1492, after Columbus discovered America, various forces fought fiercely for this land in America. Haiti could no longer maintain its original calm and gradually became a Spanish colony. After the 0/5th century A.D./KLOC-,the struggle among big countries for their respective economic interests became increasingly fierce. Some countries have gained great benefits through war and developed rapidly, while others have gradually declined. Spain belongs to the latter, so its original Haitian colony was split in two by France. By 1697, the western part of Haitian Island belonged to France, and the eastern part was still owned by Spain. 65438+In 1930s, the residents of Haiti suffered a catastrophe-the original 200,000 Indians were almost killed, and 90% of the total population were slaves. Black slaves on the island of Haiti became the real "cattle and horses" of white slave owners. They were flogged and even executed by slave owners for a little disobedience. Black slaves could not bear the fate of being enslaved for a long time, so they had a long struggle with slave owners. They also organized guerrillas to ambush in the deep mountains and forests in order to give the slave owners a fatal blow at the right time. 1776 American War of Independence and 1789 French Revolution had strong repercussions among Haitian people. In particular, the slogans of freedom, equality and human rights put forward by the American and French revolutions greatly inspired the Haitian people's courage to resist Spanish colonial rule and laid the ideological foundation for the outbreak of the Haitian slave revolution.
1791On the night of August 22nd, the Haitian people finally launched an armed uprising, and the energy accumulated in people's hearts finally broke out completely. In less than a day, the rebels took control of 1200 coffee plantations and 20 sugar cane plantations, killing more than 2,000 white colonists. Under the leadership of Toussaint Louverture, the Haitian independence movement first drove away the Spanish colonists, and then forced Britain to withdraw all the invading troops, thus controlling the basic situation in Haiti. In order to suppress the growing independence movement in Haiti, Napoleon, the ruler of the first French Empire, sent 29,000 soldiers and 54 warships to Haiti. However, since the development of Haiti's independence movement has already spread all over the country, even Napoleon's army suppressed it to no avail. In desperation, they came up with the most vicious trick-arresting Toussaint in the name of pretending to be in peace talks. Toussaint was arrested and sent to a prison in France, where he eventually died of illness. Toussaint's sacrifice aroused stronger resistance from Haitian people. 1803, the French army was forced to surrender. The following year, Haiti, the first black republic, officially declared its independence.