In recent years, with the reform of the medical system, the opportunities for clinical practice of stomatological students are limited, and the opportunities for per capita diagnosis and treatment of stomatological students are obviously reduced. What's more difficult is that because patients' awareness of rights protection is getting stronger and stronger, the requirements for doctors are getting higher and higher, and internship opportunities for interns are even rarer. In this situation, it is very important for students who are new to stomatology to improve their ability to communicate with patients, gain their trust, establish a good doctor-patient relationship, create a good learning atmosphere, and ensure that patients are treated by interns. This paper puts forward some experiences on how to improve students' communication ability, hoping to help clinical teaching in the future.
First, the current problems in clinical teaching:
The modern medical model has gradually changed from the original biomedical model to the bio-psychological-social medical model. With the change of medical model and the deepening of people's understanding of health, people have higher requirements for medical services, and they need more psychological and social medical services. People's demand for health is not limited to physiology, but also longing for psychological and spiritual health, hoping to get humanistic care and humanistic care. This requires not only improving the technical quality of doctors, but also improving the humanistic quality of doctors.
On the other hand, students who have just come into contact with stomatology generally lack the application ability of clinical medical knowledge, can't combine the theoretical knowledge they have learned with clinical practice, lack practical experience and therefore lack self-confidence, lack the adaptability of doctors' roles, can't properly solve practical problems and lack communication skills training, which affects the relationship between interns and patients and makes normal clinical teaching practice unable to proceed smoothly.
Second, the countermeasures to solve the above problems
First of all, a solid theoretical foundation is the premise of communication with patients. For stomatologists, they should not only have perfect basic theoretical knowledge, but also have the ability to comprehensively analyze problems. Take pulp disease as an example, most patients complain of pain. Without the necessary basic theoretical knowledge of dental pulp disease, it is difficult to make a correct diagnosis of the disease by understanding the location, time and nature of pain, and of course it is impossible to choose the correct treatment method. If there is no solid and reliable theoretical foundation, when encountering difficulties, there will often be nervous, flustered and unconfident phenomena in the language. These performances usually make patients' trust in interns greatly reduced. The way to solve this problem is to ask students to correct their thinking and take it seriously in the internship stage, review basic theoretical knowledge more in their spare time, choose experienced senior teachers to teach on the basis of solid theoretical knowledge, and train interns through examples. Teachers should strive to cultivate students' self-confidence and calm attitude.
Secondly, in order to improve patients' trust in interns, we must pay attention to the external image of interns. Although the overall external image is a non-professional skill factor, it also affects patients' trust in doctors. In clinical practice, interns should be instructed to adapt to the role of doctors quickly, with a serious attitude, neat clothes and hats, sincere conversation, generous manners and orderly work tables, so as to establish a good first impression in front of patients and establish communication with patients as soon as possible.
Third, pay attention to the ways and skills of communication between interns and patients.
In the communication between dentists and patients, both doctors and patients focus on the theme of oral health, and different ways and skills should be mastered at different stages.
Pre-consultation: Both doctors and patients often focus on some performance information, such as their clothes, expressions, age, appearance, speech and attitude. Once the influence is formed, it will have a lasting impact on their attitude. At this stage, open-ended questions should be asked by asking medical history. That is to say, we can't answer questions with closed answers such as yes or no, so that patients can have a certain range of answers and urge them to express their questions in their own language, thus establishing an atmosphere of encouraging communication and effective environmental conditions for continuous communication, obtaining information about oral diseases and patients' needs and obtaining patients' cooperation.
Mid-communication: Patients feel that they don't know how to describe a problem, and at this time, dentists should use heuristic words to inspire and induce. Stomatologists should avoid unilaterally playing a leading role in the conversation, making the conversation between the two sides consistent, thus causing patients' disgust or disgust. Instead, we should take the form of discussion, not only listen carefully to each other's opinions, but also fully express our own views. In communication, patients often use more non-medical terms and local words, and their expressions are not exact, which requires dentists to properly analyze and sort them out and convert them into certain oral medical terms for record and diagnosis.
At the end of communication: the dentist should say something comforting and considerate, and should not suddenly interrupt the conversation or leave the patient for no reason, so as not to make the patient have doubts. Stomatologists should avoid using too many stomatological terms to make patients understand as much as possible when they further inquire about diseases or make explanatory analysis or explain relevant treatment precautions.
Fourth, use nonverbal communication.
Common problems in communication make it difficult for patients to understand what dentists say, especially when discussing the causes of oral diseases, oral treatment methods and oral treatment effects, some visual tools can be used to help patients understand, and photos and slides can be used as auxiliary means to record and treat oral patients, explain treatment and restoration plans, and communicate with patients. Using books or manuals, this paper systematically introduces the treatment steps of oral cases, the advantages and disadvantages of various alternative oral treatment methods and repair materials, as well as matters needing attention, so as to facilitate patients to inquire at any time. Using video to describe patients' oral health is easy to increase patients' acceptance of oral treatment and restoration. Using dental research model or restoration model to study, communicate, diagnose and formulate treatment plan with patients is mainly to let patients directly know the conditions of their teeth, the shape and position of the teeth of the prosthesis, and the expected effect of oral treatment and restoration. Using computer imaging technology opens up a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases, which can simulate the changes of the size, shape, color and arrangement of teeth and extract data at any time when necessary.
Fifth, in the process of diagnosis, treatment and restoration, the communication process between dentists and patients includes listening, feeling, establishing relationships and persuading.
Listening: it is the basis of communication between people and the active process of selecting, summarizing and reconstructing the information heard. It is an important method to judge patients' requirements and explanations. Listening requires listeners to distinguish the real information from the background.
Emotional involvement: this is a special way of listening, that is, it can respond to the emotional changes of patients when listening. There are certain skills: on the one hand, to understand patients from the perspective of a third party without losing their own characteristics and objective standards; On the other hand, feedback this understanding to help patients solve problems. The purpose is to arouse feelings that are not conducive to medical treatment.
Establishing relationship: establishing a harmonious doctor-patient relationship is conducive to the smooth progress of oral medical treatment and restoration. This relationship is mutual honesty, trust and defensible mentality. Only when the defense consciousness is lifted can there be comprehensive communication of information, emotion and personality. The methods of establishing relationship include talking about some private affairs, avoiding using technical language, and using some humorous techniques to find similarities between the two sides, so as to effectively convince patients and express the rights of dentists in a timely and decisive manner.
Persuasion: By persuading the other party to change their attitude or impress the other party to make them act, the persuaded party can understand and appreciate it without feeling used. The principles of persuading others include convincing others with reason, moving people with emotion and reducing resistance. In the process of persuading the other party to change their attitude, leave some room for yourself. The purpose of leaving room is not to take responsibility, but to understand each other better.
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