Tennis matches are divided into singles and doubles. The player hit the ball over the net with a tennis racket and fell into the opponent's court. The goal of each player is to try his best to hit the ball on the other side's court. It was like this once, until one side hit the ball out of bounds or missed it.

service

Before the official game, it is necessary to determine who will serve first. Throughout the game, players from both sides took turns serving. Before serving, the server should stand in the area between the end line, the midpoint and the assumed extension line of the sideline. The serve should go over the net and land on the opposite service court. At the beginning of each game, serve from the end line of the right area first, and then serve from the left area after winning or losing one point. And so on. Usually serve is to throw the ball in any direction in the air and hit the ball with a racket before it hits the ground; However, it can also be taken under the armpit.

breakdown

If the ball falls outside the opponent's service area, such as the ball is out of bounds or touches the net, it is called a mistake and the server serves again. A ball that falls on the boundary is counted on the line. If the service fails twice, it is called "double fault" and the opponent wins one point. If the server leaves the original baseline when serving, it is also a mistake. If the serve touches the net, but the ball still falls into the opponent's service area, it is a heavy serve.

bureau

The score at the beginning of each game is 0:0, and the score in the first game is 15. Therefore, if the server wins this score, the score becomes 15:0, and if the receiver wins this score, the score is 0: 15 (the score of the server is given before the colon). The player's second goal is 30, followed by 40 (historically these numbers represent 1/4 hours, that is,15,30,45, but 45 was later changed to 40). If the opponent has only 30 players or less, then the next ball will win the game, because in each game, at least 2 points more than the opponent can end the game. If both players reach 40, it's called "the game is over." With the arrival of the next point, the first player will try his best to lead by 2 points to win the game. At the same time, the chasing opponent also tried to equalize the score and achieve a "game end draw." The leading player won the next point and won the game.

plate

If the opponent is at least two games behind, then the player who wins six games first wins one game. However, if this set is 6:5, then both sides will have to play another game. If the first one wins, that is, the score of the set is 7:5, the first one wins the set. However, if another player equalizes this set to 6:6, it will be decided by the tiebreaker who will win.

match

In three games, the one who wins two games first wins, that is, two wins in three games; In five sets of games, the winner is the first to win three sets, that is, three wins in five sets. Tiebreaker: In a tie breaker, the player who should talk about serving serves the first point, then the other player serves the second and third points, and then both sides serve two points in turn. If the player who scores 7 points first leads his opponent by at least 2 points, he wins the game. The venue will be changed every 6 points and the end of the deciding game. However, there are exceptions. If the game is long, it is agreed in advance. There is no tie breaker, only two more games can win the game. In Atlanta, two Australian brothers scored a high score of 18: 16 with their opponents in the semi-final. Finally, the two brothers won the gold medal.

Other rules

Any ball that falls on the line is considered a foul ball.

In addition to serving, the ball that touches the net and falls into the correct area of the court after touching the net is valid.

When the player returns the ball, he can hit the ball around the net and fixtures, and even hit the ball at the top of the net. As long as the ball finally lands in the right place on the opponent's court, it is a good ball.

When serving, the opponent must land once before hitting the ball. At other times, when you return the ball, you can do it once or not.

After the odd-numbered innings of each game, the athletes of both sides can have a short rest and then switch venues to continue the game.

You will get points when:

1. The ball hit the body.

Hit the ball over the net

3. The player's hand or any part of his body touches or crosses the net.

Site and equipment

space

The venue of the 2000 Sydney Olympic Games is a synthetic plastic venue, with high rebound and fast speed, which is suitable for online service players.

A tennis court for singles is 23.8 meters (78 feet) long and 8.2 meters (27 feet) wide. If it is widened 10.97 meters (36 feet), it can be used for doubles. The net divides the court in two. The so-called service line is a line 6.4 meters (2 1 foot) away from the net. The net in the middle is 9 1.4 cm (3 feet) high. In Sydney, the service hotline will be connected to an electronic monitor to show when there is a service error.

ball

It is rumored that in order to reduce the service speed and prolong the game time, the size of tennis should be increased. However, the standard size of the Olympic ball is still 6.54 1-6.858cm in diameter and 56.7-58.5g in weight. When the ball falls to the concrete floor from a height of 254 cm, it should rebound to 134.62 and 65438+.

racket

The weight of the racket is not limited, but the length cannot exceed 73.66 cm and the width cannot exceed 3 1.75 cm.

Game form

The top 16 players are called seed players, and they should be grouped as reasonably as possible so that these seed players and players from the same country will not meet prematurely in the competition; The top eight seed players in doubles are also selected according to this principle. Like most competitions, the Olympic tennis tournament is also a knockout. Once the match fails, it will be eliminated. Except for the men's doubles final, there are at most 5 sets and at most 3 sets. In the last four groups of players, the semi-final winner went on to win gold and silver medals, and the semi-final loser won bronze medals.

In tennis, people often mention the word "grand slam". The so-called "grand slam" is the crown title of tennis. It means that a tennis player or a pair of tennis players won the Wimbledon Championship, the US Open, the Australian Open and the French Open in the same season. This is a "grand slam".

The first tennis player in the world to win the title of "Grand Slam" was Frederic John Perry, a British-born male player, May 1909. He achieved his first Grand Slam when he won the French Open singles title at 1935.

In the history of tennis in the world, four female players have won grand slams. They are: Connolly of the United States; Australia Courtney; Navratilova martina in the United States and Graf in Germany.

International Tennis Federation (ITF)

The International Tennis Federation was founded in 19 1 1, and its headquarters is in London. The main responsibility of the international network is to be responsible for all matters related to tennis matches; Formulate and modify tennis rules; Training course for tennis coaches from developing countries; Coordinate the world tennis match between youth, adults and the elderly. For example, more than 100 youth competitions are organized every year, and an international team competition for boys and girls under 16 is also organized, named "World Youth Cup". The International Network Association is responsible for organizing the world's two major team competitions, namely the Davis Cup (men) and the Confederations Cup (women); Responsible for guiding Wimbledon, France, the United States and Australia; Responsible for the final stage of Olympic tennis competition and so on.

International Tennis Professional Association

International Tennis Professional Association, also known as Professional Tennis Players Association. International Professional Tennis Association (ATP) is an "autonomous" organization of the world's male professional tennis players. 1972 was founded in the US Open. Its main task is to coordinate the partnership between professional athletes and events, organize and manage the points, rankings and bonus distribution of professional athletes, and formulate competition rules and give or cancel the qualifications of players. For more than 20 years, the International Professional Network Association has done two major things. The first is to reform the rankings. Mark and Miles, the heads of the professional network, are experienced sports agents. In order to improve the level of competition, he first reformed the average ranking method that has been used for many years. This ranking method has been used since 1973, and its main drawback is that the number of times some excellent tennis players participate in the competition drops sharply every year. Based on this, the professional tennis association decided to replace the average ranking method with "14 game best scoring system", which is the ATP ranking we see now, and achieved the purpose of encouraging players to participate more. The second important thing that the International Professional Network Association has done is to implement the "Super Tour Plan". Since the professional tennis association switched to the new ranking mode and adjusted the competition schedule, the professional tennis world has been as busy as a bee, and several competitions will be held around the world at the same time, which can be said to be in full swing. But after a long time, the problems have also been exposed. As high-level players participate in several competitions, the number of confrontations between them naturally decreases. In addition, too many games and the pressure of ranking list make many players overloaded, which leads to an increase in injuries and waivers and a decline in competitive level. Low-level competition will reduce the interest of the audience, and losing the audience means losing the market. Based on these, a "super tour" was born. The slogan of this plan is "do more with less money", that is, reduce the number of events to improve the quality of the competition. They reduced the original 1 1 top events to nine, and organized the Super Tour on this basis.

The total prize money of these events ranges from 600,000 to 2 million dollars. When choosing events, the professional network fully considers the factors such as venue, funds and audience, so that the nine events can fully show the different styles of men's professional tennis. According to the time and place, they are: plastic land-Lipton, Indian villa; Red soil-Monte Carlo, Hamburg, Rome; Hard ground-Toronto, Cincinnati; Indoor carpet venue-Stockholm, Paris. In order to ensure the quality of the event, the professional network association signed contracts with the top ten players. According to the contract, these players must participate in the above-mentioned events on time and cannot participate in other low-level competitions at the same time. Mark and Myers said that the goal of the Super Tour is to "make tennis easier to understand and make more people like tennis". Every year 1 15, the final of the IBM/ATP World Championships held in Frankfurt, Germany with eight top players and the ATP Touring Doubles World Championships held in Johannesburg, South Africa a week later are the two most influential events of the International Professional Federation. These two events will decide who is the top seed in singles and doubles this year.

1

The stadium should be a rectangle, 78 feet (23.77 meters) long and 27 feet (8.23 meters) wide.

The middle is separated by a net hung on a rope or wire rope, with a maximum diameter of 1/3 inches (0.8 cm). The two ends of the net should be attached to or hung on the top of two net columns, which should be square square columns with a side length not exceeding 6 inches (15cm) or cylinders with a diameter of 6 inches (15cm). The net post should not exceed 1 inch (2.5cm) at the top of the net rope. The midpoint of each net post shall be 3 feet (0.9 14m) away from the site, and the height of the net post shall be such that the vertical distance between the top of the net rope or wire rope and the ground is 3 feet 6 inches (1.07m).

When the doubles net is hung on the dual-purpose court (see Rule 34 for details) for singles competition, the net should be supported by two "singles poles" with a height of 3 feet 6 inches (1.07m), and the cross section of each pole should be a square column with a side length of less than 3 inches (7.5cm) or a cylinder with a diameter of less than 3 inches (7.5cm). The midpoint of each single pole should be 3 feet (0.914m) away from the sideline of singles.

The net needs to be completely opened in order to effectively fill the space between the two pillars and effectively open all the meshes, which should be large enough to prevent the ball from passing through the middle of the net. The height of the middle point of the net should be 3 feet (0.914m), and it should be tightened and fixed with an all-white net belt with a width not exceeding 2 inches (5cm). The net rope or wire rope at the top of the net should be wrapped with white net belt, and the width of each side is between 2 inches (5 cm) and 2.5 inches (6.35 cm). There can be no advertisements on the net, net belt and single pole.

The dividing line between the two ends of the court is called the bottom line, and the dividing line between the two sides is called the sideline.

Draw a line parallel to the net at a distance of 2 1 ft (6.4m) from both sides of the net, which is the service line. The court formed by the net, service lines and sideline lines is divided into two equal areas by the service center line, which is a line connecting the midpoint of the two service lines and parallel to the sideline line, and the width of the line must be 2 inches (5 cm). Each baseline is divided into two equal parts by an imaginary extension line of the service center line with a length of 4 inches (10 cm) and a width of 2 inches (5 cm), and there is a short line between them. This short line is the "midpoint", which is connected with the baseline at right angles and drawn from the baseline to the court. Except that the maximum width of the bottom thread cannot exceed 4 inches (1 0cm), the width of all other threads should be between1inch (2cm) and 2 inches (5cm). All measurements should be based on the outer edge of the line.

If the advertisement is located behind the linesman's chair at the back of the court, the advertisement cannot contain white or yellow. Light colors are allowed only if they do not interfere with the player's sight.

ITF Note 1: In the events hosted by Davis Cup, Confederations Cup and Internet, the specific requirements for the size of the areas behind the baseline and on both sides of the sideline are included in the relevant terms of each event.

ITF Note 2: For clubs and amateurs, the distance behind the baseline should be at least 65,438+08 feet (5.5 meters), and the distance on one side of the sideline should be at least 65,438+00 feet (3.05 meters).

2. Permanent fixture

The permanent fixtures on the ground of the tennis court include not only the net, the net post, the singles pole, the net rope, the wire rope, the central belt and the net belt, but also the following conditions, such as the baffle around the court, the stands, the fixed or movable chairs around the court, the spectators, all the supporting facilities around and above the court, and the referees, tennis referees, foot-fault referees, linesmen and caddies starting from their respective predetermined positions.

ITF Note: In order to fully implement this rule, "referee" means the referee who sits on the referee's bench in the competition and all the staff who assist the referee in enforcing the law during the competition.

dance (party)

The ball used on the field needs to be evenly wrapped with textile materials, the color is white or yellow, and the seams need to be seamless.

The size of the ball used shall meet the requirements in Article 4 of Appendix I (the detection of the ball is stipulated in Rule 3), and the weight shall be between 2 ounces (56.7 grams) and 2 1/6 ounces (58.5 grams).

When falling freely from 100 inch (254 cm) to the concrete floor, the rebound height should be between 53 inches (134.62 cm) and 58 inches (147.32 cm).

When the ball is subjected to a pressure of 18 lb (8. 165 kg), the inward elastic deformation should be between 0.22 inch (0.559 cm) and 0.29 inch (0.737 cm), and the rebound deformation range after compression should be 0.3 15 inch (0.8 cm). These two kinds of deformation data should be the average of the three axes of the test ball. In each case, the difference between any two data cannot exceed 0.03 inch (0.076 cm).

If you play at an altitude of 4000 feet (12 19 meters), you need to use two other special balls. The first is to make the internal pressure of the ball greater than the external pressure except that the bouncing height is between 48 inches (12 1.92 cm) and 53 inches (134.62 cm), otherwise it is exactly the same as the above description. This kind of ball is usually called a pressure ball. The bouncing height of the second kind of ball should be 53 inches (134.62 cm) and 58 inches (147.32 cm), and its internal pressure should be roughly equal to the external air pressure, and it can be maintained at the altitude of the designated competition venue for more than 60 days. Otherwise, it is exactly the same as the above description. This kind of ball is usually called zero pressure ball or no pressure ball.

All tests on ball rebound, size and deformation shall comply with the provisions of Appendix 1.

The International Tennis Federation will decide whether a ball or sample meets the above criteria or whether it can be approved for use in the competition. This ruling may be the initiative of the International Tennis Association itself, or it may be based on the application of all people who are really interested, including any player, equipment manufacturer or national tennis association, and their members. Such applications and rulings shall be conducted in accordance with the review and hearing procedures of the international network.

Note to ITF: According to these tennis rules, all tennis used in competitions must be included in the official list of ITF approved by the International Network Association.

4. Racket

Racquets that do not meet the following requirements are not allowed to be used in competitions according to these rules:

A. The hitting surface of the racket should be flat, and the lines connected to the racket frame should form a unified rule, and the lines should be intertwined or combined at the intersection; The samples composed of strings should be generally consistent, and the density in the center should not be less than that in other areas. The design and stringing of the racket should make the front and back sides of the racket basically the same when hitting the ball.

There should be no appendages or protrusions on the racquet string, unless the appendages are only used to limit and prevent the abrasion, tear or vibration of the racquet string, and their size and position must be reasonable.

B The total length of the racket frame (including the handle) used in professional competitions from 1 997 65438+1October shall not exceed 27 inches (73.66 cm). From June 5438+1 October12000, the total length of the racket frame (including the racket handle) used in non-professional competitions cannot exceed 27 inches (73.66 cm). Prior to this, the maximum length of rackets used in non-professional competitions was 32 inches (8 1.28 cm). The total width of the frame shall not exceed 12 and 1/2 inches (31.75cm). The total length of threading plane should not exceed 15 and 1/2 inches (39.37 cm), and the total width should not exceed 1 1 and 1/2 inches (29.2 1 cm).

C the racket frame, including the racket handle, cannot have accessories and devices, unless the accessories are only and very clearly used to limit and prevent the abrasion, cracking and vibration of the racket or adjust the weight distribution, and their size and position must be reasonable.