First, the advantages of steel structure and the inevitability of its application
Steel structure residence refers to the residence with steel structure as the main load-bearing structure and light building wall materials as the enclosure structure. As the main representative of green building, steel structure residence has excellent properties such as light weight, fast construction speed, good performance, energy saving, material saving, water saving, land saving and earthquake resistance. Usually, all kinds of building components are made of steel, such as steel beams, steel columns and steel trusses. , and assembled into a complete structural system through welds, bolts or rivets, and then built with new materials such as lightweight wallboard or energy-saving brick as the peripheral wall. At present, the state strongly advocates the development of energy-saving and land-saving housing and promotes the industrialization of housing. Especially in some large and medium-sized cities, it is more necessary to solve the actual situation of land and money and meet people's higher requirements for living space and living environment. People pay more and more attention to the beauty of buildings and the uniqueness of layout while pursuing comfort. In addition, low-carbon economy has become a new trend of global economic development, and it has also been highly valued in China. To sum up, under such a big background and situation, steel structure came into being with its unique advantages and was widely used. At the same time, through flexible design, it is the best choice to realize special-shaped buildings with steel structures. Steel structure building has high bearing capacity, good sealing, less materials than traditional structure, easy to dismantle and high recovery rate. In addition, energy-saving bricks, fire-retardant coatings and other environmental protection materials are mostly used in the outer wall of the building, which greatly reduces the high risk caused by steel pollution and conforms to the national environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction policies. At the same time, the adoption of steel structure in super-high-rise and super-long-span buildings conforms to the concept of sustainable development, which can alleviate the contradiction between large population and small land, expand people's living space and improve people's quality of life.
Second, the concept of green building. Building construction activities have destroyed the harmony and balance between the environment to a certain extent. In recent years, environmental protection, as a hot topic, runs through various industries, and low-carbon life's awareness of environmental protection has been continuously strengthened. It is required that every process of building formation, including building materials, building construction and building use, should reduce the use of fossil energy, improve energy efficiency and continuously reduce carbon dioxide emissions, which has gradually become the mainstream trend of the construction industry. As a green building steel structure, its construction technology is more in line with environmental protection requirements. Compared with traditional building activities, green building is an integral part of the whole life cycle of green building, which was put forward with the popularization of the concept of green building. Green construction refers to the use of scientific management methods and advanced technology to save resources to the maximum extent, reduce the negative impact of construction activities on the environment, and meet the requirements of land saving, energy saving, water saving, material saving, environmental protection and comfort. Green building, like green building, is based on the concept of sustainable development and is the embodiment of the concept of sustainable development in architecture.
Third, steel structures are suitable for green buildings. On the basis of the design scheme, fully consider the requirements of green construction, and optimize it in combination with the construction environment and conditions. Including the following links: construction planning, material procurement, on-site construction, project acceptance, etc. Management and supervision should be strengthened at all stages to ensure the smooth progress of construction activities.
1. Qualification examination examines the construction organization design of on-site assembly, hoisting and installation of the construction unit, focusing on the lifting capacity of construction hoisting machinery, construction technical measures, verticality control methods and roof truss shape control measures. The special hoisting method should have a detailed process plan. Review the welding procedure qualification report, welder qualification certificate and employee qualification certificate of the construction unit, including the welding joint form, welding method and material coverage, welding method, location and validity period of the welder qualification certificate in the welding procedure qualification report, all of which must meet the requirements of construction specifications, and it is strictly forbidden to work without a license. Welders must hold all-position welding certificates.
2. Architectural design should emphasize "green conceptual design" in the whole process of steel structure design, which is particularly important in the stage of structural selection and layout. In the design of steel structure, the design ideas should be obtained according to the mechanical relationship between the whole structural system and subsystems, earthquake damage, failure mechanism, experimental phenomena and engineering experience. For some problems that are difficult to make accurate and rational analysis or are not stipulated in the specification, the layout and specific measures of the control structure should be determined from a global perspective. In addition, the structural layout should meet the requirements of green energy saving, low-carbon environmental protection and reasonable layout as far as possible in the design, and besides elastic design, the elastic-plastic story displacement should be calculated. In the design, according to the computer design program in the early stage, all components can be manufactured and assembled according to the production standards in the later stage, which perfectly combines design and manufacture, enriches architectural style and improves construction efficiency.
3. The cost budget should first reduce the material loss. It is necessary to ensure the effective use of various materials and put an end to the waste caused by unreasonable use of raw materials. Secondly, we should strengthen quota management. Before construction, the budget quota of each type of work and each part is calculated by the project budgeter, and then the professional builder assigns tasks to each construction team according to the budget quota, so that each staff member can understand the construction objectives, closely combine the economic benefits with the workers' labor, and fully mobilize the workers' labor enthusiasm.
4. Construction methods In the installation and protection of steel structures, a scientific and effective guarantee system and operation specifications should be established. During construction, it is necessary to ensure that all steel members are installed, so that they have spatial rigidity and reliable stability. Before installation, full preparations should be made, including clearing the site, building roads, transporting components, placing components, stacking, assembling, reinforcing, checking and cleaning, marking lines and preparing lifting tools. In addition, the installation and measurement of steel structure is a key process in steel structure engineering, which is related to the quality of the whole project. The main contents of the survey include: re-survey of the foundation points handed over by civil engineering procedures, verticality control of steel columns after installation; Settlement observation.
5, safety management to carry out the national labor protection policy, strictly implement the relevant safety and civilized construction management system and regulations of construction enterprises. Clarify the responsibility for safety construction, implement the system of "whoever is responsible for construction", assign the responsibility to people, and implement it layer by layer, so as to effectively implement the safety construction. Strengthen the publicity of safety construction, hang slogans and warning signs in prominent positions on the construction site to remind construction personnel; Construction personnel should wear safety helmets when entering the construction site; Construction machines and tools, machinery should be routinely inspected before use every day, especially steel wire ropes and safety belts should be inspected once a week to ensure that they are in good condition.
6. Equipment Selection The construction unit should try to choose equipment with high performance, low noise and less pollution. Standard separation facilities should be set between the construction area and the non-construction area. The hot water boiler used in the construction site must use clean fuel. In the urban area (within the residential area 1 1,000m), diesel impact pile drivers, vibration pile drivers, rotary pile drivers and diesel generators are prohibited. It is forbidden to knock and drill pipes, control high noise pollution, and comprehensively utilize construction waste.
7. Environmental protection In order to achieve the purpose of green construction, first of all, before building a mobile home on site, relevant procedures should be obtained according to the requirements of the planning department to ensure that the materials used to build the facilities meet the specifications. After the completion of the project, a legally qualified demolition company should be selected to dismantle the temporary facilities. Secondly, the construction unit or construction unit should take corresponding measures to block groundwater from entering the construction area and limit construction precipitation. Finally, it is necessary to control the construction dust and maintain the harmony of the building environment. In addition to these, the construction unit should also do a good job in the green transportation of muck, reduce the sound and light emission, and ensure that the construction activities meet the requirements of green construction.
Fourth, the energy-saving advantages of steel structure buildings
Steel structure shows unique advantages in building energy saving. Because of the adoption of new wall materials, at least 50% of energy can be saved. At the same time, steel structure residence has the characteristics of high bearing capacity per unit volume, convenient production and installation, short construction period, good seismic performance, easy reconstruction and demolition, high recycling rate of materials, and it is a "green industry" with harmonious and sustainable development between man and nature.
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