What does craniotomy mean in the exploration of modern history from the middle and late 9th century to the early 20th century?
The modern history of China lasted from the First Opium War 1840 to 1949. The modern history of China is a history of humiliation full of disasters, backwardness and beatings, a history of China people's exploration of saving the country and realizing freedom and democracy, and a history of China people's struggle against aggression, overthrowing imperialism and realizing national liberation and feudalism and people's prosperity.