On the socialist enterprise system-the fundamental way out for the reform of state-owned enterprises (abridged version) 1. Philosophy guiding the establishment of scientific management system of socialist enterprises The motto and slogan of modern people should be "All for me and all for me". It not only takes care of everyone's own interests, but also leads this vitality to the wealth of the country and enterprises. On the basis of this idea, explore the establishment of a modern enterprise system of socialist state-owned enterprises. The urgent task of this system is to set an example under the condition of scientific management and promote the upgrading of China's industrial structure and the transformation of economic growth mode. It is said that Daqing Oilfield started from Mao Zedong's "two theories", namely "practice theory" and "contradiction theory". Today, to achieve the goal of China's prosperity, we should mainly rely on Mao Zedong Thought and his theory, which can't be replaced by anyone else's theory. However, we can keep pace with the times and make some useful supplements under the principle of "not deviating from the path of socialism". Why mention Mao Zedong's "Two Theories"? Because of its practical guiding significance. Please look at his viewpoint in "On Practice": "Dialectical materialism in Marxist philosophy has two most remarkable characteristics: first, its class nature, which openly declares that dialectical materialism serves the proletariat; The other is its practicality, which emphasizes the dependence of theory on practice. Theory is based on practice, and then turns to serve practice. Judging whether knowledge or theory is true or not depends not on subjective feelings, but on the results of objective social practice. The standard of truth can only be social practice. Practical viewpoint is the primary and basic viewpoint of dialectical materialism epistemology. " In "On Contradiction", he added: "In the development of complex things, there are many contradictions, one of which must be the main contradiction. Because of its existence and development, it stipulates and affects the existence and development of other contradictions. " "To study any process, if there are more than two complicated processes that contradict each other, we should try our best to find out its main contradiction. Grasping this principal contradiction can solve all problems. This is the method that Marx's study of capitalist society tells us. ...... Thousands of scholars and practitioners don't understand this method, and as a result, they can't find the center, that is, they can't find a solution to the contradiction. " Second, analyze the main contradiction between China economy and state-owned enterprises. So, what is the main contradiction between China's economy and society and socialist state-owned enterprises? I think it is to deal with the problem of distribution according to work. Because the principle of distribution according to work serves the interests of proletarian workers, only by handling this problem well can we stimulate their subjective vitality and actively establish and improve a modern enterprise system that is in line with the specific reality of their own enterprises and scientific management. The fundamental difference between socialist modern enterprise system and capitalist modern enterprise system lies in: the former is mainly distribution according to work, while the latter is mainly distribution according to capital; The former follows the mass line, the highest authority is the workers' congress, and the main leaders of the factory are appointed by representatives through discussion, while the latter follows the elite line. The highest authority is the board of directors composed of major shareholders, and all affairs in the enterprise are decided by the boss or prospective boss. The scientific management of state-owned enterprises generally refers to their micro-functions. At present, it also has a main task at the macro level, that is, under this management mechanism, it is conducive to the implementation of independent scientific and technological innovation and the continuous improvement of the product structure of enterprises. There are two major problems in China's economy that need to be solved urgently: one is to change the economic growth model; The second is to find an ideal way out for the huge foreign exchange reserve funds with foreign trade surplus, without buying American debt year after year. In fact, these two problems can be solved as a whole. What we are doing now is to buy foreign advanced high-tech products or their technologies with a large amount of foreign exchange. There are two main problems with this. First, the cost is high and uneconomical. Generally speaking, foreign countries will not transfer the most advanced products and technologies, and they are often refused to sell them. In a word, no matter how much money is spent, the transformation of China's economic growth model cannot be completed by buying ready-made high-tech products and technologies. If our foreign exchange funds are mainly used to introduce foreign high-tech intellectual talents, it may help to complete the transformation of the economic growth model. Contrary to the above two problems, this has two advantages: first, it costs less than buying ready-made products and technologies, and second, it is expected to obtain the most advanced technologies. China has a huge surplus in commodity foreign trade, but the import and export of high-tech talents is a big deficit. A report of China Academy of Social Sciences in June 5438+February 2007 estimated that there were more than 300,000 overseas Chinese mainland professionals, including many well-educated elites, and 76% of students from most departments of Peking University had emigrated to the United States. These talents trained by China at a huge educational cost can create high added value, which is undoubtedly a huge loss for China, which is in urgent need of developing talents. In addition, more high-tech talents from China choose to be employed by foreign-funded enterprises in China, which is also a brain drain. According to authoritative sources, in China's manufacturing industry, most high-tech key equipment and core technologies such as chips are basically imported. A typical example is the machine tool industry, which is very important to the national economy. In the domestic market, domestic low-end machine tools account for 100%, domestic mid-range machine tools account for 20%, and domestic high-end CNC machine tools only account for 1%. Third, the main ideas to solve the problem On the one hand, there is a large loss of high-tech talents in China; On the other hand, many high-tech products in China lack talent research and development. How did this contradiction and many other social and economic contradictions come into being? In the final analysis, it all stems from the failure to handle the problem of distribution according to work. If this principal contradiction is handled properly, not only all other contradictions can be solved, but also a new major problem we are facing, that is, the way out of foreign exchange reserves, which can be used to introduce a large number of overseas high-tech talents, improve the research and development ability of high-tech products and change the economic growth model. Only by implementing scientific management and establishing a socialist modern enterprise system can state-owned enterprises undertake this important task. The purpose of establishing this system is to greatly improve economic benefits and benefit both the state and the workers. To achieve this goal, the following mechanisms must be established to ensure that: first, the government and enterprises should take their respective responsibilities; The second is the profit sharing mechanism of state-owned enterprises and industries; Third, the independent management mechanism of enterprises; Fourth, the mechanism of (exercising) the power of the post (worker) on behalf of the (table) meeting; Fifth, the democratic election mechanism of factory directors; Sixth, the new mechanism for cadres to give up their mistakes; Seventh, the mechanism of mutual selection and combination between teams and groups, eighth, the mechanism of introducing (overseas high-tech) talents with high salaries; Nine is the mechanism of distributing wages according to work; Wait a minute. 4. For the details of the conclusion, please refer to the book "General Plan for Revitalizing State-owned Enterprises —— On the Only Way to Achieve Common Prosperity for All People in China" published by me on Utopia website in March 2008. If the theoretical level of capitalist market economics has reached the peak of doctoral degree, my article may be lower than that of primary school, but it is only at the kindergarten level. But no matter how low the level is, probably no one can deny that my article is the pioneering work of socialist market economics, and its theoretical basis is practice, which is the economic practice of China society, instead of selling some goods in the theoretical library of western capitalist market economics to socialist China. Another characteristic of my theoretical article is its class nature, which serves the proletariat, not the bourgeoisie as the theoretical article of capitalist market economics does. So far, China is still a socialist country under the guidance of dialectical materialism of Marxist philosophy and led by the * * * production party, claiming to implement a socialist market economy. However, in the economic field, it is not surprising that there has not been a book on the success or failure of China's socialist economic practice with the aim of serving the interests of hundreds of millions of workers for so many years.