-the worst battle in the Long March
1934165438+1In mid-October, the Central Red Army broke through three enemy blockade lines and entered Jiahe, Lanshan and Linwu areas in southern Hunan. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek really figured out the destination of the Red Army's strategic shift. He appointed He Jian, the leader of Xiang, as the commander-in-chief of the "Pursuit Army", mobilized Xiang and Gui Jun, deployed heavily on both sides of the Xiangjiang River, which was nearly three hundred miles between Lingling and Xing 'an, built bunkers and set up the fourth blockade. Chiang Kai-shek personally led Zhou Hunyuan's department of the Kuomintang Central Army and some Xiang troops to pursue it. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek was full of pride and thought that the Red Army would be wiped out between Xiangjiang River and Xiaoshui.
1654381On October 20th, Bai Chongxi saw a unit of the Red Army occupy the rivers in southern Hunan and run to Gongcheng, Guangxi. Bai Chongxi, like the Guangdong Army and Xiang Army, did not want to fight recklessly with the Red Army and consume troops, lest the Red Army enter the province or be annexed by Chiang Kai-shek. June165438+1October 265438+. In order to protect himself, He Jian did not send troops south as soon as possible, resulting in 130 Li defense line being unguarded for 7 days.
The opportunity to successfully pass the fourth blockade has arrived. Unfortunately, the Red Army failed to seize this opportunity.
165438+1On October 25th, the Central Military Commission issued the order to cross the Xiangjiang River. The vanguard troops of Red 1 Legion arrived at Jieshou on June 27th 165438+, occupied the ferry without fighting, and soon took control of the banks of Xiangjiang River 60 miles north of Jieshou. At this time, the column of the Military Commission also reached the Guiyan area north of Guanyang, less than 80 kilometers away from the ferry.
The remaining problem is to buy time. Emergency orders followed. My feeling is that the column of the CMC just can't speed up the March. 165438+1October 26th, walked 8 kilometers; On the 27th, I only walked 6 kilometers; On the 28th, I walked 28 kilometers. On the 29th, I walked 32 kilometers. It took four days to walk to the Xiangjiang River. The Supreme Three-member Regiment wants to move the whole Central Soviet Area to Xiangxi. Before the breakthrough, thousands of porters were hired and more than 3,000 pairs of porters were tied. The arsenal was demolished and all the factories unloaded their machines. Anything valuable that can be moved is carried away on the backs of mules and donkeys, forming a huge seven-party transport team. It takes seven or eight people to lift the lithography machine and a dozen people to lift the cannon chassis. I can't bear to leave it behind. Walking on the narrow path in the mountains, how can such a team speed up the March?
165438+1On October 29th, Xiang Army and Gui Jun swarmed in, and the enemy launched an attack on the Red Army crossing the river. In order to cover the safe crossing of the river by the Party Central Committee, the Red Army soldiers on both sides of the strait fought to the death with the superior enemy. In the red army's sniper position, shells and large explosions were heard, and many soldiers who had no time to build fortifications were stunned and had ear, nose and blood. The Red Army, with its single equipment, must use its flesh and blood to resist the indiscriminate bombing of enemy planes and heavy artillery, and the cruelty of the battle can be imagined. However, the slogan of "defending the central column to cross the river safely" still resounded over the position.
65438+February 1, the fighting reached a white-hot level, and the enemy launched an all-out attack on me in an attempt to recapture the ferry and annihilate me on the way across the river. This is a battle of life and death, a contest of will. Meet the brave in the narrow road and win. The Red Army soldiers simply defeated the enemy's entire company and battalion with bayonets and grenades. The blood of countless Red Army soldiers spilled on both sides of the Xiangjiang River, and the ferry was always firmly in the hands of the Red Army. On the day of 17, the central authorities and the Red Army troops finally crossed the Xiangjiang River to fight to the death.
Xiangjiang Campaign is the most heroic and crucial campaign since the breakthrough of the Central Red Army. Our army fought hard with the superior enemy, and finally tore open the heavily fortified blockade of the enemy and shattered Chiang Kai-shek's attempt to surround the Red Army to the east of Xiangjiang River.
Although the Red Army broke through the fourth blockade, it paid a huge price. The 5th Army Corps and Shao * * * International Division, which were established on the eve of the Long March, lost more than half, and the 8th Army Corps lost even more. The 34th Division was surrounded by the enemy, and all the officers and men fought bloody battles until the ammunition and food were exhausted, and most of their comrades died heroically. After crossing the Xiangjiang River, the two columns of the Central Red Army and the Central Military Commission have been reduced from 86,000 at the time of departure to 30,000.
The Xiangjiang River War was the biggest fiasco in the history of the Red Army. The bloody facts declared the complete bankruptcy of the "Left" dogmatic military line, and pushed the red army officers and men's doubts and dissatisfaction with Wang Ming's line to a climax.
Forced crossing the Wujiang River: 65438+65438 0935+110. In October, the Central Committee made the "the Political Bureau of the Central Committee's Decision on New Actions after Crossing the River". The decision pointed out: "Establish new Soviet base areas in Sichuan and Guizhou. First of all, it is the most central task to develop northern Guizhou with Zunyi as the center and then develop to southern Sichuan. " The General Political Department of the Red Army issued the "Instructions on Disintegrating the Guizhou White Army". Zhu De telegraphed the ministries of the Red Army that "there shall be no less than one regiment of illegal immigrants". The 2nd Division of the Red Army Corps arrived at the south bank of Wujiang River, and its avant-garde 4th Regiment approached the border river ferry of Wujiang River to conduct fire reconnaissance and prepare to cross the river ... Detailed process.
Sidu Chishui: The Central Red Army flexibly creates fighter planes, moves and fights, annihilates the enemy, wins more with less, turns passivity into initiative ... Detailed process.
Jinsha River in Du Qiao
Jinsha River is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. It runs through the deep mountains and narrow valleys along the Sichuan-Yunnan border, with a wide river surface and big waves. If the Red Army cannot cross the river, it is in danger of being pushed into the deep mountains and narrow valleys by the enemy and being wiped out by the whole army. When the Red Army marched on the Jinsha River, Chiang Kai-shek woke up from his dream and suddenly realized that the purpose of the Red Army was neither Guiyang nor Kunming, but "there is no doubt that we will cross the Jinsha River." On April 28th, 1935, he ordered to control the ferry, destroy the ship and close the river. On the eve of the Red Army's arrival in Jinsha River, the enemy along the river has swept all the ships to the north bank.
On May 3rd, 1935, the comrades of the cadre group of the Central Military Commission accepted the task of robbing Jiao Pingdu. Without saying anything, they crossed the mountains and mountains, and traveled day and night 180 miles, and arrived at Jinsha River that night. They were lucky to find a boat at the ferry. It turned out that the ship sent spies to the south bank to inquire about the situation, and the spies did not know where to go. Later, with the help of local farmers, they fished out a broken boat from the water and blocked the leak with cloth.
Then, they quietly crossed to the north shore in these two boats. The enemy sentry thought the spy was back and didn't care. They suddenly attacked, wiped out a regular army and a security team in one fell swoop, and took control of the ferries on both sides of Jiaoping Ferry. Later, they found five more boats and mobilized 36 ferrymen.
At the same time, the Red Army Corps arrived at Longjie Ferry and the Red Army Corps arrived at Hongmen Ferry, but there were no boats at these two ferries, and the river was too wide to bridge. The CMC ordered them to quickly move to Jiaoping to cross the river.
From May 3 to 9, seven days and seven nights, the main force of the Red Army crossed the river calmly in these seven boats. After crossing the Wujiang River in the south, the 9th Army Corps, as a defender, has been hovering in Qianxi under the orders of the Central Military Commission, shifting from east to west and from south to north, thus containing some enemy troops. On May 6th, he arrived between Dongchuan and Qiaojia County, and successfully crossed the river in Du Shujie on May 9th. Two days later, the enemy pursuers reached the south bank. However, the Red Army has destroyed the ship and closed the river, far away.
Forcing crossing the Dadu River
Daduhe Tiesuo Bridge
1At the beginning of May, 935, after crossing the Jinsha River from Jiaoping, Yunnan, the Central Red Army continued northward along Huili-Xichang Avenue, preparing to cross the Dadu River and enter the northwest of Sichuan. Chiang Kai-shek urgently ordered Xue Yue, commander-in-chief of the front line of the Second Route Army, to lead the main force to cross Jinsha River to Xichang, Sichuan; The main force of the 24 th Army of Sichuan Army built a containment along the left bank of Dadu River from Luding to Fuling (now Hanyuan); With the main force of the 20th Army and the first part of the 2nd1Army advancing to Ya 'an and Fulin areas, the defense forces north of the Dadu River will be strengthened. Trying to rely on the natural barrier of the Dadu River, attacking the south and blocking the north, and encircling the area south of the Dadu River.
Dadu River is the main tributary of Minjiang River, with a width of 300 meters, rapid water depth and steep mountains on both sides, making it extremely difficult for large troops to pass through. On the evening of May 24th, the vanguard troops 1 division 1 regiment of the Central Red Army rushed to Anshun Field on the right bank of the Dadu River after more than 80 kilometers of urgent marching. This place is stationed by two companies of Sichuan Army, and the ferry is defended by the 7th Regiment 1 Battalion, 5th Brigade, 24th Army of Sichuan Army. That night, the Red 1 Tuan2 Battalion led by Li Lin, the political commissar of the regiment, went to the lower reaches of the ferry to feint. Red 1 the head of the regiment 1 the battalion approached Anshun field in the rain and suddenly attacked. After more than 20 minutes of fighting, two companies of Sichuan Army were defeated, and Anshun Field was occupied. The wooden boat 1 was found near the ferry.
On the morning of 25th, Liu Bocheng and Nie came to the front line to command. Sun Jixian, battalion commander of Red 1 Regiment 1 Battalion, selected 17 soldiers from Erlian to form a river crossing commando, with company commander Xiong Shanglin as the captain and four local boatmen as the ferry crossing. At 7 o'clock, the forced crossing began, and light and heavy weapons on the shore fired at the same time to cover the commandos crossing the river. Two mortar shells fired by gunner Zhao Zhangcheng hit the bunker on the other side. The commandos braved the intensive bullets and artillery fire of the Sichuan army and advanced in the rapids. Close to the other side, the Sichuan army counterattacked the ferry, and Yang Dezhi ordered two more shots, which hit the key of the Sichuan army. Commandos quickly went ashore, fought bravely with the fire support from the right bank, repelled the counterattack of the Sichuan Army, took control of the ferry, and the follow-up troops crossed the river in time to reinforce, defeating the Sichuan Army 1 battalion in one fell swoop and consolidating the crossing point. Subsequently, Red 1 Legion 1 Division and Cadre Regiment passed the Dadu River, which was regarded as insurmountable by the Kuomintang army.
Feiduo Luding Bridge
On May 25th, 1935, after the Red Army 1 division 1 regiment, the vanguard of the Long March of the Central Red Army, successfully crossed the Dadu River in Anshunchang, Sichuan, Chiang Kai-shek dispatched two brigades of the Sichuan Army to reinforce Luding Bridge. In order to cross the Dadu River quickly and thwart the Kuomintang troops' attempt to attack the Red Army from front to back, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission decided that the 1 division and the Red Army 1 Corps cadres would continue to cross the river from Anshun Field and go north along the left bank of the Dadu River. The main force from Anshun field went north along the right bank of Dadu River, and two roads entered with the river, quickly seizing Luding Bridge.
On the morning of 27th, Red 1 4th Regiment, 2nd Division, led by its head Wang Kaixiang and political commissar Yang Chengwu, set out from Anshun Field, broke through the blockade of Sichuan Army along the way, and occupied160km by force after two days and nights. On the morning of 29th, it occupied the west bridge head of Luding Bridge. Luding Bridge is 100 meter long and 2.8 meters wide, spanning the surging Dadu River, with cliffs on both sides, and the east bridge head is connected with Luding City. Before the arrival of the Red Army, the 38th Regiment (1 Battalion) of Sichuan Army, which was guarding the city, had removed the boards on the bridge, leaving only the suspended iron cables. At 16, 22 commandos, including Liao Dazhu, the 2nd company commander of the Red Fourth Regiment, braved the intensive artillery fire of the Sichuan Army, climbed the iron chain and launched an attack on the other side. When approaching the bridge, the Sichuan army suddenly cast a fire barrier, and the commandos bravely crossed the fire wall and rushed into Luding City to fight with the Sichuan army in the street. The follow-up troops went into battle in time. After fierce fighting, the Red Army occupied Luding City, one part of the Sichuan Army was wiped out, and the rest fled to Tianquan. At the same time, the Red 1 Division and the Cadre Regiment defeated the Sichuan Army and successfully arrived in Luding City to cooperate with the Red 4 Regiment in the battle to seize the bridge. Then, the main force of the Central Red Army crossed the natural barrier Dadu River from Luding Bridge, crushing Chiang Kai-shek's attempt to annihilate the Red Army south of the Dadu River.
Battle of Baozuo:1On August 3, 935, the Red Army Headquarters made a plan for the battle of Xia Tao, which divided the Red Army into two armies: Zhuokeji and the 5th, 9th, 3rd1,32nd and 33rd armies to the south were left-wing armies, led by Zhu De and Zhang, and advanced northward through Aba; The armies in Maoergai 1, 3, 4 and 30 were on the right, led by Xu and Chen Changhao, and went north via Banyou. The Central Committee and the Central Revolutionary Military Commission act together with the right-wing army ... detailed process.
Guild war lazikou
On September 3, 1935, the party central Committee led the Shaanxi-Gansu detachment (adapted from the red army 1, the third army and the column of the military commission) to set off from the Russian border along the east bank of the Bailong river. Climb the mountain, cross the ridge, go deep into the dense forest, destroy some enemy troops, and reach Lazikou at the foot of Minshan Mountain on 17.
Lazikou is an important pass of Minshan mountain range and the gateway to Gannan in northwest Sichuan. Its mouth is about 30 meters wide, surrounded by mountains, and the terrain is very dangerous. There is a narrow ravine between the two cliffs, with steep cliffs on both sides. A river in the mountain is rushing down, and there is a wooden bridge across the river at the pass, which is the only way to cross Lazikou. Chiang Kai-shek deployed two divisions in Minxian and Lazikou areas in an attempt to block the way out of the Red Army by natural hazards. Two battalions of Lu Dachang are stationed in Lazikou, 1 Battalion guards the pass, 1 Battalion deploys the triangle valley behind the pass, and the main division is deployed in the area from the north of the pass to Minxian County, ready for reinforcements. They built bunkers on bridges and cliffs to form a crossfire network.
Mao Zedong clearly knew that if Lazikou was in danger again, the Red Army would attack it, or it would have to return to the grassland. Wujiang River, Jinsha River and Dadu River did not stop the Red Army from advancing, but the Red Army came over on the snowy mountain grassland. Mao Zedong decisively issued the order of "taking the Lazikou in two days".
On the afternoon of September 17, the Red Army 1 4th Regiment of the 2nd Division launched a fierce attack on Lazikou. However, due to the unfavorable terrain, the troops could not be deployed. From afternoon to midnight, continuous charging failed for more than a dozen times. In the middle of the night, the troops suspended the attack and re-studied the battle plan. According to the newly detected situation and the soldiers' suggestions, they decided to divide their troops into two ways. A route led by Yang Chengwu, the political commissar of the Sixth Company, attacked from the front at night and seized the wooden bridge. If the sneak attack fails to achieve continuous attack, it will make the enemy tired, consume the enemy's ammunition and cause the enemy to panic. Wang Kaixiang, the head of the other team, led the company 1 2, quietly detoured to the right of Lazikou, climbed the steep cliff and touched the enemy's back.
The battle began again, just as the frontal battle was fierce, the circuitous troops had touched the cliff on the right side of Lazikou. A Miao warrior with an iron hook and a long pole climbed the steep wall first, then wrapped the leggings connected in advance around the trunk and put them down. Later, the soldiers pulled up the leggings one by one. They suddenly appeared behind the enemy, scared the enemy out of his wits, threw down their guns and ran away.
After passing through Lazikou, the Shaanxi-Gansu detachment led by the CPC Central Committee occupied Hadapu in Gannan on September 20th. At this point, the CPC Central Committee and the main force of the Red Army finally walked out of the Tibetan areas with snowy mountains and grasslands, breaking Chiang Kai-shek's plot to "trap" the Red Army by using harsh natural conditions.
Battle in Zhiluo Town: 1935 1 0/019, the 3rd13 Army Corps of the Central Red Army successfully arrived in Wuqi, Baoan County, Shaanxi-Gansu base area, and successfully ended the Long March. Chiang Kai-shek was extremely uneasy when the Central Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi smoothly. He mobilized five divisions of the Northeast Army to encircle the Red Army and Peng, and decided to concentrate his forces and fight south. Destroy the enemy on the east bank of Hulu River in Zhiluo Town first, and then transfer troops to destroy it ... in detail.
Battle of zhiluo town
1935 1 0 June19, the Central Red Army13 Army Corps successfully arrived in Baoan County, Wuqi, Shaanxi-Gansu base area, and successfully ended the Long March. 1 65438+1October 3, according to the decision of the CPC Central Committee, the Northwest Revolutionary Military Commission was established, with Peng as the chairman, and the Red 15 Army was incorporated into the Red1Army, * * about 1. 1 10,000 people.
When the Central Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi smoothly, Chiang Kai-shek was extremely uneasy. Assemble five divisions of Northeast Army, take four divisions of Dong Yingbin's department as the west road, set out from Qingyang and Heshui, and cross Taibai Town along the east side of Hulu River. Take Wang Yizhe Department 1 Division as the east road, advance from Luochuan, and then advance along the west of Hulu River through Yangquan Town, in an attempt to advance from east to west and encircle the area between Hulu River and Luohe River. In order to crush the enemy's new attack, he Peng decided to concentrate his forces and fight south. First, wipe out one part of the enemy advancing on the east bank of Hulu River in Zhiluo town, and then transfer troops to wipe it out.
1October 20th, 1 109, the enemy vanguard troops attacked Zhiluo town along Hulu Valley and Nanbei Mountain under the cover of aircraft. The Red Army resisted with one soldier and one pawn, and gradually lured the enemy into Zhiluo town and entered the battlefield preset by the Red Army. 1 65438+1October 2 1 At night, the Red Army1main force deployed to the enemy from the standby position and suddenly attacked the enemy at dawn. 1 The Legion attacked the north mountain of Zhiluo Town from the north and northwest, cutting off the enemy's retreat; 15 Legion attacked Nanshan and southeast of Zhiluo Town from southwest, south and southeast to stop the enemy from fleeing eastward. When the fierce battle reached 14, the enemy's 109 normal headquarters was completely annihilated, and more than 500 of its remnants retreated into the southeast Tuzhai of Zhiluo Town. At this point, the enemy's east and west reinforcements have approached Zhiluo town. In order to continue to annihilate the enemy, the Red Army/KOOC-0/besieged the remnants of the enemy/KOOC-0/09 division, stopped the enemy/KOOC-0//KOOC-0/7 division with a few troops, and the main force attacked the enemy/KOOC-0/06,/KOOC-0//KOOC-0/division from the west. After being blocked by me, the two divisions retreated west of Hulu River on 23rd for fear of being annihilated. The Red Army 1 pursued victory and annihilated in Zhangjiawan area 106 Division 1 Regiment. Surrounded by our army, the remnants of the enemy 109 Division in the southeast of Zhiluo Town are hopeless. They broke through at midnight on 23rd, and were annihilated by our army on 24th morning, killing the enemy 109 division commander Niu Yuanfeng. At this point, the battle of Zhiluo Town ended successfully.
This campaign * * * wiped out the enemy 1 division and 1 regiment, captured more than 5,000 people, and smashed the enemy's third "encirclement and suppression" of the Shaanxi-Gansu base area. The victory of the battle of Zhiluo Town laid a cornerstone ceremony for the task of the CPC Central Committee to put the national revolutionary base camp in the northwest.
Crusade Campaign: 1935, 10 In June, the Central Red Army's Long March arrived in northern Shaanxi, ending the strategic shift and placing the base camp of China Revolution and the starting point of the national war of resistance in the northwest. At that time, the "autonomy movement of five provinces in North China" directed by Japan was going on, and the five provinces in North China had existed in name only. 1936 65438+ 10/5 "Order on the Red Army's eastward March to resist Japan and its crusade against the traitor Yen Hsi-shan" was issued, and various troops marched eastward to prepare to cross the river.
Battle of the Western Expedition:1On May 5, 936, after the Red Army moved eastward and returned to northern Shaanxi, the Northwest Revolutionary Military Commission published "Armistice and Peace, Unity and Anti-Japanese Electrification". Chiang Kai-shek insisted on his civil war policy, not only refused to accept this proposal, but also continued to mobilize a large number of troops to prepare for a new siege of our Shaanxi-Gansu base area
Number of people:
During the Long March, the Red Army had 86,000 people, and 1.3 Legion and CMC column had about 8,000 people in Yan 'an from 1935.
There were 80,000 people in the Red Fourth Front Army during the Long March, and about 30,000 people when 1936 arrived in northern Shaanxi.
During the Long March, there were 17000 people in the Red Army Corps and about 1936 people in the Red Army Corps went to Yan 'an.
The Red 25th Army had 298 1 person during the Long March, and 3,400 people arrived in Yan 'an from 1935.
During the Long March, the Red Army consisted of five regiments and columns: CMC 1, 3, 5, 8 and 9. After the first and fourth armies joined forces, the fifth and ninth regiments moved with the fourth army, and the fifth and third armies merged into the fifth army. The ninth army was changed to the thirty-second army. After the Red Fourth Army joined forces with the Second and Sixth Armies, the Second and Sixth Armies of the Thirty-two Armies merged into the Red Second Army.
2500 people from the Red 25 Army arrived in southern Shaanxi and established the Hubei, Henan and Shaanxi base areas in southern Shaanxi. The number of troops has increased to nearly 5000. 1935 In July, more than 3,700 people from 25 armies set out from southern Shaanxi and arrived in northern Shaanxi in September.