Professor Zhicheng Deng doesn't believe Du Zhuo's "I have no food or tea". He said in Du Zhuo Chronicle, the second volume of Chronicle of Qing Poetry: "The value of tea is ten times that of grain. If you can get rid of tea, its food is unreasonable! " The intention seems to be that Du Zhuo is just a high-profile tea addict.
Du Zhuo lives in Jinling, on the right side of Jiming Mountain. There are several huts, which provide shelter from the wind and rain, but he lives very quietly. He was poor all his life, especially in his later years. In "Twenty-four Slogans for Poverty Alleviation this Year", Du Zhuo wrote about his hunger and cold at that time, including the situation that he had no food for one day: "Wei Yan has no plan to let a door open, so what should he do?" The youngest son is silent and ashamed. He knows that sex is a boon. (Bet in the poem: "When there is no food, the family will be disappointed. The young girl, Hui Hui, has nothing to say. " ) On one occasion, Wang Renjue, the son of in-laws relatives, visited from afar. Unable to entertain him, I had to exchange my beloved Mr. Shi's anthology for some money and buy rice to cook several meals. This Mid-Autumn Festival, Du Zhuo's family only drank porridge and fell asleep without enjoying the moon. Unexpectedly, the closed door was knocked open. It turned out that Liu Jingting, a famous storyteller, sent someone to send me good wine and 1000 "clams" (copper coins). People left their money and wine and ran away, and Du Zhuo's family immediately drank and enjoyed the moon again. The next day, I saw the cover of Liu Jingting's letter, and eight words were approved: "If someone comes to receive the reward, I will kill it." "I don't know why people ran away that night, and I couldn't help laughing. These 24 slogan poems and annotations vividly record these tragic situations of hunger, which is indeed a record of the real situation.
Wang Shizhen, a great literary master in the early Qing Dynasty, wrote such a thing in Xiangzu Notes. He asked Du Zhuo, "Where are your poems?" Du Zhuo replied: "But I feel that ghosts and gods are singing, but who knows to fill the ravine with an empty stomach?" This can also prove that in some periods, poverty and hunger really seriously threatened Du Zhuo's life.
Du Zhuo was in a difficult situation at that time, but a close friend sent plum blossom slices (produced in Lu 'an and Huoshan, second only to silver needles and silver tongues) and Lingnan yellow ripe incense (a spice) from other places. It can be seen that "I don't want to eat less tea", and some of them are presented by friends from other places. These friends didn't know that Du Zhuo had been hungry all day, otherwise it wouldn't be like this.
Du Zhuo's "no shortage of food, no shortage of tea" is not empty talk. When he was rich, there were ten tin tea bottles, large and small, that collected famous teas at home. At this time, I had to turn a blind eye and let my family exchange it for wheat to make a living. At that time, although some "tea was ten times more expensive than grain", many of them were cheap ordinary tea. There is a story of "Li Keshan drinking tea with guests" in the food category of Qing Li Banknotes. Describing Guo Li, a Buyi nationality in Changzhou (now Suzhou, Jiangsu), as "drudgery mechanics, hungry chanting, disobedience of Chai Su, and happiness". "When a good friend comes and needs to ask a child to take a dollar, he will splash tea at the milk tea shop and have a drink." . This kind of tea for two people at a small price will never be higher than the price of vegetables. Volume 11 of Yangzhou Original Boat Record also records that when Du Zhuo arrived in Yangzhou, he often had a heart-to-heart talk with Liu Jingting's "Joe Old Tea Table" selling tea in Chang Di. This "Joe's old tea table" seems to be a small open-air tea room. "There is a big tea set, and it is covered with iron sheets, a small neck and dozens of short bamboos." And clearly indicate that its tea price is "two yuan per bowl of tea". The price of this kind of tea seems to be lower than that of food.
Du Zhuo once lived a rich life and had high standards and habits of tea tasting. Originally, even if he drank good tea such as Longjing, it was only "first ripe" and "World War I" (many people still used the ancient habit of making tea instead of brewing it), and then discarded it. In "Tea Mourning", Du Zhuo said that he had heard people say that "after a strong man, the road to poverty is sinister, ... dying of thirst, asking for a horse can't be obtained." Then he suddenly regretted it. "The crime of fighting violence with violence is almost irreparable." From then on, he felt that "the tea should be boiled again" ... it had a aftertaste. Moreover, he wrote Hua Zhong earlier than Lin Daiyu, and flowers are just "fun for eyes and ears". For tea, after drinking it, he "cleaned it up and put it in a clean place." At the end of each year, it is called Chashan. He also polished the inscription and wrote, "Stone can be broken, which means that it may crack according to its texture." ) is endless. "I deeply miss these waste tea leaves.
Du Zhuo has a poem "The Happiness of Tea", and the preface of his poem praises the function of tea. In his Ode to Tea, there is nothing to quench thirst, nor is there anything to refresh and relieve boredom in general. He just said, "My husband talks about the four wonderful things about tea: lightness, quietness, spirit and distance. It is used to bathe my roots, beautify my wisdom, change my smell and guide me. " All belong to the category of spiritual culture.
"foresight" shows profundity and profundity. In the biography of Han Yang Xiong, Yang Xiong said that he was "taciturn, good at profound and profound". "Chu Ci Evokes Soul" says: "Zhanjiang is full of water and wind." "War" also expresses a heavy meaning. "Nine Chapters of Mourning in the Songs of Chu" says: "Loyal ministers look forward to making progress."
"Quiet" shows Jing Ya and seclusion. Liu Zongyuan said in Dongshan, longxing temple, Yongzhou: "The shadow is beautiful." This pleasing environment will make everyone linger.
"Spirit" implies gods, spirituality, spirituality and other connotations. But the most important thing is to describe inspiration-a mysterious state of mind; My mind is highly concentrated, my mind is surging silently, and suddenly my unique creative ability appears, which makes me easily get the answers to confusing questions. It's easy to keep up with a bunch of messy thoughts, and beautiful sentences in poetry will flow like spring water.
"Far" refers to distant distance, prospect, distance and travel in space. In the concept of time, it refers to ancient and distant times. Spiritually, it means far-sighted and far-reaching. People often say: "Indifferent to your ambition, quiet and far-reaching." In other words, "tranquility" can make people leave the place where they stand, look at all times and at home and abroad, and wander where they want to reach.
The color, fragrance and taste of tea can make people enter the situation of "looking", "swimming", "ling" and "far away". The silent feeling after drinking tea can make the human body feel more comfortable and fun in these situations.
Du Zhuo thinks that these four words haven't fully written out his beautiful feelings, so he further adds: "Bathe my roots, beautify my wisdom, change my smell and guide my dreams." The root organ is the root of metaphor. Du Zhuo here extends to the foundation and essence of his knowledge and intelligence. This paper describes the washing of tea, refreshing these foundations and essences, making them glow and give full play to their functions. "Beauty and wisdom", that is, all wishes and wisdom, can achieve perfect freedom in drinking tea. Change My Smell can be said to have changed what I see and hear in my daily life. After drinking tea, all the worldly troubles disappeared without a trace and entered the extraordinary world of indifference, tranquility and elegance. Everything, scenery, language, etc. All appear in a new and unique way. "Changing my knowledge and experience" can also be said to be a leap from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge, expanding and improving my vision and hearing. "Ghost" originally refers to a dark and quiet place. Here, drinking tea can lead you to the realm of "there is a world that is not human" (Li Bai's question and answer in the mountains) and discard endless troubles; Isn't it the greatest pleasure to read your favorite books and write your favorite poems?
Du Zhuo loves tea, and wrote many tea poems, which make people never tire of reading them. His poem "Tea with Taoist Park in Luomu Temple" seems to appreciate his spiritual outlook on Simiao tea: "Bitter tea has a good life, and all teachers are here." The green water is endless, and the white heads are United. Mountains and moons are brighter than light, and scattered winds blow deeper. Huang Peng knew that drinking was just right, and the branches brought good news. "In this poem, you can express the beauty, quietness, spirit and distance of drinking tea." The green water is endless, and the white heads are concentric "wrote charming scenery and profound tea friendship. There are more in this world than in this world. I admire myself in There is Another World. Shanyue, Song Feng, Huang Peng and so on. , all changed the quality of their tea tasting and gave them new anthropomorphic ideas. Under the influence of drinking tea, they merged together. Those who are "brighter than light", "blowing deeper", "knowing how to drink" and "delivering good news" all make people feel deep and comfortable, quiet and proud, inspiring and ambitious. According to China's Poetics, Du Zhuo's poems are all ordinary things. "Others unexpected, passing by the tea house will feel full of humor. His talent is high and his pen is wonderful. "
Du Zhuo's Four Absolutely Tea Theory is an appropriate summary of his tea drinking and a high generalization of the traditional tea drinking culture in China. This "four unique skills of tea" is also the real reason why Du Zhuo became a tea-loving poet.