The basic situation of the July 7th Incident
The July 7th Incident refers to the incident in which the Japanese invaders attacked Wanping County and the defenders of China in Lugouqiao on the grounds that a missing soldier tried to search in Wanping County, which was also called Lugouqiao Incident.
1On the night of July 7, 937, the Japanese army in Lugouqiao held a so-called military exercise near the military position in China without notifying the local authorities, falsely claiming that a Japanese soldier was missing and asked to search in wanping county (now Lugouqiao Town) in the southwest of Beiping. China's defender rejected this unreasonable request. The Japanese army began to attack the China garrison and shelled Wanping County. The 2nd19th Regiment of the 37th Division of the China Garrison in 29 army fought back and put up a tenacious resistance. Under the heroic attack of the defenders in China, the Japanese army left more than 100 bodies and rolled out of the east bank of Yongding River.
The July 7th Incident was the beginning of the Japanese all-out war of aggression against China, and it also marked the beginning of China War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, that is, the China Revolution entered the national War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period. 1931September 18 to1945 August 15, the people of China waged a national liberation war against Japanese aggression and won a complete victory, which was known in history as War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, also known as the Fourteen-Year War of Resistance. War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression of the whole nation started from the July 7th Incident, which lasted for eight years. The so-called eight-year war of resistance refers to the eight-year war of resistance in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.
What is the background of the July 7th Incident? In order to monopolize China and turn China into its colony, Japanese imperialism launched a long-planned full-scale war of aggression against China. From the September 18th Incident of 193 1, the Japanese invaders easily invaded the three northeastern provinces of China. After the "September 18th Incident", it further expanded its aggression against China, and in 1933, it gained sovereignty over the Great Plains of North China through the Marta River and the foot of the Great Wall. 1935165438+1early October. They instigated the traitors to carry out the so-called "autonomy" movement in five provinces in North China in an attempt to make Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong, Chahar and Suiyuan provinces independent. Japan instigated the "autonomy" of five provinces in North China, with the direct purpose of preparing for the all-round war of aggression against China and attempting to turn North China into a second puppet Manchukuo. In order to further provoke a full-scale war of aggression against China, they sent troops into the customs one after another. By 1936, the Japanese troops in North China had increased to 14 divisions, accounting for 200,000 people.
Lugou Bridge, located on Pinghan Railway, is the only gateway from Beiping to the mainland, and its strategic position is particularly important. The Japanese army also realized the strategic significance of capturing Lugou Bridge, and since June 1937, the Japanese army stationed in Fengtai has held many targeted and provocative military exercises. By the eve of the July 7th Incident, the Japanese army had surrounded Beiping on three sides. In the east, there is a puppet regime in Jidong supported by the Japanese army and its subordinate puppet troops; In the north, there is a pseudo-Mongolian autonomous government headed by the German king concocted by the Japanese army; In the southeast, the Japanese army occupied Fengtai, a strategic place. As a result, only the Lugou Bridge in the southwest of Beiping is still under the control of the China army. Lugou Bridge is the only way for Beiping to keep in touch with the outside world, and it has become a battleground for both China and Japan. The Japanese army took Lugou Bridge as the first attack target, which was by no means a temporary decision against accidental events, but a long-planned strategic step to launch a full-scale war of aggression against China.
The July 7th Incident mainly occurred before the July 7th Incident. The Japanese army repeatedly held exercises in Lugouqiao area, taking China defenders as imaginary enemies, constantly provoking, so as to create troubles and start wars.
1On the morning of July 7, 937, the Japanese army came to the north of Lugouqiao for an exercise. In the afternoon, the Japanese army led by Masataka Shimizu, a riverside brigade stationed in Fengtai, set out from the military camp and drove to the vicinity of Longwang Temple in the northwest of Lugou Bridge to hold night exercises.
At 7: 30 pm, at dusk, Shimizu ordered the start of night exercises. Some Japanese officers and imaginary enemies immediately moved to the east. After it was completely dark, nearly 600 troops moved to the east where the imaginary enemy was located. At this time, there is no moon in the sky, and the ancient city of Wanping is looming in the night. Inside and outside the city, tension is on the verge.
On this dark night, the Japanese army put the long-planned invasion plan into practice step by step. 10: 30 or so, the 29 army garrison stationed in Wanping suddenly heard a burst of gunfire from the Japanese military exercise position in the northeast of the city. Under the silent night, the gunfire was harsh, and the defenders of Wanping paid close attention to it.
Later, several Japanese troops came to the ancient city of Wanping, claiming that they had lost a soldier and asked to search in the city, but the officers and men guarding the city refused. Ito Kiyomizu Temple sent someone to Fengtai to report to Yimu and ask for reinforcements. After receiving the report, Mu Yi immediately reported to his immediate boss Mu Daguchi Lian, and Mou Tian immediately led Mu Yi to Lugouqiao for help.
Like the September 18th Incident, the July 7th Incident was directed and performed by the Japanese. Afterwards, the Japanese once said that the "first shot" was fired by "students of the * * * production party", which is naturally nonsense. As for the so-called "missing soldiers", it is also very outrageous.
The "missing" soldier named Motojiro Cun is a private. He left the team because of surrender and soon returned. Masataka Shimizu know, deliberately not to report. After the war, someone asked him why he didn't report at that time. Shimizu said falteringly, "This is an unimaginable accident and my mistake. I can't remember clearly now. "
At 2 o'clock in the morning of July 8, Yimu learned the news that Murakami had returned to the team, but thought: "I don't know how China will promote it?" So I didn't stop the military action. However, since then, the Japanese army secretly changed the provocation excuse from "missing soldiers" to "illegal shooting", and even simply denied that it had asked China to search for "missing soldiers".
1On the night of July 7, 937, the Japanese army tried to search the city, claiming that it would "defend its advance by force", but it was sternly rejected by the Beiping authorities.
After consultation, the two sides sent representatives to visit Wanping Ancient City. While the representatives of the two sides were discussing the investigation in the city, the Japanese army shot at the city. 1 10 brigade commander He Jifeng, 129 regiment leader Ji Xingwen (nephew of Ji Hongchang, the national hero of the Anti-Japanese War) personally went to the front to direct operations. The soldiers were fed up and ignored Chiang Kai-shek's instructions not to fight back without an order. They demanded a counterattack one after another, and expressed their willingness to take Lugou Bridge as their grave and vowed to fight to the death with the Japanese army. Colonel Ji Xingwen ordered his men to fight back heroically, so he fired the first shot of the national War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and retaken the Lugou Bridge at 9 pm on the 8th.
The day after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China electrified the whole country for the Japanese attack on Marco Polo Bridge, pointing out: Ping Jin is in danger! North China is at stake! The Chinese nation is at stake! Only when the whole nation carries out the war of resistance is our way out! Our slogan is: armed to defend Peiping and Tianjin! Defend North China! Don't let Japanese imperialism occupy every inch of China! The last drop of blood to defend the country!
1 personal experience of English teacher in class
A few days ago, I was lucky enough to attend a lecture at Shiwan Pr