although Beethoven's childhood family was poor, he could still lean against the window sill of the attic and meditate on the lovely town and quiet foothills outside. On the Rhine, the ship struggled, but it was strong and popular. There are thick ropes on the shore to keep out the wind. There are lovely meadows and beautiful vineyards on both sides, and rugged paths and towering peaks in the distance. The beautiful scenery of nature cultivated Beethoven's young mind.
Beethoven had an alcoholic father who came back from the hotel empty-handed every day, and the burden of family fell on his mother's shoulders. Fortunately, Beethoven had a strong and patient mother who had to support this small family and pay the bills of the landlord and the grocery store. In order to give her sons enough shirts and trousers to wear, in order to let them have enough meat sauce and potatoes to eat; She sews and knits all day and works hard. Beethoven despised his father's incompetence and hated the torture and fatigue his father brought to his mother. He admired his mother's optimism and hard work, and her personality gave him a silent influence, which ran through his life. Beethoven loved his mother deeply. When her mother was dying, he dragged her weak and sickly body and overcame many difficulties. I went back to Bonn from Vienna to visit my mother. After his mother died of illness, he wrote to a friend and said, "I saw that my mother was still alive, but the situation was very bad." Her illness is lung disease. About seven weeks ago, after enduring excessive pain and sorrow, she passed away. " She is very kind and lovely to me. What if I can call a sweet "mom" and she can hear me? Who can I tell now? Only quiet hallucinations can remind me of the past. "
Beethoven showed his musical talent at an early age. This 4-year-old child can naturally master his own staff and go on stage to hold a concert with others, which greatly surprised the local people. Beethoven, who was 8 years old, actually created an organ work, which made his teacher and organist Chai Sa hard to believe it was true. Beethoven's musical talent is easily reminiscent of Mozart, a talented musician at that time, but when Beethoven 16 went to see Mozart with admiration, Mozart did not show enthusiasm. He thought Beethoven was just a dark-skinned young man on the Rhine. When Beethoven played a piece of music, Mozart reacted coldly, which Beethoven couldn't stand. He asked Mozart to improvise a theme because he often played better after being stimulated. Now, he is despised by the master he worships, and his young mind is strongly shocked. His fingers kept flying on the keys, and he felt extremely uncomfortable. However, his music gradually made Mozart proud. Several friends sitting in the next room said, "pay attention to this child, he will bring great surprises to the world in the future!" " "
This is a very ordinary trivial matter, but what we see is not only Beethoven's outstanding musical genius, but also the most important aspect of his personality: he hates unfair treatment and yearns for freedom, equality and fraternity. In Beethoven's mind, freedom, equality and fraternity are his spiritual hometown; "I don't see that some people will show that others are superior. Also don't see some people can be included in the superior class; I am in this cold place, which is my hometown. " Beethoven despised the upper class and openly challenged them. On one occasion; Beethoven proudly said to Prince Lihe Lovsky, "You are just a prince, and I am Beethoven." On another occasion, Beethoven and Goethe were walking, and they saw many royal people coming from a distance, including the emperor. Beethoven said: "We walk hand in hand, and they want to make way, not give way!" "As a result, Goethe stood on the side of the road, with a hat in his hand, bowing deeply to the royal family, while Beethoven swaggered through the princes and nobles with his arms contracted.
This confident and rebellious character once left him after he lost his hearing; But in this beautiful Heiligenstadt hut, after the test of life and death and thinking, it returned to him; Moreover, he found strength, patience and optimism from his hometown and mother.
Finally, Beethoven's frown revealed a challenge to suffering. Although his clenched palms and drooping lips didn't smile, they burst into laughter. Under this strange and even crazy appearance, the wound on the bleeding heart is slowly healing, and it will crush the hard reef like a raging wave.
"I can't stand it anymore. I want to fight against fate. It won't conquer me. How wonderful it is to continue to live! It's worth living like this for a thousand times! I want to hold the throat of fate! " Beethoven left retirement and escape behind, and he encouraged himself: "Let your deafness no longer be a secret, even in your art!" " The external disaster brought Beethoven's internal strength-a new and firm technique, a deep and pure scene, and stepped on the weakness of failure. Beethoven was delighted to feel this brand-new power generated by him. He knew how to grasp the noblest voice in the human spirit, so the idea of music surged more abundantly than before.
In Heiligenstadt, Beethoven reappeared in the shade of the silent forest and the green grass of the country pasture. Through the narrow green valley, there is a path in the forest, with lush vegetation and clear streams. This is the place where Beethoven often walked, and later people called it "Beethoven Path". Beethoven strolled, conceived and created here, and praised the magnificence of nature with music. Thousands of kinds of weather. It's here. He completed the famous Second Symphony and some sonatas and variations.
1803, Beethoven completed his famous heroic symphony. The ideal heroism of this symphony is proud music and personal experience, just like an autobiography. In Beethoven's music, the "hero" is a tough guy who is not afraid of pain and death, dares to face difficulties and obstacles and makes thrilling achievements. This tough guy, Beethoven himself. He expanded and sublimated his indomitable spirit and proved that he successfully passed the test of fate. Since then, all the important music created by Beethoven is not only a hero's struggle with fate, but also an earth-shattering sound record of his struggle with the world.
Heroes, fate, ode to joy, one magnificent movement after another, make the whole world crazy. Applause and cheers surrounded Beethoven, but he couldn't hear the outside information. 1824 On May 7th, the Ninth Symphony premiered in Vienna. Beethoven looked down at the music on the stage, beat and supervised the performance. At this moment. He is completely deaf. From the moment he composed this piece of music, he listened to the echoes of heaven, earth, man and God with his "heart and ears". After the whole song was sung, the audience applauded, but he was unconscious. He still turned his back on the audience and bowed his head and beat the time. Finally, a female singer gently pulled his sleeve on the stage. He turned around and saw the scene of warm applause, so he bowed with tears and thanked him. Although Beethoven was famous all over the world, he didn't get rid of disease and poverty until his later years. Beethoven often wore a shabby coat in his later years, and his appearance was very shabby. One night, he was detained by Gucci as a tramp while wandering in the suburbs of Vienna. At that time, Beethoven was furious and shouted, "I am Beethoven!" " "The policeman said," You are a tramp. Does Beethoven look like you? " At this time, Beethoven also dragged his weak body to complete the solemn mass in D major.
When Beethoven was 57 years old, he realized that death was knocking at his door. He humorously said to the people in Singapore, "Applause, friends, the comedy is over!" " "Now it does come."
The real arrival date is1March 23, 827. Before Beethoven's death, lightning pierced the evening sky in Vienna. It is extremely rare to hear roaring thunder in Vienna at the end of March. At this time, Beethoven suddenly opened his eyes, raised his right hand, and stared at the clenched fist held above his head for a long time, as if shouting at the furious thunder and lightning: "I want to fight with you!" " I am a hero, a fearless hero! "At the time of the funeral, more than 20,000 Viennese took to the streets automatically, and the funeral scene was particularly solemn and solemn. Eight famous conductors walked in front of the crowd in coffins, and young Schubert followed with a torch. The crowd behind the coffin seems endless, moving slowly in the sad and solemn atmosphere of Beethoven's funeral March. Beethoven is dead. He played the strongest voice of that era and sang with his life and soul, "People are not born defeated. "He left people not only endless Beethoven music, but also immortal soul.
Musician Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770.12.17. - 1827.3.26.)
1792, 22-year-old Ludwig van Beethoven came to Vienna from Bonn. Until his death in 1827, he never left this city which was particularly attractive to musicians. Most of Beethoven's works were created here. All his nine symphonies were premiered in Vienna. 1805, his only opera Federio also premiered in vienna state opera. Beethoven is regarded by later generations as the greatest symphony writer of all time. His heroic symphony is full of passion. His ninth symphony, based on German poet Schiller's Ode to Joy, has now become an ode to the European Union.
Brilliant creation can't cover up Beethoven's hard life. 1802, Beethoven wrote a will, probably for his brother, because he gradually lost his hearing and sadness. His warm temperament forced him to move frequently. He left dozens of homes in the hot spring area in the north of Vienna. However, the hot spring finally failed to save his deafness. 18 19, Beethoven completely lost his hearing. 1827, people held a grand funeral for him in Velinger's cemetery. 1888, Beethoven's body was placed in the central cemetery in Vienna.
Visiting musician Beethoven
Beethoven often moved around in his later years. Although he left many former residences, many of them were not opened to tourists as exhibition halls. Beethoven likes to live in a place called Heiligenstadt, which is far from the city, just to the north of the city. 1802, Beethoven lived in this city and wrote his second symphony here. In the same year 10, Beethoven wrote Heiligenstadt's Will here. This is a letter he wrote to his two brothers. This letter was not sent, and it is still well preserved here. This site of Beethoven is now called "Heiligenstadt Testament Hall" and is open to visitors from Tuesday to Sunday.
Address: 6 Burgass, Vienna, 1 190.
Paqualitihaus in pask is where Beethoven lived for a long time. Beethoven left this residence several times from 1804 to 18 15, but he finally returned here. The owner of this building, pask Vatti, is a good friend of Beethoven. Every time Beethoven left, he told his servant not to rent Beethoven's room because "he will always come back". Here, Beethoven experienced the heyday of creation, and his fourth, fifth and sixth symphonies, the fourth piano concerto and the opera Federio were all created here.
Address: Moelkerbastei 8, 10 10Wien
When Beethoven died in 1827, many friends and admirers came to offer their condolences. Beethoven was buried in Waehringer Friedhof. Grillparzer, a great literary master, once said in his eulogy, "Beethoven gave everything to everyone, but he didn't get anything from them, so he stayed away from everyone." For Beethoven's grave, Schubert was buried here with him in 1828. In memory of this talented young musician Schubert, a Schubert Park was built next to Weilingge's grave. Today, this Schubert Garden in Weiling Street is a place where many tourists hang around.
Address: W ringer Street 1 180, Vienna.
1888, the coffins of two musicians were moved to the central cemetery together. Today, Beethoven is buried in Tomb 29 of the Central Cemetery Celebrity Cemetery 32A.
Address: Vienna, 234, 1 1 10.
1880, people who worshipped Beethoven also built a monument for him. Since then, this place has been renamed Beethoven Square. Beethoven's statue is surrounded by nine little angels, symbolizing the immortal nine symphonies of the music master.
Address: Beethoven Square, 10 10 Vienna