Cixi has always been dissatisfied with foreigners, so she came up with the idea of using the Boxer Rebellion against the powers and declared war on them.
The Boxer Movement was a peasant movement with the slogan of "helping the Qing Dynasty to destroy the foreign countries" at the end of China 19. At first, the Boxer Rebellion, like most secret groups in the Qing Dynasty, opposed the Manchu rule and was suppressed with the slogan of "opposing the Qing Dynasty and regaining sight".
With the development of China's modern history, the conflict of western forces, led by imperialist aggression, replaced the dispute between China and foreign countries, and the dispute between Manchu and Han became the main historical contradiction. The Boxer began to support the Qing Dynasty's resistance to the West, renamed it "Tiger God Camp" and changed its slogan to "Help the Qing Dynasty to destroy the foreign countries".
In the spring of Zhili 1900, when the western powers carved up China's sphere of influence, there were frequent religious cases and natural disasters in North China, and the power struggle of the imperial court intensified, thousands of farmers who practiced boxing and were called "Boxers" set fire to churches and Christian houses. In June of the same year, Empress Dowager Cixi allowed the Boxer Rebellion to enter Beijing, and the Boxer Rebellion attacked the Tianjin Concession before the Qing army.
1900 On June 20th, the German ambassador to China, Cleander, went to the Prime Minister's yamen to ask for protection on behalf of all countries, and was ambushed by Qing soldiers on the way, which became an excuse for the great powers to wage war.
On June 2 1900, the Qing government declared war on Britain, the United States, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands and Austria in the name of Guangxu.
Extended data:
The atrocities of the G8:
1900, 14 In August, Beijing was completely occupied. Wherever Eight-Nation Alliance went, he killed, set fire to, raped and plundered! There are countless treasures stolen and looted from the Forbidden City, Zhongnanhai and the Summer Palace! Among them, the famous Yuanmingyuan, after the British and French allied forces, was looted and eventually became a ruin.
After the allied forces occupied Beijing, they killed everyone they saw, none left, and even took pleasure in killing people, accusing the innocent of being beheaded and shot by the boxer. They shot and chased men, women and children at will, and shot and stabbed the old, weak, women and children to death.
The French army chased China into a dead end and scanned it with a machine gun for ten minutes, leaving no survivors. The British shelled and killed the Boxers and the masses. Germans will shoot China when they meet him. The allied forces used extremely cruel means such as shooting, stabbing, hanging, burning, clubbing, strangling, raping and killing, which created a great tragedy in which Chinese and foreign murderers were caught.
The streets of Beijing are full of chopped heads, and some houses are hung with heads and dismembered bodies. For fun, the Japanese army deliberately shot at non-lethal places and tested bullets. A Japanese officer named Aoki once cut off dozens of women's breasts and cooked them into porridge.
A foreign soldier broke into a room in the Summer Palace and saw a little maid-in-waiting buttoning something naked. That foreign soldier was so savage that he raped her and finally used a hard object.
After careful inspection, I learned that after the allied soldiers who robbed him robbed a lot of things like golden buddhas, because there were too many gold and silver treasures at that time, they did not cherish them well, so they inserted a small golden Buddha for the ladies-in-waiting. So the foreign soldiers took the maid-in-waiting away by caesarean section with a knife.
One of the leaders of the allied forces robbed a woman in extremely luxurious clothes. Judging from her clothes, she should belong to a noble family. After falling into the hands of the leader and being raped, the woman didn't say a word and didn't resist. Just like Woodenhead, she was killed a few days later, and the Allied leaders took off her little shoes and took them back to China as souvenirs. ?
The joint crusade team composed of German, Japanese, French and Russian troops was the fiercest. In the suburbs of Beijing, countless villages and towns were flooded with blood, and all men were killed, while women were humiliated first and then killed. The means are extremely cruel. Innocent old people have become the targets of foreign soldiers, and the bodies of children who have been cut open can be seen everywhere, and the elderly, weak women and children have even been thrown into wells and rivers.
Seven daughters of Yulu, the governor of Zhili, were gang-raped by the allied forces in the Temple of Heaven, and then became official prostitutes. The concubines, daughters and daughter-in-law of Chongzhi, the father-in-law of Emperor Tongzhi, also suffered this misfortune. People of all ages 10 were forced to commit suicide after being publicly raped by dozens of allied officers and soldiers.
Anhui Governor Furun's 90-year-old mother was stripped naked and humiliated by robbers, and tortured to death with a whip. German soldiers gang raped women in the street and threw the victims into the fire.
British soldiers tied a civilian to vent and executed him in the middle of the year. Foreign soldiers insulted women by outrageous means, even cut off women's feet and breasts and stabbed their private parts with bayonets for fun. The French army even showed women's skin to the public, which was shameless and cruel beyond the imagination of ordinary people.
According to records: "On the day of breaking the city, foreigners killed countless people".
Baidu Encyclopedia-Cixi