1 treaty of nanking, China began to become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society; "treaty of shimonoseki", the degree of semi-colonization of China has greatly deepened; China was completely reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society by the Xin Chou Treaty.

Two cases: Sanyuanli's resistance to Britain, the Boxer Rebellion and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement. The topic was the people of China, and the officers and men of the Yellow Sea naval battle in Deng Shichang organized resistance. Heroes: Zuo, Deng Shichang and Lin Zexu. Ideological circle: The Reform Movement of 1898 initiated by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao was a top-down bourgeois reform movement and an ideological emancipation movement in modern China. Feudal landlord class: The Westernization Movement represented by Li Hongzhang, whose rise and development stimulated the emergence of national enterprises in modern China and resisted the economic aggression of foreign capitalism to some extent. National bourgeoisie: Zhang Jian, the top scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, set off the ideological trend of "saving the country through industry" and successively established enterprises such as Sheng Da Cotton Mill, which had a wide influence. Scientific and cultural circles: Chen Duxiu and others initiated the New Culture Movement and put forward the slogan of "Democracy and Science", which had a great influence on science, education and culture in China. I realized that in the face of the aggression and oppression of imperialism and feudal rulers in modern China, all walks of life used their own ways to save the national crisis and explore the way out of the country, so as to realize the national spirit of national independence, national prosperity and self-improvement. Slogan: fight for freedom, fight for human rights.