The expansion of militaristic ambitions
World War I was a war in which imperialism carved up the world. The war did not solve the contradiction between them, but in some ways caused new contradictions because of the uneven distribution of dirt. For example, Japan, as a victorious country in World War I, has seized German rights and interests in the Pacific Ocean and China's Shandong Peninsula, but it has always suffered from too little income. Although Germany is a defeated country, its war foundation has not been greatly damaged. It took advantage of Britain and America's fear and hatred of the October Revolution, won a lot of economic aid and political support, and has been accumulating strength to make a comeback to regain the rights and interests lost in the war and further expand its sphere of influence. World War I did not bring real world peace. A new source of war is gradually taking shape.
From 1929 to 1933, a profound universal economic crisis broke out in the capitalist world. The strength of the United States, Britain and France has been greatly weakened. Although Germany, Italy and Japan have also been hit hard, they have all recovered and developed rapidly because of the policy of militarization of the national economy. During the crisis, Japanese industrial production fell by 33%. However, due to its policy of aggression and expansion, it accelerated the militarization of the national economy and got out of the crisis by plundering resources and wealth such as China. The speed of economic recovery and growth obviously exceeded that of the United States.
The ambition of the Japanese ruling class is to conquer China and then the world. This goal is clearly reflected in Tanaka Memorial. 1927 In July, Japanese Prime Minister Yoshiichi Tanaka wrote to the Emperor, saying that "if you want to conquer zhina (a derogatory term for China), you must first conquer Manchuria, and if you want to conquer the world, you must first conquer zhina." "Use zhina's rich resources to conquer India and the Nanyang Islands, as well as Asia Minor and Europe." This memorial became the basis for Japan to further encourage militarism and pursue a belligerent policy.
Japan's military department is arrogant and is one of the last bastions of Japanese militarism. The eyes of Japanese military departments have long been fixed on the northeast of China, calling it "the lifeline of Japan". After the "September 18th Incident", Japanese military departments were eager to try their best and stepped up preparations for full-scale aggression against China. 1936, Japan officially listed the "Glorious Circle of Greater East Asia" as a national policy, which further incited fanatical nationalism and established confidence in expanding aggression at home.
On February 26 this year, radical right-wingers among young Japanese officers, with Captain Ando, Captain Nonaka, Captain Kono and Captain Kurihara as the backbone, "used Yamato nationalism to reform the empire, which is a' second reform'; With the slogan "This is the duty of your majesty's subjects", our responsibility is to clear your courtiers and crush the courtiers' group. We led some troops of the 1 Division stationed in Tokyo with about 1400 men, and attacked Prime Minister Katsuya Okada, Minister Seiji Saito, Suzuki's attendants, Minister Gao Qiao of the Qing Dynasty, former Minister of Interior of Makino Nobuaki and Director of Army Education Toshi Utsumi Watanabe. History is called "February 26th Incident". This incident was supported by the upper echelons of the army. Lu Xiangchuan Island said: "The trial is based on loyalty to His Majesty the Emperor and the country"; General Araki regards soldiers as "rebels" and calls them "reform troops"; General Masaki Yuka personally gave the rebels 500 yen (about 654.38 million yen now) to finance their activities; Admiral Ben Zhuang, the emperor's bodyguard, also sympathized with the rebels. The incident lasted for four days before it was calmed down. The Japanese military will hear the actions of the cabinet from time to time. After this incident, the military's intervention in politics became more blatant.
The Guangtian Cabinet, which came to power after the "February 26th Incident", was completely subordinate to the military department. In August, Hirota Cabinet formulated the outline of national policy, the basic content of which is to vigorously develop armaments and step up external expansion, "on the one hand, to ensure the status of the empire in East Asia, on the other hand, to develop in Southeast Asia." According to this policy, Japan has further accelerated the pace of war preparation. Finally, on July 7th, 1937, the "July 7th Incident" was launched, and the all-round war of aggression against China began.
1937 in the second half of the year, the United States, Britain, France and other countries have not fully recovered from the last economic crisis, and once again fell into a new economic crisis in the capitalist world. Japan, Germany and other countries are not in crisis because of their military and economic policies, but they are also facing the threat of this crisis. They believe that only by waging a war of aggression can the threat of economic crisis be avoided. The military expansion and aggression of the United States, Britain, France and the Netherlands against Japan and Germany are also helpless. Because, on the one hand, they are busy coping with their own economic crisis, on the other hand, in order to ensure their fundamental interests and reach a compromise with fascist countries, they deliberately sacrifice the interests of weak countries and nations.
However, contrary to expectations, the appeasement policy of the United States, Britain and France not only failed to contain the war, but also fueled the ambition of Germany, Italy and Japan. For example, in the autumn of 1938, after the Japanese invaders occupied Wuhan and Guangzhou in China, they fell into the predicament of too long front, insufficient troops and economic difficulties. In order to break the predicament, Japan vigorously pursued the policy of "controlling China with China" and actively carried out diplomatic activities to create conditions for the so-called "complete solution of the China issue". 1939 September 1, Germany invaded Poland. In order to concentrate on dealing with Germany, the United States, Britain and France continued to pursue the policy of appeasement towards Japan in the East, trying to avoid confrontation with Japan in an attempt to sacrifice China for Japan's compromise. The actions of the United States, Britain, the Netherlands and France are exactly what Japan wants. On the one hand, Japan is pretending to be a snake, on the other hand, it is stepping up its preparations for going south, aiming at Southeast Asia where the interests of the United States, Britain and France lie, in order to seize the power of the United States, Britain, the Netherlands and France and monopolize the precious resources there. The contradiction between Japan and the United States, Britain and other countries is deepening. The expansion of Japan's aggressive ambition has become a great threat to the interests of the United States and Britain in Asia.
The war of aggression against China was mired in mud.
After the "July 7th Incident", the Japanese aggressor troops quickly increased their troops and captured Hebei, Chahar, Shanxi, Suiyuan, Shandong and other places in different ways according to the operational policy of "controlling enemy planes, taking the offensive and making a quick decision". 1On August 3rd, 937, the Japanese army launched the "August 13th Shanghai Incident", 1 12 years1October 3rd, Shanghai fell. The Japanese army quickly attacked Nanjing along the Beijing-Shanghai line, and Nanjing fell in 65438+February+March. After Japanese fascists occupied Nanjing, they carried out a terrible massacre, and 300,000 people died under the fascist butcher's knife. 1938101On October 27th, the Japanese army captured Wuhan again. Prior to this, on June 2 1, 1, the Japanese army went up the Pearl River and captured Guangzhou. Wherever the Japanese army went, it burned and looted and committed heinous crimes. Since then, although the Japanese army continued to attack the hinterland of China, the offensive slowed down obviously due to insufficient troops and economic difficulties. The war has entered a stalemate.
The barbaric acts of the Japanese invading army aroused the anti-Japanese enthusiasm of all the people in China. Patriotic officers and men in the Kuomintang army, with the strong support of the people, also fought bloody battles with the Japanese aggressors. There have been some touching examples, such as the rise of Lugou Bridge in 29 army during the Anti-Japanese War, Feng Yuxiang and Zhang Zhizhong commanding troops to defend the enemy in Songhu, and Taierzhuang annihilated more than 20,000 people in a bloody battle. However, the highest authorities of the Kuomintang implemented a one-sided anti-Japanese war line and a passive defense operational policy. This line and policy led to China's vast territory, poor people and being ravaged by the Japanese army.
After the July 7th Incident, the Japanese Army lied that "China will perish in three months". The resistance of the Japanese people completely broke the Japanese dream. However, the Japanese ruling class is not reconciled. On the one hand, they continued to deploy troops and launch fierce strategic attacks, on the other hand, they issued a statement: "The imperial government will no longer take Chiang Kai-shek's government as a negotiating opponent in the future", trying to force the Kuomintang government to yield and surrender. This move did not receive the expected effect. After the fall of Wuhan, the Japanese aggressor troops adopted the strategy of luring and surrendering to the Kuomintang government in an attempt to alleviate the contradiction between its long front and insufficient troops, so as to concentrate on attacking the anti-Japanese armed forces led by China's * * * production party.
After the "July 7th Incident", China's * * * production party and its anti-Japanese armed forces such as the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army played a central role in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. On July 8, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued "China * * * Production Party Electrified Japanese Army to Attack Lugou Bridge", calling on "all China compatriots, the government and the army to unite and build a solid Great Wall of the national United front to resist the Japanese aggressors!" "Drive the Japanese invaders out of China!" The enlarged meeting of the Central Committee held on August 22nd determined the route of "all-round resistance" and the strategic policy of "protracted war". On the same day, the Military Commission of the Kuomintang government announced that the main force of the Red Army had been reorganized into the Eighth Route Army of the National Revolutionary Army. Also on the same day, before the adaptation was ready, the Eighth Route Army was sworn in in Sanyuan, Shaanxi. When the Kuomintang troops were losing ground, the Eighth Route Army soldiers crossed the Yellow River eastward, went north along Tongpu Road, and went to the anti-Japanese front line to fight bravely with the Japanese invaders. It was earth-shattering and made people cry!
On September 25th, the Eighth Route Army 1 15 Division ambushed a unit of the 2nd1Brigade of the 5th Japanese Division and a large number of trench vehicles in Pingxingguan area of Shanxi. The fighting lasted from morning till 6: 54 pm. Our soldiers are brave and tenacious. They dared to fight and fight in front of the enemy's advanced artillery and planes, and finally annihilated the besieged enemy. This campaign * * * annihilated more than 65,438+million Japanese troops, seized more than 65,438+million rifles, more than 20 machine guns, destroyed more than 65,438+million cars and more than 200 carriages. This was the first great victory since War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, which greatly boosted the morale of the people throughout the country. Subsequently, the Eighth Route Army successively conducted more than 100 successful battles in Yanmenguan, Yangmingbao and Yangguang, which dealt a heavy blow to the arrogance of the Japanese aggressor troops.
In June, 5438 +065438+10, Chairman Mao and the Party Central Committee instructed the Eighth Route Army to extensively carry out independent mountain guerrilla warfare according to the situation at that time, smash the Japanese siege and create an anti-Japanese base area. We should "mobilize the people", "strengthen ourselves" and "win more small victories to boost morale and influence the whole country". Under the strong leadership of the Producers' Party of China, a vigorous national guerrilla war against Japan was launched in North China, Central China, South China and Northeast China.
Under the stubborn resistance of the Eighth Route Army and the people of China, the Japanese invaders were in jeopardy. They launched "mopping up", "eliminating", "nibbling" and "strengthening public order" again and again, and implemented the barbaric "three-light policy" and "cage policy", but they did not shake the China people's anti-Japanese determination at all. In order to further attack the enemy, boost morale, consolidate the anti-Japanese base areas and strive for a better situation, on August 20, 1940, the Eighth Route Army launched a "Hundred Regiments War" throughout North China except Shandong. The campaign lasted from August 20th to the end of 10. Our army participated in the war 194 10, and fought with the Japanese army 1800 times, killing 20,645 Japanese troops, capturing 28 1 people and killing 50 puppet troops. The Hundred Regiments War greatly inspired the fighting spirit of the people of the whole country, improved the reputation of our party and army, and wrote a glorious page for the history of the Anti-Japanese War, which made people all over the world and China deeply realize that only China's * * * production party and its army are the hope of victory in the Anti-Japanese War.
1940 and 1 194 1 year were the most difficult years for both sides. For our Eighth Route Army and base areas, firstly, the Japanese army shifted its focus of operations to "mopping up", "encirclement and suppression" and "blockade" of the base areas, and the base areas were destroyed; Second, the Kuomintang set off the second anti-* * climax and launched the "Southern Anhui Incident", which caused heavy losses to the New Fourth Army. Third, many base areas have suffered serious natural disasters, which have caused serious difficulties to the lives of the military and civilians. Even under such difficult circumstances, our party and army persisted in heroic and tenacious fighting, which not only smashed the "mopping-up" and "blockade" of the Japanese aggressors again and again, but also annihilated a considerable number of Japanese puppet troops and adopted tit-for-tat strategies to beat back the anti-KMT climax. For the Japanese invaders, the war has reached a dead end. Because, first, in the four years of the Anti-Japanese War, a large number of Japanese puppet troops have been annihilated by me, the Japanese front is too long, the troops are not sustained, and the morale is low; Second, the anti-war movement in Japan is developing; Third, Britain and the United States adopted a strict attitude towards Japan. At that time, 80% of Japan's resources were imported from America. If the United States declares war on Japan and cuts off the supply of important materials such as scrap steel and crude oil, the consequences will be unimaginable. Japan's war of aggression against China is mired in mud, and its prospects are getting dim. According to some historical records, in this difficult situation, the Japanese chief of staff secretly decided that unless a comprehensive victory was achieved at 1940, the troops stationed in North China would be gradually withdrawn, leaving only the troops stationed in North China to prevent * * * imperialism. It can be seen that Japan was almost at the end of its tether. Just when the Japanese ruling class was at a loss, the German fascist blitzkrieg was a great success, and the German iron hoof once swept across most of Europe. This is like seeing a glimmer of light in the dark for Japan, which has an imperishable aggressive ambition. Japan believes that Britain's surrender is not far away, and the United States has no time to take care of the Pacific Ocean. Taking this opportunity to implement the southward strategy can not only solve the China problem, but also monopolize Southeast Asia. Desperate war gambling mentality prompted Japanese policymakers to make up their minds to go to war with the United States.
Marathon negotiation
Japan's strong dissatisfaction with the United States and Britain is not only manifested in the division of global interests, but also in arms control negotiations. The United States and Britain have been trying to suppress Japan's armaments, especially naval armaments, in order to guard against the threat posed by its excessive strength, while Japan is trying to break through the control of the United States and Britain and establish a navy that can compete with it. The two sides held round after round of marathon negotiations for their respective interests.
The control negotiation between Japan and the US military began at 1905. In order to coordinate their conflicts in the Far East, the two countries negotiated and signed a secret agreement-"Japan-US Agreement". The United States recognizes Japan's suzerainty over North Korea, and Japan recognizes the possession of the Philippines by the United States. However, this agreement did not ease the contradiction between them, but stimulated their competition in armaments and the interests of the Far East.
192 1 year 1 1 month to 1922 February, according to the proposal of the United States, the United States, Britain, Japan, France, Italy and China held the Washington Conference. Three treaties were signed at the meeting: the United States, Britain, France and Japan signed the "four-nation treaty". According to this treaty, the States parties respect each other's rights of islands and island territories in the Pacific Ocean and * * * safeguard the territorial rights of the States parties in the Pacific Ocean. In fact, it confirms the distribution of interests among the countries concerned in the form of a treaty. The "Five-nation Treaty" was formulated by the United States, Britain, Japan, France and Italy. The treaty stipulates the tonnage ratio of naval vessels of various countries: the United States 5, Britain 5, Japan 3, France 1. 75, Italy is 1. 75。 Tonnage limit, the total tonnage of the US and British capital ships shall not exceed 52. 50,000 tons, Japan should not exceed 32. 50,000 tons, France and Italy should not exceed 17. 50 thousand tons. The treaty also stipulates that the tonnage of American and British aircraft carriers is 13. 50,000 tons, while Japan only has 8 tons. 10000 tons, which means 60000 tons in France and Italy. The treaty also stipulates that the establishment of new naval bases in the Pacific Ocean is prohibited, except for the coasts directly adjacent to the United States, Canada, Alaska, Panama Canal Zone, Australia, New Zealand and Hawaii Islands. The Treaty of Nine Countries was signed by nine countries including the United States, Britain, France and Japan. The main content is to oppose Japan's attempt to monopolize China, and stipulate that Japan should withdraw some troops from China and return Jiaozhou and its railway to China, so that it can enjoy equal opportunities with other countries in China.
These three agreements are obviously beneficial to American and British imperialism and unfavorable to Japanese imperialism. It not only encroached on the vested interests of Japanese imperialism, but also restricted Japan's efforts to expand its army. In that case, why did Japan sign the treaty? The reason is that before the Washington Conference, Japan vigorously expanded its armaments to the US Navy and made great efforts to build the so-called "August 8th Fleet" with eight battleships and eight cruisers. The Japanese government has paid a huge price for this. 192 1 The expenditure allocated to the navy accounts for 1/3 of Japan's total national budget, which is too heavy for the national strength to bear. At that time, it was Marine Kato Tomosaburo who represented Japan at the Washington Conference. He believes that the "August 8th Fleet Plan" is difficult to realize and should be terminated by the opportunity of the General Assembly.
However, as soon as the treaty was signed, it was dissatisfied by a considerable number of hardliners in the Japanese navy. They think this treaty has slapped the United States and Britain in the face and lost the face of the Japanese. Shortly after this, in order to show the "sincerity" of disarmament, it happened that Japan had to build a new displacement of 3. The 90,000-ton Tosa sank to the bottom of the sea by itself. This incident even aroused the dissatisfaction of hardliners and a considerable number of Japanese nationals, and regarded it as a sign of the weakness of the government. From 192 1, Japan has participated in many disarmament conferences for more than ten years, and every time it tried to raise the tonnage limit of Japanese naval vessels, but it did not get the consent of the United States and Britain and other countries.
According to the Washington Treaty, it is valid until the end of 1936. In order to discuss the issue of arms control after the expiration of the Treaty, Japanese Major General Isoroku Yamamoto attended the arms control conference held in London from 65438 to 0934. The fundamental purpose of Japan's participation in this meeting is to abolish the Washington Five Treaty through this meeting. To this end, Japan has adopted a strategy of retreating for progress and put forward a proposal to abolish all aircraft carriers in various countries. If a representative suggests abolishing all capital ships, Japan will support it, so that you won't let me do it and I won't let you do it. If you don't agree with my proposal, you have no reason to stop me from doing it again. The subtleties of this strategy are as follows: first, Japan wants to abrogate the contract, but the words of abrogation will come out of its own people; Second, negotiators should talk "seriously", not to sign a treaty, but to make a gesture to the Japanese people and the world, so that they can see Japan's "sincerity" for peace.
The United States is quite wary of Japan, so it has been indifferent to various Japanese proposals. The meeting lasted more than three months. In mid-June, 1935, 1, the Japanese government instructed the delegates to stop the negotiations and failed to achieve any purpose. As a result, the London arms control negotiations broke down. Major naval countries have entered an arms race period of unlimited expansion of their navies.
After the treaty limiting naval armament died, Japanese militarism began to expand the navy vigorously. The Japanese navy has been aiming to reach 70% of the tonnage of the US navy, and by the end of 194 1, it has reached 75% of the tonnage of the US navy. At the end of 1940, the Japanese army began to prepare for the southward advance, assembling personnel and ships, and preparing for war against the United States. The United States and Britain are also vigorously expanding their navies, and at the same time they are beginning to discuss joint operational plans. 194 1 At the beginning of the year, Britain and the United States drew up a staff agreement, focusing on the German offensive in Europe. The agreement also envisages that if the Japanese army goes south in the Far East, the US and British troops will give priority to defense and use the US Pacific Fleet to attack the Japanese navy from the flank. In addition, at the end of September, 194 1, the United States drew up a "victory plan" to build an overseas expeditionary force of about 5 million people within two years through general mobilization.
The protracted disarmament negotiations, instead of controlling the scale of armaments between the two sides, have intensified the contradictions and conflicts of interests between the two sides and stimulated Japan's arms pace and expansion ambitions.
The lid of Pandora's box has been opened, and the devil of Japanese militarism is about to make waves in the Pacific Ocean.
The formation of two camps
The 1930s was an important period for the formation, development and gradual outward expansion of Germany in Western Europe and Japan in Northeast Asia. Out of hatred for imperialism, Anglo-American imperialists pursued the policy of appeasement, trying to draw trouble from others in an attempt to strangle the Soviet Union, the first country in human history where the working class seized power, by virtue of Germany and Japan. Considering its own interests and strength, the German and Japanese governments made false promises and bargained with Britain and the United States in many aspects. Negotiations took place one after another, and agreements and treaties were signed one after another. Among them, some were signed between fascist countries, and some were signed between fascist countries and Britain, the United States or the Soviet Union. There are bilateral and multilateral ones. You negotiate with me today, he will negotiate with you tomorrow, and I will negotiate with him the day after tomorrow. At that time, apart from dealing with the Soviet Union, the international anti-fascist and fascist front was not very clear.
1936165438+1On October 25th, Germany and Japan signed the International Convention on the Prohibition of Production. The convention stipulates that the two countries will cooperate closely and oppose international production; Call on third countries whose domestic peace is threatened by international production to join the Convention; Take strict measures to suppress those who are directly or indirectly loyal to international producers at home and abroad. While signing the convention, Germany and Japan also signed a secret agreement, stipulating that once the Soviet Union and one party to the convention are at war or in danger of war, the other party shall not take any measures to alleviate the plight of the Soviet Union. The two sides also agreed not to sign any political treaty with the Soviet Union that runs counter to the spirit of this Convention during its entry into force. The validity of the treaty is tentatively set at five years. Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria, Finland, Romania, Denmark, Slovakia, Croatia and Manchukuo have successively joined the Convention since June 1937+0 1. So it can be said that this convention is actually a convention to rally fascist forces under the banner of opposing * * *. The Convention provided cover for Germany, Japan and Italy to prepare for World War II.
1On July 9, 938, the Japanese Kwantung Army provoked the "Zhang Incident" in order to expand its territory and test the strength of the Soviet Union. It was hit hard by the Soviet Red Army, causing 1 140 casualties and had to cease fire and negotiate with the Soviet Union. From June 25th to August 26th of the following year, the Japanese army provoked the Nomenkan Incident, and the Soviet Red Army suffered heavy losses again, with more than 50,000 casualties.
Just as the Japanese army was in a panic under the attack of the Soviet Red Army, the news that Germany signed a peace treaty with the Soviet Union came on August 23, which greatly shocked and puzzled the Japanese ruling and opposition parties. Japanese Emperor Hirohito was furious at the defeat of Kwantung Army and worried about the German-Soviet peace treaty. Japanese Prime Minister Ichiro Hiranuma also panicked about Stalin's move. The original intention of Hitler's signing a contract with the Soviet Union was to stabilize the Eastern Front, solve the problem of the Western Front and then come back to clean up the Soviet Union. The Japanese cabinet held more than 70 cabinet meetings on whether to renew the "anti-* * * agreement" with Germany and Italy without knowing the details of Hitler. Without any conclusion, Hiranuma had to announce: "There are complex and bizarre new situations in the European world, which are unpredictable, so the cabinet resigned."
1 September, 9391day, Hitler's10.5 million troops attacked Poland. Britain and France, together with the United States, have always adopted a policy of appeasement and concession to Germany. The demise of Poland concerns their interests, and they have to declare war on Germany. The following spring, Germany attacked Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg with the momentum of victory. France also announced its surrender to Hitler, and Britain was at stake, fighting for its survival.
At the end of July this year, the Duke of Mo Wen formed a cabinet again under the command of the guards. This time, he appointed Youko Matsuoka as foreign minister and Lieutenant General tojo hideki as an army officer. Matsuoka is short and dark, wearing a pair of gold-rimmed glasses and a moustache. He looks arrogant and willful, and pays his own expenses. At the beginning of the establishment of the Guards Cabinet, it adopted a new national policy: establishing a "new order for Greater East Asia"; Signed a three-nation treaty with Germany and Italy; Make peace with the United States and the Soviet Union for the time being, and use the European War to advance to Indian zhina. This national policy actually reflects the will of the Japanese military department.
1941March 12, Youko Matsuoka went to Germany to attend the ratification ceremony of the Treaty of the Three Alliances held in Berlin. He called on Hitler, the fascist leader, in Berlin, and they discussed the problem of defeating Britain and Japan and marching into Indian zhina. Hitler, Foreign Minister ribbentrop and other senior German officials urged Japan to send troops to zhina, and promised that the United States would not send troops because "the United States is no match for Germany". Hitler also promised that Germany would help Japan once it entered the war. Matsuoka also touched the card that Germany was about to go to war with the Soviet Union. On the way home, Matsuoka went to Moscow and signed a neutrality treaty with Stalin. This is Matsuoka's belly plan when he left Japan, aiming at paralyzing the Soviet Union and confusing the world.
As early as September 27th, 1940, Japan, Germany and Italy signed the Berlin Convention for a period of 10. This convention develops the basic content of the International Anti-Production Convention, stipulating that the three empires share the world, Germany and Italy play a leading role in establishing a new European order, and Japan is responsible for establishing a new Asian order. The treaty also stipulates the obligations of the three countries to give political, economic and military assistance to each other. Subsequently, more than ten countries, including Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic and Yugoslavia, joined the Treaty. Matsuoka's trip to Germany further confirmed the axial relationship and mutual obligations between Germany and Japan. The fascist Axis Group was formally established.
At the same time, people all over the world rose up in succession and launched various forms of heroic struggles with the fascist aggressors. Many governments have taken action and gathered under the banner of anti-fascism. The United States and Britain have long stood against fascism and fascism. After Germany attacked Poland, Britain took the lead in declaring war on Germany. 1941On June 22nd, Hitler tore off his mask and attacked the Soviet Union on a large scale. In this case, the United States and Britain changed their attitude towards the Soviet Union from their own interests. On the day when the Soviet Union was attacked, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill pointed out that Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union was "only a precursor to the invasion of the British Islands". So "the danger of the Soviet Union is our danger". He said that Britain would fully support the Soviet Union. On the 24th, American President Roosevelt announced his support for the Soviet Union in its fight against fascist Germany. In order to coordinate the relationship between the two sides, the leaders of the United States and Britain met on a warship off the coast of Newfoundland on August 9,194/kloc-0, and signed the Atlantic Charter on August 6, 5438+04. The purpose of the charter is to eliminate Nazi tyranny and disarm the aggressors. The meeting also discussed the issue of assistance to the Soviet Union. 194 1 On the morning of September 24th, the Soviet Union announced its agreement with the basic principles of the Atlantic Charter. On September 29, representatives of the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union held a meeting in Moscow, signed the first agreement to provide weapons and munitions to the Soviet Union, and announced that the three countries would take joint action in the anti-fascist war. The international anti-fascist front was initially formed.
The front is clear, and the devil's sword has already been drawn. The background of international military and political pattern determines that Japanese militarism must take military action in the Pacific Ocean.