Etiology of diabetes
1, genetic factors
1 type or type 2 diabetes mellitus has obvious genetic heterogeneity. Diabetes has a tendency of family onset. 1/4 ~ 1/2 patients have a family history of diabetes. At least 60 genetic syndromes can be associated with diabetes.
There are many DNA loci involved in the pathogenesis of 1 diabetes, among which the polymorphism of DQ locus of HLA antigen gene is the most closely related. Many obvious gene mutations have been found in type 2 diabetes, such as insulin gene, insulin receptor gene, glucokinase gene and mitochondrial gene.
2. Environmental factors
Obesity caused by overeating and decreased physical activity are the most important environmental factors of type 2 diabetes, which makes individuals with genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes prone to illness. 1 The immune system of diabetic patients is abnormal. After being infected by Coxsackie virus, rubella virus, parotid virus and other viruses, it leads to autoimmune reaction and destroys insulin β cells.
Extended data
The full name of chronic disease is chronic non-infectious disease, not a specific disease, but a general name for a class of diseases with hidden onset, long course, prolonged course, lack of exact evidence of infectious biological etiology, complex etiology and some diseases that have not been fully diagnosed. Common chronic diseases mainly include cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases, and its cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases include hypertension, stroke and coronary heart disease.
The harm of chronic diseases mainly causes damage to important organs such as brain, heart and kidney, which easily leads to disability, affects work ability and quality of life, and medical expenses are extremely expensive, increasing the economic burden of society and families.
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