1945, 12, 1 day, a large number of Kuomintang spies and soldiers besieged National Southwest Associated University and Yunnan University in different ways, beating students and teachers, and throwing grenades at places where students were concentrated, killing Pan Yan and Li Lvlian, students of National Southwest Associated University (now the predecessor of Yunnan Normal University), Zhang Huachang, a student of Kunhua Institute of Technology, and a young man from Nanjing Middle School.

Because the incident occurred in 65438+February 1 day, it is called "12 1 event", also called "12 1 tragedy".

There is a street named "12 1 street" in the center of Kunming, just to commemorate the martyrs who died in this incident.

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After the12.21incident, it caused great repercussions in Kunming and even the whole country. On the same day, 7 1 faculty members of Yunnan University jointly published a book "Notice to all walks of life about the shooting incident of Kunming students' strike".

The National SouthWest Associated University and the Yunnan Alumni Association sent representatives to present the tragedy to the Yunnan provincial government and the provincial Senate, demanding that the murderer be severely punished and justice be done.

In this case, the military and political authorities in Yunnan panicked and Guan was forced to go to the new school building of the General Assembly to inquire about the truth of the tragedy, apologize and punish the murderer.

On February 2, 65438, the Kunming-China Joint Committee held a grand ceremony in front of the National Southwest United University Library to bury four martyrs, with Ye, the acting member of the Standing Committee of the General Assembly, as the main sacrifice, and more than 6000 teachers, students and people from all walks of life attended.

The Congress will elect Professor Zhou, Professor Tang Yongtong and Professor Huo Bingquan to deliver a eulogy. On the 4th, the permanent members of the Senate of Yunnan Province held an interim meeting, calling on the government to immediately try to stop mobs from arbitrarily arresting and beating students in urban areas and arbitrarily breaking into schools and throwing grenades at students.

At the same time, commemorative activities were held all over the country to remember the martyrs. On February 7th, 65438, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Ye Shengtao, Ba Jin, Feng Xuefeng, Hu Feng, Yang Hansheng, etc. 18 wrote to Kunming teachers and students to pay tribute to the deceased.

On the same day, Yan 'an Liberation Daily published an editorial on the Kunming Massacre, pointing out that the Kunming Massacre showed that whoever wants peace is the enemy in the eyes of the Kuomintang authorities. On February 9th, 65438, more than 3000 people from all walks of life in Chongqing held a memorial meeting in Chang'an Temple.

Father Shen Junru and Guo Moruo read The Four Martyrs Sacrifice in Kunming. The worshippers unanimously demanded that the criminals be severely punished. On that day, students from major middle schools in Chengdu held a memorial meeting at Huaxi Dam, attended by more than 5,000 students and international friends. 1946 65438+ 10 13, people from all walks of life in Shanghai held a memorial meeting for four martyrs, followed by a massive democratic demonstration.

With the unanimous opposition of the whole nation, 12 On February 7th, Chiang Kai-shek sent Zhu Jingnong, the second minister of the Ministry of Education, to Kunming to deal with the aftermath. On February 9, 65438, Chiang Kai-shek suspended the Yunnan garrison commander Guan and was represented by Huo.

On the same day, Chairman Lu Han, Zhu Jingnong and Huo of Yunnan Province, on behalf of the military and political authorities in Yunnan, invited representatives of four universities and students to negotiate the conditions for resuming classes. On the same day, Lu Han issued "A Letter to Students in All Schools", demanding that classes be resumed on the same day.

On June 1 1, Lu Hanqin went to the conference to pay homage to the martyrs and advised his classmates to resume classes. The strike Committee said that it was really difficult for students to resume classes before the central authorities took reasonable measures. On the same day, garrison headquarters executed Chen and Liu Youzhi.

These two men are officers and sentenced to death for stealing and selling military supplies, but they are not real murderers. The deception tactics of the military and political authorities in Yunnan were soon discovered by the students, who demanded that the real murderer be severely punished.

After the direct goal of the struggle is achieved, Professor The National SouthWest Associated University will hold a meeting on February 9, 65438, and the resolution suggests that students resume classes on the morning of February 20, 65438, and assures students that:

Regarding the Kunming tragedy, in addition to the suspension of military leaders, this Council also asked the government to first remove the administrative leaders from their posts and make resolute efforts to promote their realization; Regarding the prohibition of illegal assembly, representatives will be elected to negotiate with the military and political authorities.

On February 25, 65438, the Congress of the Joint Committee of Strike in Kunming Middle Schools and Above adopted the Declaration on Resumption of Classes, which stated briefly that classes were resumed on February 27, 65438 under the lowest conditions in order to take care of the overall situation, the difficulties of local and school authorities and to take care of our students.

And continue to demand that the Kuomintang authorities immediately stop the civil war, effectively protect personal freedom, and fight for anti-civil war, democracy and freedom to the end. On the 27th, the joint strike committee of middle schools and above in Kunming announced the resumption of classes, and published a notice of resumption of classes in Kunming newspaper.

Students in 44 large and medium schools in the city resumed classes and teachers resumed teaching. On March 1946, a funeral procession of 30,000 people held a funeral for four martyrs. The coffins of four martyrs were buried in the General Assembly Park.

The "December 1st" tragedy in Kunming was a new starting point for the people's movement for peace and democracy in the Kuomintang-controlled areas, which effectively attacked and isolated the reactionaries and promoted the upsurge of the democratic movement in the Kuomintang-controlled areas.

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