Historical evolution of property tax collection
Taxation on houses has existed in China since ancient times. Periodic "sharing money", indirect taxes in the Tang Dynasty, "sharing money" in the early Qing Dynasty and "donating houses" in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China are all taxes levied on houses. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), many laws and regulations on property tax have been promulgated one after another:
China has been collecting property tax from foreign buyers, foreign enterprises and domestic operators for many years, and the pilot cities (Chongqing and Shanghai) that collect property tax from domestic non-operators have also been running for several years. According to the national tax yearbook 20 16, the total local property tax payment in 20 15 was about 205 10 billion yuan.
Property tax is only a part of real estate tax.
Real estate tax, in fact, is a relatively complex tax system, mainly involving more than a dozen taxes, covering three major links: development and construction, real estate transaction and retention. Among them, the development and construction link mainly involves 7 taxes, the transaction link also involves 7 taxes, and the retention link involves 2 taxes.
Based on China's current real estate tax system, although property tax is an important part of the whole real estate tax system, it accounts for a relatively small proportion in the whole three links of "development and construction+transaction+retention". According to the data of China tax yearbook over the years, the property tax only accounts for 2% of the total tax revenue of the real estate industry. Together with another tax, urban land use tax, the tax contribution of the whole ownership link does not exceed 5%. Business tax, enterprise income tax and land value-added tax all account for more than 15%, of which business tax accounts for more than 30%.
Table: Taxes related to real estate by tax link
Therefore, the tax burden structure of the whole real estate tax is "incremental housing is more than stock housing, and development, construction and trading are more than value preservation". In 20 14 years, the tax burden of the whole real estate industry is nearly160 billion. Therefore, it is not accurate for some media to use "real estate tax" to express "real estate tax", because real estate tax is a comprehensive concept, that is, all taxes directly related to the process of real estate economic movement belong to real estate tax, which is a tax system containing more than ten taxes.
Property tax is an important part of the whole real estate tax from beginning to end. Because it belongs to the stage of housing ownership, it will have a great impact on the cost of people holding housing, so it is the focus of consumers' attention.
When will the real estate tax be promulgated?
On 20 18, the long-awaited real estate tax legislation was mentioned unprecedentedly. This has given the real estate market a reassurance, and levying real estate tax is a definite direction.
In this year's government work report, the Prime Minister said: deepen the reform of the fiscal and taxation system ... improve the local tax system and steadily push forward the real estate tax legislation.
At the two sessions, Shi Yaobin, Vice Minister of Finance, said that real estate tax mainly regulates income distribution, especially personal wealth gathering, and plays a role in promoting social equity. At the same time, increase fiscal revenue to meet the needs of the government to provide public services.
The People's Daily even gave a clear time point: complete the real estate tax legislation by 2020.
Since 20 13, the central government first put forward the slogan of "no housing speculation", the legislation of real estate tax has gradually been put on the agenda. However, the outside world did not show much optimism about the completion time of real estate tax legislation. After all, the implementation of every law has to go through a long process, not to mention the real estate tax, which is a major event related to the national economy and people's livelihood.
How much is your house worth?
1. What is property tax?
Property tax is a kind of property tax levied on property owners according to the taxable residual value or rental income of houses. To put it simply, people who already own a house have to pay taxes on their house every year.
2. Will the house price drop after the property tax is levied?
The debate on this issue is fierce, and now there are two main opinions.
House prices will fall: the more houses you own, the more property tax you have to pay every year. In addition, many real estate speculators raise funds through loans. If the cost of owning a house increases, many real estate speculators will sell their houses, thus lowering the house price.
As Pan Shiyi, chairman of SOHO China, said, owning a house is costly, so don't always think that the house price will definitely go up.
House prices have no impact: in fact, many countries have implemented property taxes. From the experience of other countries, after the property tax is levied, the house price has not dropped significantly, but has increased.
After the property tax was levied in South Korea, although the house price declined in the initial stage, it rebounded in retaliation in less than one year, with an increase of 16%.
3. How to collect the property tax?
The collection standards and tax rates of property tax are different in the world. The specific collection of property tax in China has not yet been determined. Let me give you a brief introduction on how to levy property tax internationally. Generally speaking, how much property tax you have to pay each year is determined by the property tax rate and the value of real estate assessment.
United States:
The tax rate of real estate tax is generally between 1%-3%, and the yield of each state is different. The calculation formula of American real estate tax: paid real estate tax = net value of real estate appraisal × legal tax rate.
Japan:
There is no special property tax in Japan, but Japan levies a fixed asset tax. In Japan, a fixed asset tax of 1.4% will be levied on real estate.
Russia:
Russian property tax is taxed at different rates. The more expensive the real estate appraisal, the higher the tax rate. The inventory price is less than 300,000 rubles (US$ 65,438 +0 about 30 rubles), and the tax rate does not exceed 0.1%; The inventory price is 300,000 to 500,000 rubles, and the tax rate is 0. 1% to 0.3%; The stock price is above 500,000 rubles, and the tax rate is 0.3% to 2.0%.
Shanghai and Chongqing are two pilot cities for property tax collection, but the introduction of property tax to the whole country will inevitably draw lessons from foreign property tax collection systems in policy. Therefore, the property tax rate in China should not be high.
Take a house in Beijing with a price of 50,000 square meters and an area of 100 square meter as an example. If China's property tax rate is 1%, then the annual property tax payable is:
Property tax = (house price × area )× property tax rate = 5 million×1%= 50,000 yuan.
(The above answers were published on 20 18-04-02. Please refer to the current actual purchase policy. )
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