China has pursued a simple view of heaven since ancient times, believing that natural or invisible God dominates everything in the world. Therefore, Zhouyi has evolved it into three talents: heaven, earth and human beings, saying that heaven, tunnel and human nature are interactive and interdependent. However, when the ancients talked about the sky, they often put the tunnel and human nature together and summed it up as "the time between heaven and man".
65438+ Song Jiang, under the banner of "doing good for heaven", did everything to win over. In order to win over, he can lose his personality and worship corrupt officials. Zhaoan can not only make his senior officials dignitaries, but also realize his political ambitions, one is to be busy outside, and the other is to be safe inside. Therefore, after the trap, the hero of the Water Margin did two things, one was to levy Liao and the other was Fang Wax, which coincided with the day of worshipping the king.
Second, ridicule the son of heaven. Although Water Margin is aimed at corrupt officials rather than emperors, and Liangshan heroes keep saying that "it is better to lose the loyalty of the imperial court than surrender to the imperial court", in fact, there is a strong anti-imperial consciousness in the book. Song Jiang's poem "Dare to laugh at Huang Chao's husband" when he was drunk also showed his intention to some extent. The so-called loyalty and loyalty to protect the country is just an excuse, because although the emperor and the court have many absurd things, compared with previous dynasties, they are not out of control. If Song Jiangzhi really opposed the emperor and the court, there might not be so many people who dared to become an outlaw.
Third, clean up the political ranks and maintain the purity of the bureaucratic system. On the political level, the corrupt officials opposed by the heroes of Liangshanpo are not limited individuals, but the darkness and decay in the Song Dynasty system. What they want to do is to be honest with the monarch and do the right thing for the son of heaven in the Song Dynasty. In the concrete expression, people compare themselves with loyal ministers in order to purify the bureaucratic team in the Song Dynasty. Only by eliminating these corrupt officials can we ensure long-term stability.
2. Acting for heaven is the "heaven" of Jianghu gentlemen, and the chivalrous way recognized in Water Margin involves many aspects such as righteousness, courage, chivalry, benevolence, filial piety and loyalty. If what is needed above the temple is loyalty and filial piety, it is chivalry. Specifically, the connotation can be divided into four levels: first, everyone in the world is brothers, and "working for heaven" here is actually an idealization of interpersonal relationships, or that people born in heaven, regardless of their rank, should be friendly to each other. Therefore, the title of "brothers" between heroes in the Water Margin is both fierce and lovely, which is not only the embodiment of equality, but also the embodiment of understanding and tolerance.
Second, the chicken calls the dog a thief, from each according to his ability. In the world view constructed by the Water Margin, no matter what occupation you are engaged in, as long as you have a skill, you can be classified as a useful person. Their ideal life is to have jobs, food, freedom and freedom. Therefore, the heroes of Liangshanpo are basically thieves shouting to catch thieves, and Shiqian, as a thief, can still be reused and beautified here. Both the author's desire for individuality and free life and the regret for the protagonist's ending.
Third, fairness and justice, it should be said that the water margin in Hankou is actually an extension of fairness and justice. There are many unfair and unjust phenomena in the book, such as Pan Jinlian killing Wu Dalang and Zheng Tu and bullying women, Gao Qiu persecuting Lin Chong and Jiang Menshen seizing property. Here, a hero's road is bumpy, so that these disputes between right and wrong can be recognized in the secular world and get justice in the rivers and lakes. This is to do justice for heaven.
Fourth, the average economic level. There is another meaning of doing justice for heaven, that is, both rich and poor. There are also several heroes with good families in Water Margin, and only by helping the poor can they be recognized. The so-called "drinking in a big bowl and eating meat in large chunks are called gold and silver", which is the reflection of this economic average thought. In other words, Liang Shanbo's egalitarianism of "big pot" actually continues the requirement of "uneven suffering" of ancient Confucianism, and only "equal sharing" is the way to uphold justice for heaven.
3. Doing good for heaven is a day of "living beings" on earth, and the way to ask questions is from the temple to the rivers and lakes. Liang Shanbo's hero has his own rules, but this rule is essentially subject to temple rules and Jianghu morality. In other words, only by following the rules and ethics can we do good for heaven, otherwise there is no way to start. In addition, "the heaven of all beings" has another meaning in the level of life value. Everything must follow one's own inner choice, which is the way to "ask the heart". Everything feels the same, and it has a broader meaning.
First, it is different from the pursuit of fairness and justice in rivers and lakes. The so-called uneven road is what the individual sees, not the peace and unevenness in the rivers and lakes. Therefore, in Lu's eyes, although he became a monk, all commandments can be violated; In the eyes of Li Kui jy, as long as it is in the way, it is uneven and can be killed; In Song Jiang's eyes, as long as he is a hero he likes, no matter whether he is oppressed by the government or not, he has to be "forced" to join Liangshan. This unique life-long persistence and happy outlook on life.
Second, make contributions, seal the shadow of his wife, and leave a name in history. In the minds of heroes in the Water Margin, although they ransacked their homes and gathered in the mountains, they were happy, but in fact, there were many entanglements and reluctance in their hearts. Spectators all think that Sung River is plotting to be a high official and rich, but in fact there are 108 heroes in Liangshan Park, and most of them hope to become official through the road of "killing and setting fire". Doing justice for heaven here is actually a shortcut to fame and fortune, which is in line with the Confucian concept of "cultivating self-cultivation, governing the country and leveling the world" Perhaps only by wooing Ann, returning to a normal life, making contributions, sealing the shadow of his wife, and even going down in history, is their inner motivation to go to heaven.
Third, if you succeed, you will not live. The truth contained in it is simpler, which can also be seen from the ending of Water Margin. 108 Among the generals, there are disabled people, people who sit on the ground and recluses like Yan Qing. These are typical examples of quitting the Jianghu. Compared with the tragic ending of Song Jiang and others, the former is more respected by heaven. This also coincides with the hermit formula of not being greedy for powerful people and retiring after success. Therefore, only those who have won fame are hermits, while those who have great talents and are mediocre are just mediocre, which is another footnote for doing good.
In short, the historical opportunity of the heroes of the Water Margin is actually the normal state that occupies the majority in the dynasty change for thousands of years. Although the emperor is fatuous, he is not completely helpless. Although bureaucrats are greedy, they are not completely wiped out. Although rivers and lakes are dangerous, there are moral rules. Although the world is bitter, there is still a way out. Therefore, there is no need to "control the rise and fall of chaos", "source scattered and packed" and "leveling".