brief introduction
The Battle of Ming and Yuan Dynasties was a series of wars in which Zhu Yuanzhang, the great ancestor of Ming Dynasty, sent troops to the north to end the rule of Yuan Dynasty. After Zhu Yuanzhang basically wiped out the southern heroes, in order to completely overthrow the Yuan Dynasty, he basically wiped out the opportunity of the main force of the Yuan Dynasty by using the Red Scarf Army. In October of the 27th year of Zheng Zhi (1367), Xu Da and Chang Yuchun were ordered to lead 250,000 troops in the Northern Expedition. Zhu Yuanzhang's army entered the Yellow River from Huaihe River, connecting Huai 'an, Shouguang, Linzi and Gaoyuan. All the counties in Shandong are owned by Zhu Yuanzhang's army.
In the first month of the first year of Hongwu (the 28th year of Zheng Zheng, 1368), Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor Jianming. In April, its Northern Expeditionary Army captured the Central Plains in an all-round way, and in July, it captured Tongzhou. Yuan Shundi had to take his family and court officials to the capital to continue the rule of the Yuan Dynasty, which was known as the Northern Yuan Dynasty. On August 2nd, Xu Dashi entered Dadu, and the Northern Expedition won a great victory, and the Yuan Dynasty perished.
background
At the end of Yuan Dynasty, the world was in chaos. Zhu Yuanzhang rose in the Jianghuai area, and his strength continued to grow, gradually establishing political power. In the 27th year of Yuan Dynasty (1367), on October 21st, Zhu Yuanzhang appointed Prime Minister Xu Da as the general and Chang Yuchun as the deputy general, leading 250,000 troops from Huaihe River to Henan and northern expedition to the Central Plains.
process
Wherever the Northern Expeditionary Army went, it did not kill or rob or disturb the people. People in the north launched a movement to expel Land Rover and restore China. People in the north took refuge in the Northern Expedition, so the Northern Expedition went smoothly.
Strategic deployment
The Northern Expedition was divided into three stages. The first stage was commanded by Xu Da, who attacked Shandong first, then turned to Henan and occupied Tongguan. In the second stage, Hebei and the capital of the Yuan Dynasty were captured and the Yuan Dynasty was destroyed. In the third stage, the main force attacked Shanxi from the south and decided to complete the reunification of the north.
Northern Expedition Yuan Dynasty
In April of the first year of Hongwu (1368), Xu Da and Chang Yuchun led a great army, successively pacified Shandong and Henan, and occupied Tongguan at the same time, so most areas of the Yuan Dynasty were isolated. So Zhu Yuanzhang went to the capital of song dynasty (now Kaifeng, Henan province) in may of the same year to discuss with the northern expeditionary army the matter of destroying yuan. Later, Xu Da personally led troops to cross the river and captured Handan and other areas in Hebei.
After the Northern Expeditionary Army arrived in Linqing, it joined forces with various armies and went hand in hand. In August of the same year, the Ming army conquered the Yuan Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty perished. Yuan Shundi fled to Shangdu, known as Beiyuan in history. In the same year 10, Zhu Yuanzhang told Yuan Shundi and his son to submit to him, but he didn't get a reply from Beiyuan. Zhu Yuanzhang also treated the former site of the old official of the Yuan Dynasty with courtesy, appeased the locals in the north, Mongolia, Semu and other places, and ordered the army not to harass the area.
Conquer Shaanxi and Shanxi
However, the strength of Beiyuan, who fled to the Mongolian plateau, still posed a certain threat to the Ming Dynasty. The remnants of the Yuan Dynasty were also distributed in Shangdu, Liaodong, Qin Long, Yunnan and other places, while Sichuan also had the Ming and Xia regimes of Ming Sheng. In December of the first year of Hongwu (1368), Xu Da led a great army to conquer Taiyuan, Datong and other places in one fell swoop, forcing Yuan to flee to Gansu, and Shanxi belonged to the Ming Dynasty. In March of the second year of Hongwu (1369), the Ming army invaded Shaanxi Guanzhong and other places.
When Xi 'an and Fengxiang were conquered, Ethan Siqi led hundreds of thousands of people to Lintao. Zhu Yuanzhang wrote to Li Siqi asking him to surrender. On the other hand, Sheng Feng led an army to attack him, and Li Siqi was forced to surrender. In May of the same year, Xu Da pushed Pingliang and Yan 'an. In the eastern part of Lanzhou, the elite troops of Wang Baobao, the main force of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, were completely annihilated. In June, Chang Yuchun returned to Peiping, occupied Shangdu, and Yuan Shundi fled to Yingchang in the north. In August, Xu Da conquered Qingyang, killed Zhang and occupied Shaanxi.
March to the northwest
In the second year of Hongwu (1369), the Northern Yuan attacked Yuanzhou, Jingzhou, Datong and other places, all of which were repelled by the Ming army. In the third year of Hongwu (1370), Yuan Shundi died, and the prince loved Reed Lala. Zhu Yuanzhang, citing Wang Baobao's repeated harassment of the northwest, appointed Xu Da as the general of the conquest, and Li Wenzhong, Shengfeng, Deng Yu and Tanghe as the deputy generals, and divided their forces to attack.
He successively conquered Dingxi, Xinghe, Yingchang and other places, defeated and expanded the army, and captured more than 86,000 soldiers such as Yong Wang and Pingzhang. Yuan Sijun loved Li Dala and fled to the north. Deng Yu led an army to attack Hezhou from Lintao, appeasing the Tubo ministries on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, so the Dogan and Uszang ministries west of Hezhou joined the Ming Dynasty one after another.
In the first month of the fifth year of Hongwu (1372), Zhu Yuanzhang ordered Xu Da and others to concentrate on riding a 150,000-branch road to explore the North Yuan. Xu Da led the Central Route Army into the Mongolian Plateau, but it was raided by soldiers of the Northern Yuan Dynasty, killing and injuring more than 10,000 people and retreating beyond the Great Wall. The East Route Army led by Li Wenzhong also fell and returned to the territory of the Ming Dynasty; Only Sheng Feng and Fu Youde's marked army won, captured Ganzhou and Lanzhou, defeated the remaining Beiyuan soldiers in Guazhou and Shazhou, and controlled the whole territory of Gansu.
So Zhu Yuanzhang temporarily stopped the military offensive and launched a political offensive. He also strengthened border defense, set up health stations, built the Great Wall, reclaimed land and defended the border. Since then, although the North Yuan soldiers harassed the border many times, they were also countered by the Ming army, and they dared not go deep into the territory of the Ming Dynasty, which basically controlled the situation in the northwest. From the 13th year of Hongwu (1380) to the 29th year of Hongwu (1396), the Ming Dynasty attacked Beiyuan six times. The Lord of the Northern Yuan Dynasty was killed by his men, and the rest were scattered. The regime of the Northern Yuan Dynasty basically perished and the rule of the Ming Dynasty was consolidated.
evaluate
The battle to destroy the Yuan Dynasty was a strategic decision of the Ming Dynasty's battle to destroy the Yuan Dynasty, which basically conformed to typical war cases, overthrew the rule of the Yuan Dynasty and established the Ming Dynasty's rule over all China.
anecdote
Deliberately released Yuan Di: 1368 In July, the troops of Xu Da's Northern Expedition arrived in Tongzhou, Hebei Province, which was only a day or two away from the capital of the Yuan Dynasty. Paradoxically, however, Xu Da, the commander of the Northern Expedition, stayed in Tongzhou for seven days and did nothing. Seven days is enough time for Yuan Shundi to escape. Yuan Shundi seemed to understand each other, so he opened the door of Jiande in the middle of the night and ran away. Then, for the first time, Xu Da's army arrived late.
The second time happened in Kaiping, which is the northern bank of the Lightning River in Zhenglan Banner, Inner Mongolia today, the capital of the Yuan Dynasty. Xu Da's army came lazily. Enemy at the Gates, the army of the Ming Dynasty, seemed like a turtle in a jar, but Xu Da deliberately left a hole in the encirclement. Yuan Shundi seemed to understand what Mr Xu meant and ran away again. This is the second time.
Killing Tartars on August 15th: On August 15th of the lunar calendar, every family eats moon cakes. There is a legend. It is related to a serious political theme in history-killing Tartars on August 15th.