Fleet system
The Joint Fleet of Japanese Navy is a strategic and campaign corps that imperial japanese navy carried out mobile combat missions in the COSCO Sea in the first half of the 20th century. It is composed of more than two fleets, which govern and command most or even all mobile combat forces except the offshore defense forces. The commander or commander-in-chief of the fleet is directly subordinate to the Japanese emperor, under the leadership of the secretary of the navy in military and political affairs, and under the command of the chief of the naval military order in military orders.
Team history
The predecessor of the Joint Fleet was1a standing fleet formed on July 29th, 889. 1874, Japan annexed the Ryukyu Kingdom and tried to occupy Taiwan Province Province, which was blocked by the Qing Empire, making Japan realize that confrontation with the Qing Empire was inevitable. Influenced by the establishment of Beiyang Navy by the Qing Empire, from 1886, Japan carried out 1 (from 1886 to 1889) and the second stage (from 1889 to 1894). 1894, the Standing Fleet attacked the Beiyang Navy off the coast of Toyota, North Korea, and the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894 broke out. The standing fleet participated in the battles of Toyota, Yellow Sea and ahava successively, and defeated China Beiyang Navy. After the Sino-Japanese War (called the Sino-Japanese War in China), under the coercion of Britain, France and Russia, Japan had to return 30 million taels of silver from Liaodong to China. This incident greatly stimulated Japan. Relying on the treaty of shimonoseki indemnity, starting from 1896, Japan entered the era of preparing for the Russian army, carried out five expansion plans, put forward proposals such as the "66th Fleet" case and the "33rd Fleet" supplementary case, and built or purchased 1 1 battleships, including the battleships Chuse and Sandali. The strength of the joint fleet has been greatly enhanced. 1903 On February 28th, the standing fleet was reorganized into a joint fleet, with Tougou Heihachirou as the commander-in-chief, under the jurisdiction of 1, 2/3, and more than 100 ships, including almost all the warships of the Japanese navy at that time. The following year, the joint fleet raided the Russian Pacific fleet stationed in Lushun, and the Russo-Japanese War broke out. The joint fleet participated in the naval battle of the Yellow Sea (1904) and the naval battle against Ma Haixia successively, thus destroying the Russian Pacific fleet. After the war, the joint fleet was dissolved. In order to meet the needs of foreign expansion, the Joint Fleet was formally established on June 1 9165438+10/day, and became a permanent organizational unit of the Japanese Navy. The commander was also the commander of 1 Fleet, and the chief of staff was Chai Ji shinya yamanaka, the chief of staff of 1 Fleet, until the end of World War I. From 19 10, imperial japanese navy's military expansion plan began to enter the era of preparing for the US military. In order to build the August 8th Fleet, four expansion plans were carried out before 1922. These warships are Shancheng, Fusang, Yi Shi, Sunward, Changmen, Lu Ao and battle cruisers (4 ships). 1922, when the Treaty on the Limitation of Naval Arms was signed, the naval arms race of the world powers was curbed to some extent, and the construction of warships entered a stagnation period. However, the expansion of the joint fleet has not stopped. Taking advantage of the loopholes in the treaty on aircraft carriers and small ships, the joint fleet has successively owned several aircraft carriers such as Fengxiang, Chicheng and Kaga. At the same time, a nine-stage plan was formulated to gradually reduce the invitation to attack the United States, trying to use four mine teams to torpedo the main fleet of the United States at night under the cover of heavy cruisers with a large number of torpedoes. After greatly reducing the strength of the United States, a decisive battle between the capital ships is going on. To this end, Japan has successively built four mine teams (each mine team has 3-4 expulsion teams and each expulsion team has 3-4 destroyers) and more than 10 light cruisers (used to guide the mine teams to fight and serve as the flagship), and conducted intensive training for a long time. Before the beginning of the Pacific War, the destroyer combat level of Japan's joint fleet, especially the level of night fighting, was much higher than that of the US Navy.
Scale expansion
1939 On August 30th, Isoroku Yamamoto was appointed as Commander-in-Chief. 194 1, 1 1, the joint fleet was expanded into a large-scale integrated combat fleet. The 1 fleet under its jurisdiction is a battleship force, the 2nd fleet is a heavy cruiser force, the 3rd fleet is a blockade transport force, the 4th fleet is an occupation force, the 5th fleet is a northern force, and the 6th fleet is a submarine force. There were more than 230 main warships above submarines (including aircraft carrier 10, battleship 10, cruiser 38, destroyer 1 12 submarine), accounting for more than 90% of the large and medium-sized warships of the Japanese navy at that time, and more than 0,000 aircraft12. From the Kuril Islands in the north to Hainan Island in China in the south and Caroline Islands in the east, it was one of the largest combat fleets in the world at that time, with a front line of 6,000 nautical miles.
Dissolve the fleet
194 1 year 65438+February 7 (Hawaii time), the joint fleet was ordered to attack Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, destroying the main force of the US Pacific fleet, and the Pacific War broke out. On June 5438+00, its shore-based aviation unit sank two main ships of the British Far East Fleet, including the flagship Prince of Wales, in the Malay naval battle. 1February, 942, defeated the United States, Britain, the Netherlands and Australia in the Java Sea, supported the army to capture the Philippines, the Malay Peninsula, the Dutch East India (now Indonesia) and the main islands in the western Pacific, and mastered the air and sea control in the western Pacific. In April, he entered the Indian Ocean and attacked the port of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). In June, he was defeated in the naval battle of midway. From August of the same year to February of the following year, a large number of warships and planes were lost in the battle for Guadalcanal Island. From then on, they turned from attacking to defending, and gradually lost control of the sea and air in the combat area. 1June 944 and 10/October, the naval battles in Mariana and Leyte Bay were decisively defeated, and the aircraft carrier was completely lost, making it impossible to carry out organized fleet operations. 1On April 7th, 945, the flagship battleship "Yamato", as the last symbol of the joint fleet, was sunk in the waters south of Kyushu by US carrier aircraft on the way to Okinawa. 1 in may, the joint fleet was renamed the marine corps. Japan was dissolved after surrender. 1947 the Japanese constitution stipulates that Japanese military forces are only used for self-defense. After the war, Japan's maritime armed forces were the maritime self-defense forces of Japan's self-defense forces.
lose
194 1 Before the Japan-US War, the Joint Fleet * * had 254 ships with a total tonnage of/kloc-0.68 million tons. After the war, 383 ships with a total tonnage of 858,000 tons were built, totaling 637 combat ships with a total tonnage of/kloc-0.93 million tons. By the end of the war, only 168 ships were left, * * * about 320,000 tons. In wartime, there were about 1.469 base aviation aircraft and 730 carrier aircraft for mobile units (total * * * 2 1.99 aircraft), and more than 30,000 aircraft were produced in wartime, with a cumulative loss of 26,285 aircraft. In the protracted war in Solomon Islands alone, Japan lost 7096 planes, three times as many as during the war, and 7 186 pilots were killed. During the war, two marshals, five generals, 56 lieutenant generals and 252 major generals (3 15 in total) of the Imperial Navy were killed. 409 146 soldiers were killed in the imperial navy. After the war, among the remaining ships of the Joint Fleet, the best battleships "Nagato" and the light cruiser "Jiugou" were used for the nuclear test in Bikini Island. Battleships that sank or capsized off the coast of Japan, Yi Shi, Sunward and hazel, carriers Tiancheng and Yinghai, injured carriers Falcon and Longfeng, failed to become carriers of Kasai, Asu, Ikoma and Izumo, and they patrolled Julia and Li Gen again, making a light tour to the north and celebrating the grand ceremony. The old armored cruiser Changpan and Izumo disintegrated on the spot. The damaged shelving revisited Kaohsiung in Singapore and Miaogao sank in Malacca. China's warships and river gunboats were taken over by the National Government. After the war, 42 1 ships (including aircraft carriers and cruisers) and all submarines (including attack pocket submarines) were dismantled, and 135 small and medium-sized ships and auxiliary ships were divided among the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain and China. There are only 5 small coastal defense boats (Ming Sheng, Zhu Sheng, Zhuolai, Xinnan and Shiga), 1 transport boat (Zonggu) and 35 small mine-clearing boats. 1 946 65438+February1,imperial japanese navy province was renamed the second demobilization province, and the history of imperial navy ended here. By 1 947 65438+1October1,there was not a Japanese warship in the Pacific Ocean.
Commander in chief of joint fleet
Tomohiro Ito-Captain-General-Meiji 27th year (/KOOC-0/894) July/KOOC-0/9 There is a local contract-Captain-General-Meiji 28th year (/KOOC-0/895) May/KOOC-0/KOOC-0/Tougou Heihachirou-Captain- Goro-Lieutenant General-Yamashita Masataro-General-Taisho 8 years (1 9 1 9) June 1 Yamashita Other-Generals-Taisho 9 years (1920) May1Zongjiro-Taisho. Isamu Takeshita-Lieutenant General-Taisho 65565 General-Taisho13 (1924)121Kenji Kato-Lieutenant General-Taisho15 (1926)/. The 4th year of Fu Ying-Lieutenant General-Showa in the 10th Yamamoto (1929)16th year of Kobayashi-Lieutenant General-Showa (193 1 year) 12 65438. 1 65438+1October 15 Gao Qiao Shan Zhi-Lieutenant General-Showa 9 years (1934)165438+1October 15 Mina Gwangju- 2 (1937) February 2, Yoshida-Lieutenant General-Showa Showa16 (1941) August 1 1, Koga Fengyi-General-Showa/kloc. May 3 19 (1944) Soeda Sobu-General-Showa 20th year (1 945) May1Koji Saburo-Lieutenant General-Showa 20th year (1945) May 29.
Previous compilation
In the Pacific War, the establishment of the joint fleet was11941February1April 21April 209421April 209423/kloc. 1 April/day, 943 1 day, the joint fleet was composed of 5 65438+1 September, 943/day, 6 65438+1 October/kloc-0. Joint Fleet No.0 9194410 65438 February 5+0945 65438 March 0 Joint Fleet No.0119451June 0.
Joint fleet composition
General Isoroku Yamamoto, commander of the joint fleet, Team 65438 +0: Nagato, Team 24 of Lu Ao: Aiguo Pill, Qingcheng Pill, Aviation Team 1 1: Mizuho, Chitose, Diving Team 4: Ghost Fury, Nagoya Pill No.65438 5) Diving Team1No.9: I -56. Akihito, Asahi, Muruto, Yokosuga Garrison No.1 1 and Yokosuga Garrison No.3 Special Marine Corps belong to the joint communication team No.1 1 of Iraq -66.
Lieutenant General Takasu Shiro of the First Fleet
Team 2: Yi Shi, Sunward, Shancheng and Fusang Team 3: King Kong, Hazelnut Name, Kirishima and Birui Team 6: Julia, Yi Li, Jiagu and Gu Ying Team 9: Beijin, Dajing No.65438+:Pufeng, Shifeng, Gufeng and Bangfeng No.265438 +0 Expulsion Team: Early Spring, Noon and Ruoye.
Captain, General Nobutaka Kondo of the Second Fleet.
Team 4: Kaohsiung, Aidang, Niaohai and Mo Ye Team 5: Na Zhi, Feather Insect and Miaogao team 7: Top, Sanchong, Linggu and Kumano Team 8: Li Gen and Zhu Mo. Pro-tidal wave 16: Zaofeng, Fengfeng, Tianjingfeng and Shizhongze 18: Xiayue, Yang Yan and Ignorant Fire No.4 Mine Team: Nake.
Lieutenant General Gao Qiao Yanfu of the Third Fleet
16 Team: Foot Handle, Liang Long, Ball Milling Team 17: Yaeyama Island, Minmetals Team: Nami, Ejection Team 5: Chaofeng, Chunfeng, Song Feng, Qifeng, Ejection Team 22: No Moon in the Water. 8+023 "Yi-/KOOC-0/24" diving team/KOOC-0/3: "Yi-/KOOC-0/2" "Yi-/KOOC-0/22" air force/KOOC-0/2: "Shenchuan Pill.
Lieutenant General Inoue Shigeyoshi of the Fourth Fleet
Zhiludao 18 Team: Tianlong Longtian 19 Team: No.6 Mine Team of Chongdao, Changpan and Tianjin Light: No.29 Expulsion Team of Xizhang: chasing wind, blasting wind, facing the sun, dusk. Teams: Lu -60, Lu -6 1, Lu -62 The 27th diving team: Lu -65, Lu -66, Lu -67, and the 33rd diving team: Lu -63, Lu -64, Lu -68. 07 empty 5 th base team: 18 empty; Base team 6: 19 empty; It belongs to Yu Jinlong Pill, Kongomaru Pill and Shengchuan Pill.
The Fifth Fleet, the Seventh Son of Xi Xuan, will be a doctor.
2 1 Team: Tama, wood blade, Junchuan Maru, Team 22: Sudian Maru, Zhaoxia Maru, Team 7: Pigeons and Vultures belonging to Fatima Airlines.
Captain, General Mimi Shimizu of the Sixth Fleet.
65438 +0 diving team: Yi -9, Maru 65438 +0 diving team: Yi-15, Yi-16, Yi-17 No.2 diving team: Yi-. I -23 No.4 diving team: I -24, I -25, I -26 No.2 diving team: I -7, I-10, Santos Maru No.7 diving team: I-1. 1 1 diving team: Yi -74, Yi -75, No.65438 +02 diving team: Yi -68, Yi -69, Yi -70, No.20 diving team: Yi -7 1, Yi-.
Lieutenant General Tadashi Namun of the First Air Force.
Air Force 1: Chicheng, Kaga, 7th Expelling Team: Chao, Shu, Lian, 2nd Air Force: Black Dragon, 23rd Expelling Team: Ju Yue, Yue, 4th Air Force: Long Xiang, Chun Wan. 1 1 Air Force Lieutenant General Tsuhara No.243 2 1 Air Force: Luwu Airlines, Donggang Airlines, 1 Air Force No.22 Air Force: American Airlines, Yuanshan Air Force No.23 Air Force: Kaohsiung Airlines, Tainan Airlines and Air Force No.3 Ejector Team: Feather Wind.
Commander-in-Chief of the Southern Fleet Ichiro Ozawa.
Base Team No.9: White Eagle, Xiang Liang Maru, 1 1 Special Base Team Note: Chunwan in the original table belongs to the joint fleet. "Sunset Wind" and "Sailing Wind" were directly incorporated into the 4th Air Force 1942. On April 10, the joint fleet was incorporated into the commander of the joint fleet, General Isoroku Yamamoto. 1 Team: Yamato, Nagato and Lu Ao. 1 1 Team: Mizuho and Chitose. 65438 Submerged Team +09: 30 Submerged Team: 65438 +0 Joint Communication Team 65438 +0. Lieutenant General Takasu Shiro of 8+0 Special Marine Corps, No.1 1 Fleet, No.3 Special Marine Corps of Yokosuga Garrison, No.2 Team: Yi Shi, Sunward, Fusang and Shancheng, No.3 Team: King Kong, Hazelnut Name, Kirishima and Bi Rui, and No.6 Team: Green Leaves, Clothes, Jiagu and Gu Ying. Expulsion Team No.6: Liming, Leiming and Dian21Expulsion Team No.24: Sea breeze, mountain breeze, river breeze and cool breeze No.27: Bright and beautiful. Blowing snow, white snow, first snow, from Yun 19, expulsion team: Jibo, Pubo, Ling Bo, Pobo, and expulsion team: morning fog, night fog, sky fog, white clouds, Frank Fengxiang, Ruifeng and night wind. Badminton and Miaogao Team 7: Top Team, Miyuki Valley, Kumano Team 8: Regan, Zhu Mo Team 2: Avatar Team 15: Early Tide, Pro-Tide, Pro-Tide. Mine No.4 Team: Naker No.2 Ejection Team: Village Rain, Spring Rain and May Rain No.4 Ejection Team: Lan, Feng, Ye Fen and Wufeng No.8 Ejection Team: Chao. Kashima Team/KOOC-0/8: Tianlong Team/KOOC-0/9: Okinawa Team No.6: Xizhang Team No.23: Juyue Team, Uzuki Team No.29: Zhuifeng. Swift whale diving team No.265438 +0: Lv -33, Lv -34, diving team No.26: Lv -6 1, Lv -62, Lv -65, Lv -67, diving team No.33: Lv -63. 8+09 Air: 2nd Maritime Guard of the 8th Base: Zonggu, Shenchuan Maru, Jinlong Maru, Wuzhenshoufu 5th Special Marine Corps, Xixuankouzi Langzhong, 2 1 Team: Domo Muju. Sail wind, Sunseeker wind, Junchuan Maru's Sixth Fleet Lieutenant General Komatsu Keihisa bluntly 1 No.2 diving team: I -9, Ping An Maru No.2 diving team: I-18, I-19, I-209. -7 No.7 diving team of Santos Maru: Yi-1, Yi -2, Yi -3, No.8 diving team: Yi -4, Yi -5, Yi -6, No.65438, Yi -7 1 "Yi -72", No.8 diving team.