The Reform Movement of 1898 was initiated by the bourgeois reformists.

Wuchang Uprising was launched by the national bourgeoisie headed by Sun Yat-sen.

Introduction:

Westernization Movement

Westernization movement, also known as self-help movement and self-improvement movement in the late Qing Dynasty. This movement was a "self-improvement" and "seeking wealth" movement launched by the Westernization School in 19 from 1960s to 1990s, which introduced western military equipment, machine production and science and technology to maintain feudal rule. (The slogan in the early stage is "self-improvement" and the slogan in the later stage is "seeking wealth")

Although the Westernization Movement did not make China rich and strong for more than 30 years, it introduced advanced western science and technology, which led to the emergence of the first batch of modern enterprises in China and objectively promoted the emergence and development of Chinese national capitalism.

The fundamental guiding ideology is "self-improvement" and "wealth". Its classification ideas are "learning from foreigners to control foreigners" and "learning from China and using the West". The first four words "learning from foreigners to control foreigners" show the relationship between the Westernization Movement and foreign capitalist aggressors, that is, the way to learn western skills to resist western aggression.

Hundred Days Reform (1898)

The Reform Movement of 1898, also known as the Hundred Days Reform, refers to the political reform movement of agriculture, industry and commerce that the reformists advocated learning from the West, advocating science and culture, reforming the political and educational systems, and developing agriculture, industry and commerce through Emperor Guangxu from June to September.

However, the Reform Movement of 1898 was strongly resisted and opposed because it harmed the interests of the old school (die-hards) headed by Empress Dowager Cixi. 2 1, In September, 898, Empress Dowager Cixi and others staged a 1898 coup, and Emperor Guangxu was imprisoned in Zhongnanhai. The reformists Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao fled to France, Japan and the Six Gentlemen of the Reform Movement of 1898 respectively.

Main contents: reform government institutions, abolish redundant staff and appoint reformers; Encourage private enterprises to set up industrial and mining enterprises; Open new schools to attract talents, translate western books and spread new ideas; Establish newspapers and open their opinions; At the same time, it is stipulated that stereotyped writing, redundant yamen and useless official positions should be abolished in the imperial examination in the future.

The Reform Movement of 1898 was an important political reform in the modern history of China, and it was also an enlightenment trend of thought, which promoted ideological emancipation, social progress, ideological and cultural development, and promoted the progress of modern China society.

Wuchang Uprising

Wuchang Uprising refers to 19 1 1 June 0 10 (191August/September) which took place in Wuchang, Hubei Province to overthrow the Qing Dynasty. After the failure of the Huanghuagang Uprising, the revolutionaries, mainly the Literary Society and the * * * Progressive Association, decided to turn their targets to the Yangtze River basin and prepare to launch a new armed uprising in the Hubei and Hunan regions with Wuhan as the center. Through the efforts of revolutionaries, the epoch-making Wuchang Uprising was finally successfully launched in19165438+ 10 in June (the third year of Qing Dynasty). The victory of the uprising gradually led to the demise of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the first democratic republic in Asia-the Republic of China, which was the beginning of democratic harmony between Asia and China and was a milestone in the history of China. The military commander of Wuchang Uprising was Jiang Yiwu, the chief of staff was Sun Wu, and the prime minister was Gong Liu. After the rebels took control of the three towns in Wuhan, the Hubei military government was established, with Li as the governor and the title changed to the Republic of China, calling on the people of all provinces to revolt and respond to the Revolution of 1911. The former site of Wuhan Xinhai Revolutionary Military Government is now the Wuchang Uprising Memorial Hall of Xinhai Revolution.