There are scenic spots such as Chairman Mao's former residence, Gun School, Jiulongquan and Nanniwan Production Exhibition Hall for Chinese and foreign people to visit and study.
Nanniwan is the birthplace of Yan 'an Spirit and China Agricultural Reclamation.
1941March, the 359th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army led by Brigadier General Wang Zhen launched a famous large-scale production movement in Nanniwan.
1965 10 In order to restore and carry forward the revolutionary tradition of Nanniwan farming, the Shaanxi provincial government decided to set up the Shaanxi Agricultural Construction Division 14 1 group, which is now called Nanniwan Farm in Yan 'an City, Shaanxi Province.
At present, the farm has 13 economic entities, such as Agricultural Company, Agricultural Reclamation Comprehensive Service Company, Agricultural Reclamation Guanghua Timber Factory, Longquan Petroleum Development Co., Ltd. and Shaanxi Zhongtian Spice Co., Ltd., as well as two institutions: branch schools and hospitals. The total population is 1579, including 483 employees. The total land area is 23,000 mu, including 4 100 mu of cultivated land. The main crops are corn and rice, and the cash crops are perilla, Chinese herbal medicines and fruits.
In the past, due to various historical reasons, the farm has not changed the poverty situation of debt management since 1977. In order to change this poverty situation, Nanniwan Farm was included in 1993- 1995 poverty alleviation development and construction project with a total investment of 8 million yuan. Over the past few years, through the joint efforts of the broad masses of workers and cadres, the project construction has been basically completed, mainly including: (1) the reconstruction and expansion project of Guanghua Wood Factory. Transform the factory building 1.900 square meters, purchase large and medium-sized machinery, and form the annual production capacity of processing 3000 cubic meters of wood. (2) Construction of fishery base. 374.3 mu of fish ponds have been built, forming an annual fresh fish production capacity of 100 tons. (3) the construction of children's schools. The new investment is/kloc-0.08 million yuan, the school building is 5269.7 square meters, and some desks and chairs, books and instruments are added, so that the number of teaching classes reaches 12, which can accommodate more than 500 primary and secondary school students.
With the implementation of the above projects, the basic conditions of Nanniwan Farm have been improved, the economic benefits have been significantly improved, and the mental outlook of employees has also undergone great changes.
In order to completely change the poverty situation of the farm, 1995, the Yan 'an Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government decided to set up a follow-up project to build the poverty alleviation and development base of Nanniwan Farm. Mainly do seven projects:
Construction of10.5 million mu economic base. The total investment is 2187,500 yuan. In the early stage, the annual output of almonds was 6,543,800 kilograms, the output value was 6,543,800 yuan, and the profit and tax were 5,250,000 yuan.
2, commodity cattle and sheep base construction. Including grassland, basic cattle, beef cattle fattening plant, animal husbandry and veterinary station and other projects, with a total investment of 35 1 10,000 yuan. After completion, it can produce 20 tons of pure wool and 0/.60 tons of beef and mutton/kloc-0 per year, with an output value of 3.78 million yuan and a profit and tax of 2.862 million yuan.
3. Construction of feed processing plants. This project is a supporting project for the construction of commercial cattle and sheep base. The total investment is 790,000 yuan, and the annual processing capacity is 1 10,000 tons. After the project is completed and put into production, the annual output value is 1.62 million yuan, and the profit and tax are 500,000 yuan.
4. Food processing and construction. Including pasta processing and juice beverage production lines, as well as supporting computer rooms, storage rooms, transportation equipment, etc. The annual production capacity is 300 tons of pasta, 300 tons of concentrated juice and 6543.8+000 tons of products in stock, with a total investment of 2.579 million yuan. After the project is completed, the annual output value can reach 4 1.20 million yuan, and the profit and tax 1.77 million yuan.
5. Nanniwan Reclamation Area Tourism Project. Including the restoration and protection of Comrade Mao Zedong's former residence, 359 Brigade Headquarters and Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery, with a total development area of 15km2, a total construction area of 2,000 square meters and a total investment of 2.364 million yuan.
6. Oil development. At present, 8 wells have been drilled/kloc-0, with an annual output of 3,500 tons of crude oil. It is planned to drill 65,438+000 wells by 2002, with an annual output of 25,000 tons of crude oil.
7. The construction project of Shaanxi Zhongtian Spice Co., Ltd. plans to produce 8 tons of pharmaceutical intermediates such as perilla extract and acanthopanax senticosus extract, and perilla oil 1.8 tons per year.
The implementation of the follow-up projects will definitely accelerate the development of farm economy, completely change the poverty, and make the former "northern Shaanxi is good in the south of the Yangtze River" once again become a star enterprise of agricultural reclamation with economic prosperity and high material and cultural civilization.
It is the urgent desire of the workers and staff in Nanniwan to develop and build Nanniwan well and make its economic development commensurate with its historical position, and it is also the wish of Yan 'an people and party and state leaders. We sincerely hope that all sectors of society will continue to care for and support the development of Nanniwan and bridge the gap for the opening of Nanniwan. We sincerely welcome Chinese and foreign businessmen and people from all walks of life to visit Nanniwan, invest in cooperative development, set up industries and strive to develop Nanniwan.
The Southern Anhui Incident shocked China and foreign countries. Mao Zedong condemned the Kuomintang in his "Orders and Talks about the Southern Anhui Incident": ... He wanted to "suppress * * *" by ending the war of resistance with the so-called Sino-Japanese alliance. Replace the war of resistance with civil war, replace independence with surrender, replace unity with division, and replace darkness with light ... The road tells us that it is shocking. There is no crisis like today.
At the same time of the Kuomintang blockade, the Japanese army is also implementing the policy of netting and nibbling. In order to counter this, on August 20th, 1940, Peng led the troops of 22 regiments of the Eighth Route Army, and under the cover of "green tents", unexpectedly dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese transportation network in North China. Three weeks later, more troops joined the war, reaching a total of 104 regiment.
The Hundred Regiments Battle lasted more than five months, and the Eighth Route Army fought 1824 times, killing, capturing and defecting Japanese puppet troops 4 1480 people. In addition, a large number of military materials were seized and destroyed.
1970 Peng recalled that this campaign killed two birds with one stone: it not only countered the public opinion attack of the Kuomintang criticizing the * * * production party for "swimming without fighting", but also proved the failure of the Japanese prison policy and the nibbling policy.
The Japanese army then raided the base areas, and the Kuomintang also implemented a blockade policy. The survival of the border government is becoming increasingly difficult, and Yan' an ushered in the most difficult years of the eight-year anti-Japanese war. The soldiers and civilians have almost reached the point where they have no clothes to wear, no oil to eat, no shoes and socks, and no quilts. Even Mao Zedong gave a speech at the meeting, dressed in patched clothes.
Facing the increasingly difficult economic situation, Mao Zedong launched a large-scale production campaign in Yan 'an: he took the lead in setting an example, personally opened up wasteland under the office building in Yang Jialing and planted vegetables such as peppers and tomatoes; Zhu De carries a laundry list and collects manure everywhere; Zhou Enlai soon became an expert in spinning.
194 1 March, the 359th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army, led by Wang Zhen, entered Nanniwan, south of Yan 'an, to open up wasteland for farming. After several years of hard work, the soldiers turned the deserted Nanniwan into "the south of northern Shaanxi, where crops and cattle and sheep are everywhere, and the south of Jiangnan".
Yan 'an "Great Production Movement" achieved miraculous success. Only from 194 1 to 1942, the border area * * * reclaimed wasteland/kloc-0.8 million mu, increasing grain production by 470,000 tons. From 65438 to 0942, there were 62 public factories in the border area, with an annual output of 65438+ million pieces of homespun, which could be used for ironmaking, oil refining, machinery repair and weapons and ammunition manufacturing.
By 1944, the base area had successfully passed through the difficult period, with the permanent population growing to 80 million, the army to 470,000 and the militia to 2.27 million, which became a force to be reckoned with in China's social and political life.
Yan 'an, which is becoming more and more popular, has attracted countless young people who have traveled thousands of miles to defect. According to statistics, during the eight-year Anti-Japanese War, the population moved into the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region reached1860,000, including Ding Ling, Xiao Jun and many other writers, intellectuals, cultural youths, journalists, international fighters and people full of expectations for a new life.
As soon as many people entered Yan 'an, they immediately saw a dynamic new world and a new type of sincere and equal interpersonal relationship, and felt that their choice was correct. Photographer Wu Yinxian recalled:
"The deep and solid loess, the Yanhe River flowing in the east of the city, the towering pagodas on Jialing Mountain and the orderly caves all make me feel fresh. Especially the people here are very happy and simple, and the relationship between people is so harmonious. ..... I was deeply moved. I feel that I am in another world, and that is my dream. "
The border region government was directly elected by all voters to participate in the parliament, organized farmers to vote by "burning incense holes" and "counting peas", and implemented a "three-thirds system" democratic regime according to the theory of new democracy-a third of non-party people, a third of centrists and * * * party member jointly produced the border region government, which also showed the good image of the border region government to the outside world.
These measures have left an excellent impression on the border areas for Chinese and foreign people.
rectification movement
1943, Mao Zedong moved his residence to Zaoyuan, 3 kilometers away from Yan 'an. At this time, it was the climax of Yan 'an rectification movement.
Since Zunyi Conference, the "Left" opportunism and dogmatism represented by Wang Ming have been puzzling the leadership of the Party. On the other hand, from 1937 to 1940, party member's team expanded rapidly, and its number soared by 20 times. There are many illiterate peasants and landlords' children in 800,000 party member, and most of them lack basic Marxist literacy.
The rectification movement was initiated by Mao Zedong. On May 194 1, Mao Zedong made a report on "Transforming Our Learning" at the meeting of senior cadres in Yan 'an, which marked the beginning of the rectification movement. 194 1 was first introduced among senior cadres in September. At that time, the central and base areas set up advanced study groups, and all the central leaders participated. They study documents first, then criticize and self-criticize, and write their own summaries. During the rectification movement, Zhou Enlai alone wrote more than 50,000 words of notes.
The following February 1, the rectification movement began to expand. Mao Zedong announced at the opening ceremony of the Central Party School that in order to "keep the good order of our team" and "advance steadily", rectification must be carried out within the whole Party.
In this four-year-long movement, Mao Zedong made many targeted speeches, such as 1942' s February rectification movement against stereotyped Party writing, and 1944' s April study and the current situation.
This "ideological revolution of the whole party" expected by Mao Zedong passed the Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art, and also swept the literary and art circles in the liberated areas, which had a far-reaching impact on the literary and art undertakings in New China.
This symposium on literature and art was held on May 2nd, 1942. At the symposium on May 23rd, Mao Zedong published the famous "Speech at Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art" slowly, summed up the historical experience of the revolutionary literature and art movement since the May 4th Movement, put forward that literature and art became an integral part of the whole revolutionary machine, and made clear the direction of literature and art serving the workers, peasants and soldiers.
Yan 'an Rectification is a milestone in the history of the Party, an unprecedented Marxist education movement and ideological emancipation movement, which laid an ideological foundation for leading the people of the whole country to win the final victory in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
Compete for the whole country
1944, China * * * production party began to launch a big counterattack in the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines. The Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army have grown to 9 10000, with 2.2 million militiamen, and the population of 19 anti-Japanese base areas is close to 1 100 million.
At the same time, the Kuomintang army was defeated in the battle of Henan, Hunan and Guangxi, losing 600 thousand troops. The national strength has changed, and China's * * * production party saw the hope of going to the whole country for the first time.
When War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was close to victory, Mao Zedong was one step ahead and aimed at the strategic layout of the country. On June 1 65438+1October1day, Mao Zedong ordered Wang Zhen to lead his troops south to establish a base area. Before he left, Mao Zedong analyzed the situation: the Kuomintang was hopeless. The people of China should be liberated and China should be saved. Only * * * producers can help. People all over the country are looking up to us. Therefore, "we must strive to develop ourselves and develop our own strength 100%."
A month later, the South Troops of the New Fourth Army also crossed the river in two ways and returned to the southeast for development.
At the same time of military layout, Mao Zedong began to make preparations ideologically and organizationally.
On April 23rd, 1945, University of China VII was grandly opened in Yang Jialing Central Auditorium. Huge portraits of Mao Zedong and Zhu De are placed with portraits of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin, and the red banner above the rostrum reads "March triumphantly under the banner of Mao Zedong".
It took nearly 50 days before and after the meeting. In the lengthy meeting, Mao Zedong emphasized: "Our * * * production party is now a big party, a party with 24 years of rich experience, and a party ready to win at any time. We want to win in the country, and we have this ambition. "
1On August 8th, 945, the Soviet Union entered the war, and millions of Soviet Red Army entered the northeast of China, which accelerated the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. On August 9th, Mao Zedong issued the "Statement on the Last World War against the Japanese Invaders", calling on the people of China and all anti-Japanese forces to hold a national counterattack and strive for final victory.
After the Soviet Union entered the war, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and others worked day and night. Mao Zedong simply moved his office to the small auditorium of Zaoyuan, surrounded by a circle of long wooden chairs with backrest, where a large number of cadres received instructions, and then quickly went from Yan 'an to all parts of the country.
August 1 1 took the most decisive step. On that day, the troops in the liberated area of Jire Liao quickly went to the northeast. Northeast China is a base of heavy industry, a granary, and abundant troops. Mao Zedong decided to transfer a large number of main forces from the Liberated Area inside Shanhaiguan Pass to the Northeast.
The overall situation in Northeast China has been set, and the defeat of the Kuomintang is inevitable.
1946, the peace talks between the two countries were completely shattered, and the Kuomintang army launched an all-out attack on the liberated areas. On March 7th of the following year, Dong, the representative of China in Nanjing, returned to Yan 'an, and the second cooperation between the two countries came to an end in 10.
The war is gone, and now the red capital Yan 'an is full of the breath of life: there are crowds in front of large supermarkets and shopping plazas, taxi drivers twist their waists with the music rhythm of Stupid Children, fashionable men and women flirt unscrupulously in the streets, and boys wait for barbecue beer to guess their fists in the night market.
On August 25th, in Yang Jialing, a group of Beijing tourists took the party flag oath in front of the site of the Seventh Congress of the Communist Party of China. At the gate of Yan 'an Revolutionary Memorial Hall, tourists stand in front of the bronze statue of Mao Zedong and take photos. In Zaoyuan, several old people lingered in front of the cave where Mao Zedong lived for a long time, and the female commentator in military uniform was telling the story of that year. In the sun, everything is as warm as ever.
Pay tribute to the pioneers! ! ! ! ! ! ! !