1, Han Shizhong

Han Shizhong (109065438+1October 26th-151September15) was a horse, a good minister, and was named a cruel official. Yan 'an (now Suide County, Shaanxi Province) was a famous poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. He, Yue Fei, Zhang Jun and Liu Guangshi are also called "ZTE Four Generals".

Han Shizhong is tall and brave. He was born in poverty and was drafted into the army at the age of eighteen. He is brave and good at fighting and keeps a low profile. He made great contributions to the Song Dynasty in the war against Xixia and Jin Guo, and also made great contributions to quelling the rebellion in various places.

Honest and honest Han Shizhong refused to attach himself to the powerful minister Qin Gui and complained that Yue Fei was framed. He was an influential figure in the Southern Song Dynasty. Reluctantly moved to the south of the town, Wu' an and Ningguo, and established the king of Xian' an County. In his later years, Dumen thanked guests, talked about soldiers, and enjoyed himself by visiting the West Lake.

In the twenty-first year of Shaoxing (1 15 1), Han Shizhong died at the age of 63. Posthumous title and the king of Yi Tong. When Song Xiaozong was made Qiu, he ranked seventh in Wang Zhiyi. Xichun three years (1 176), posthumous title was "loyal to martial arts". After the game with Song Gaozong Temple. There are poems handed down from generation to generation, such as Linjiang Xian and Nanxiangzi.

2. Yong Zhengdi

Yong Zhengdi (1678 65438+February13-1735 65438+1October 8), the fifth emperor of the Qing dynasty and the third emperor after Beijing made its capital, was honored as the Chirade Tu Tu class in Mongolia. The fourth son of Emperor Kangxi, whose mother is Empress Xiao Gongren, namely Wu Yashi, was born in Yonghe Palace in the Forbidden City.

In the sixty-first year of Kangxi (1722), Emperor Kangxi died of illness in Changchun Garden in the northern suburb. He succeeded to the throne and changed his name to Yongzheng the following year. Yong Zhengdi carried out a series of reforms during his reign.

In order to strengthen the rule of southwest ethnic minorities, we should reform the soil and return to the countryside. The abolition of the base membership system and the implementation of land sharing have reduced the economic burden of landless farmers and promoted population growth. And vigorously rectify the finances, implement the policy of envy returning to the public, and establish a system of hiding money.

In the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729), he sent troops to Qinghai to quell the rebellion of Rob hiding in Tenzin. Politically, it is necessary to rectify the bureaucracy, establish a secret folding system to monitor subjects, and set up a military aircraft to take sole responsibility.

But also improved the secret storage system, institutionalized the way of succession to the throne, and to some extent avoided the situation that the emperor Kangxi was deadlocked in his later years. During Yong Zhengdi's reign, he was diligent in political affairs, boasting that "diligence is the best in the world" and "courtiers remonstrate at dusk".

A series of social reforms in Yong Zhengdi have played a key role in the continuation of the prosperous period of Kanggan. He died in the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735) at the age of 58. Temple number Sejong, posthumous title Jingtianchang Yun Jian table text Wu Yingming Kuan Ren Xin Yi Rui Sheng Da Xiao Zhi Cheng Xian Emperor, buried the Qing Xiling Tailing, and passed it on to the fourth son Li Hong.

3. Little Shenyang

Xiao Shenyang (1750 July1-1799 February 22), surnamed Niu Zhilu, formerly known as Shanbao, whose real name was Zhizhai, was the owner of Jialetang, the World Expo and the Lvye Pavilion, and was an official and businessman in the middle of Qing Dynasty.

When Xiao Shenyang first became an official, he was smart and capable, and consolidated his position through the Li Shiyao case. Emperor Qianlong favored him and married his youngest daughter, Princess Ten, to Feng?enyende, the eldest son of Xiao Shenyang, making Xiao Shenyang not only in power, but also a relative.

With the growth of power, his selfish desires are also expanding day by day, taking advantage of his position to form a party for personal gain, amass money and crack down on political enemies. In addition, Little Shenyang also runs its own business, opening 75 pawn shops and more than 300 large and small banks, and has business dealings with the British East India Company and the 13th branch in Guangdong.

Xiao Shenyang once held several important positions in the central government of the Qing Dynasty, was a first-class loyal minister, and was also an official of Wenhua Hall who worshipped university students.

His positions mainly include the Chief Bachelor of Cabinet, the Chief Officer, the Minister of Official Department, the Minister of Household Department, the Minister of Punishment and the Minister of Li Fan Academy. He also holds dozens of important posts, such as the Chief of the Interior Office, the Bachelor of imperial academy, the Chief of the Sikuquanshu, the Minister of Guards, and the Chief of Infantry.

In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), Emperor Jiaqing ousted Xiao Shenyang and put him in prison. The wealth accumulated by Little Shenyang is about 820 million to 1 1 100 million taels of silver, and its gold and silver, together with other antique treasures, exceeds the total revenue of the Qing government in the past fifteen years. Fifteen days after the death of Emperor Qianlong, Emperor Jiaqing gave Xiao Shenyang suicide, and Xiao Shenyang died at the age of 49.

4. Li Zicheng

Li Zicheng (1September 22, 606-1May17,0645), formerly known as Hongji, also known as Huang Laier and Zao Er, was the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty and lived in Liqianji Village, Mizhi, Yulin, Shaanxi. When I was a child, I worked as a shepherd for the landlord and a post servant in Yinchuan.

In the second year of Chongzhen (1629), he rebelled and fought bravely under Gao Yingxiang. At the Xingyang Congress, the operational plan of dividing troops and attacking in four ways was put forward, which was endorsed by the leaders of various ministries. After Gao Yingxiang's death, he continued to be called the founding king.

At that time, the famine in the Central Plains was serious and the social class contradictions were extremely acute. Yan Li put forward slogans such as "no tax on all fields", which were welcomed by the broad masses of the people. The army grew to one million and became the main force in the uprising army.

In the sixteenth year of Chongzhen (1643), he was known as xinshun King in Xiangyang, and defeated Sun Chuanting, the main force of Shaanxi Governor in the Ming Dynasty in Ruzhou, Henan, and won Xi 'an. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), the Dashun regime was established, with the year number "Yongchang".

Soon, he conquered Beijing and overthrew the Ming Dynasty. In April, Dourgen led the Eight Banners Army to join forces with Wu Sangui, the company commander of the Ming Dynasty, and fought in Li Zicheng, both inside and outside Shanhaiguan. Li Zicheng was defeated, withdrew from Beijing, and led the army to fight the Qing army in Henan and Shaanxi.

In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), in March, Dashun army forced Zuo Liangyu, the general of Nanming, to occupy Wuchang, and Li Zicheng planned to take a boat eastward and seize the southeast as an anti-Qing base.

However, the Dashun army was not fully prepared, and the Qing army suddenly attacked by land and water. Li Zicheng hastily abandoned Wuchang and left for the southeast. In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), 17 May, he was killed by villagers in Jiugongshan, Tongcheng County, Hubei Province. (Another said that Li Zicheng died in Jiugong Mountain, Tongshan County, Xianning City, Hubei Province. )

5. Kang Youwei

Kang Youwei (1March 85819-1March 9271), formerly known as Zuyi, was named Guangsha, and was also known as Ming Yi, Ji Geng, Xiqiao Mountain, Youcuncuo and Tianshou.

Kang Youwei was born in a feudal bureaucratic family, and began to contact western culture in the fifth year of Guangxu (1879). In the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), Kang Youwei once again went to Beijing to take the rural examination in Shuntian, and took the opportunity to write to Emperor Guangxu for the first time to ask for political reform, but he was blocked.

In the seventeenth year of Guangxu (189 1), a 10,000-acre thatched cottage was established in Guangzhou and taught students here. In the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), I learned that treaty of shimonoseki was signed, and invited more than 300 people to write about thousands of books, that is, "write on the bus".

In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), the Reform Movement of 1898 began. After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, he fled to Japan, claiming that he held the imperial edict, organized a royalist society, advocated enlightened autocracy and opposed the revolution.

After the Revolution of 1911, as the leader of the royalist party, he opposed the harmonious system of * * * and has been planning to restore Puyi. In the sixth year of the Republic of China (19 17), Kang Youwei and Zhang Xun launched the restoration and made Puyi emperor. Soon, they failed under the crusade of the then Prime Minister Duan of Beiyang Government.

Kang Youwei always declared his loyalty to the Qing Dynasty in his later years. After being expelled from the Forbidden City by Feng Yuxiang, Puyi personally went to Tianjin to visit the Jingyuan where Puyi lived. He died in Qingdao in 16 (1927).

As an activist in the late Qing Dynasty, Kang Youwei advocated the reform movement, which reflected the direction of historical progress. But later, he and Yuan Shikai became the spiritual leaders of the Restoration Movement.

Baidu encyclopedia-year of the horse

Baidu Encyclopedia-Han Shizhong

Baidu Encyclopedia-Yong Zhengdi

Baidu Encyclopedia-Little Shenyang

Baidu Encyclopedia-Li Zicheng

Baidu Encyclopedia-Kang Youwei