1833, with the support of Owen, compassionate factory owners such as john field Deng and John do Holti launched the 8-hour working day movement. 1833165438+1On October 25th, they established the National Rehabilitation Association in Manchester, with the aim of helping the working class get eight-hour jobs and full-time wages.
1866, the first international Geneva conference put forward the slogan of "eight hours of work, eight hours of self-control, eight hours of rest", requiring countries to enact laws to confirm it. Later, this system was adopted by all countries in the world.
The first factory to implement the eight-hour work system.
The first factory in human history to actively implement the eight-hour working system was Ford Motor Company, which opened on 19 14. To everyone's surprise, Ford, the boss who founded the company, not only strictly abided by the eight-hour working system, but even prohibited workers from working overtime in exchange for overtime pay.
Ford even made many speeches in the factory, asking workers to "spend more time with their wives and children and be competent husbands and fathers". He also promised that less overtime would not affect workers' wages-this is true. Ford paid workers $5 a day, twice as much as other American factories at that time.
Later, Ford even made a rule when recruiting: as long as a young man with a house comes to work, he won't recruit enough food, the whole family won't be hungry, and a bachelor with a lot of spare time.
But in fact, behind this "charity act" lies Ford's shrewd calculation as an entrepreneur: Ford's company was the first enterprise to introduce assembly line production, and it was in his hands that the factory completed the transformation from manual workshop production to assembly line mass production. This change means that the factory's requirements for workers have undergone a qualitative change-on the assembly line, every worker must be highly concentrated and constantly complete repetitive actions.
This work is very tiring, and there is no room for carelessness. Once the workers in one link make mistakes because of overwork, it is likely that all the products on that day will be scrapped. This loss cannot be made up by exploiting more workers to work overtime.
In this context, what can Ford do to make workers concentrate? Of course, they are required to take the initiative to strictly observe the rest time to reduce mistakes in their work. The revolution of production mode has brought about the change of working mode, which is actually the real reason for the spread of "eight-hour working system".