Slogan: Help the Qing Dynasty destroy the ocean.

On June 20, the German ambassador to China, Cleander, went to the Prime Minister's Office to ask for protection on behalf of all countries, and was ambushed by Qing soldiers on the way (because Cleander had shot and killed the Boxer Rebellion, this behavior was considered as revenge); The fuse of war. In June 2 1 year, the Qing government declared war on Britain, America, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, Spain, Belgium, the Netherlands and Austria in the name of Guangxu. While declaring war on all countries, the Qing court also offered a reward for killing foreigners, stipulating that "killing a foreigner will be rewarded with fifty taels; 42 foreign women; Thirty-two foreign children. " Boxers and imperial troops surrounded the embassy in Beijing. The number of people besieged in the embassy area is about 3,000, of whom about 2,000 are China people seeking protection; There are 400 foreign male civilians, women 147 and 76 children. There are also 409 soldiers, sailors and marines, equipped with 3 machine guns and 4 small caliber guns. While countries are preparing to rescue the embassy by force, the embassy has built fortifications, and Claude Maxwell MacDonald, the British minister, is responsible for directing the resistance. On June 25th, four brothers, Zaiyi, Zaixun, Zailian and Zaiying, who were in power in the Qing court, led more than 60 Boxers to Yingtai to assassinate Guangxu, but they were stopped by Empress Dowager Cixi. The Eight-Nation Alliance incident in the Forbidden City eventually turned into an international military conflict. Before the incident subsided, Japanese, American, Austro-Hungarian Empire, British (including China Corps trained by British in Ahava), French, German, Italian, Russian Eight-Nation Alliance and China fought against the Boxer Rebellion with a total of about 45,000 troops. The allied commander who marched into Beijing from July to August was Russian general Reinevich. 14 July, the allied forces occupied Tianjin; Yulu, governor of Zhili, committed suicide after the defeat. On July 28th, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom ministers Xu Jingcheng and Chang Yuan were executed by the Qing court. On August 4, the allied forces advanced to Beijing, and there was no real stubborn resistance along the way. At that time, it was estimated that there were as many as 6.5438+0.5 million Qing soldiers and Boxers along the route, while the total number of allied troops was only over 30,000 at first (later increased). It was August, the climate was hot and humid, and the dense cornfields along the way formed a natural barrier, which added various difficulties to the March. 1 1 In August, the Qing court executed Lian Yuan, Li Shan and Xu Yongyi, the main ministers. 14 In the early morning of August, the allies came outside Beijing. After two days of fierce fighting, he gradually captured the gate of Beijing on August 15, and then started street fighting with the Qing army all over the capital. On the evening of August 16, Eight-Nation Alliance has basically occupied the whole city of Beijing. After the fall of Beijing, Cixi and the royal family immediately left in a hurry and fled to xi. Eight-Nation Alliance entered the Forbidden City. In American historical records, the military action to relieve the crisis of the legation was called China's rescue expedition, while China called it Eight-Nation Alliance's war of aggression against China. At Kaiser Wilhelm II's insistence, Wadesi? (Count Waldsey) was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Forces on August 7th. However, Worthy? The Germans arrived in China two months after the Allied invasion. They eagerly carried out the order issued by William II on July 2nd: "You know, you are facing a cunning, brave, well-equipped and cruel enemy. If you meet him, remember: don't sympathize with him and don't accept prisoners of war. You must fight bravely, so that China people will not dare to peep at the Germans after a thousand years. " Robbery everywhere and criticism. William II's speech is a memory of the Huns' invasion of Europe in the 5th century. Later, this passage was also borrowed by the British in World War I to belittle their German enemies. In addition to attacking Peking with the allied forces, Russia also sent more than 200,000 people from the north and south roads to occupy the northeast of China. North Road Russian troops captured Qiqihar, the capital of Heilongjiang, in August and Jilin, the capital of Jilin, in September; South Road occupied Yingkou in August, Shenyang in October, and the two armies joined forces in October, occupying the whole northeast.