Khrushchev's reform in the field of political system is first to rehabilitate unjust cases and strengthen the legal system. This is a measure aimed at the most prominent shortcomings of Stalin's model. Political cleansing that does not stress the rule of law has caused a large number of unjust, false and misjudged cases, with very serious consequences and wide coverage. Therefore, starting with the rehabilitation of unjust cases is conducive to unloading historical burdens and forming a new political foundation. Work in this field began before the 20th Congress of the Soviet Union. After the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, political cases since the 1930s were comprehensively re-examined, and most of the unjust cases were rehabilitated. At the same time, more than 90% of political prisoners were released, and two-thirds of reform-through-labour camps in Siberia were cancelled. In order to prevent the arbitrary creation of unjust, false and wrong cases, the "special meeting" directly under the former Ministry of Internal Affairs (established in 1934, which centralized the functions and powers of public security, procuratorial work and courts, covering the whole set of judicial procedures from arrest to execution) and the "special procedure" for hearing so-called "state cases" were cancelled, which weakened the power of the security organs, adjusted and reorganized them, and changed them from newly established national security to national security. In this way, the situation that the security organs were self-contained in the past, above the party and the government, and only subordinate to individuals was changed. On this basis, a series of laws and regulations to restore and strengthen the judicial system have been promulgated, which has brought social control into an orderly track. During Khrushchev's administration, legal documents such as the Outline of Criminal Legislation, the Outline of Criminal Procedure, the Outline of Civil Legislation, the Outline of Civil Procedure, the Legislative Outline of Court Organization, and the Regulations on Procuratorial Supervision were successively promulgated, which laid the foundation for establishing a relatively complete legal system. In connection with strengthening the legal system, Khrushchev also made some adjustments to the leadership system and operational mechanism of the party and the state, restored the normal system of holding regular party congresses and central plenary sessions, and expanded the authority of local Soviets. In addition, the term of office and regular renewal of leading cadres at all levels (except the highest level in the central government) are also stipulated. In short, Khrushchev's reform measures in the field of political system are mainly to correct some of the most prominent drawbacks of the Stalin model and restore the centralized system to a relatively normal operating state. In this process, the democratic atmosphere of society has been enhanced and the political environment has become relaxed.

The reform in the field of economic system focuses on agriculture. In view of the fact that in the past, the compulsory grain requisition mechanism of the state seriously suppressed the farmers' enthusiasm for production, which led to the long-term depression of Soviet agriculture, Khrushchev took some major measures to reduce the burden on farmers and revitalize agriculture. First, increase the purchase price of agricultural products, with an average price increase of 2.3 times; The second step is to cancel the compulsory sales system and the in-kind reward system of tractor stations (these two items account for 84% of the original purchase amount of agricultural products) and implement a unified agricultural product procurement system. Correspondingly, 1958, the national tractor station was cancelled and agricultural machinery was sold to collective farms. In addition, the restrictions on individual sideline businesses have been relaxed, and the production autonomy of collective farms has been expanded. While adjusting the agricultural policy, Khrushchev also vigorously advocated the reclamation movement, organized large-scale reclamation in Central Asia, West Siberia, Volga River Basin and North Caucasus, and a large number of new reclamation areas became bases for providing food and cash crops to the country. Stimulated by the above measures, Soviet agriculture once rose in the middle and late 1950s. Compared with 1958 and 1953, the grain output increased by 9 1% and the meat output increased by 62%. However, Khrushchev's agricultural reform did not go deep. After the agricultural situation improved, the country began to put forward unrealistic agricultural development indicators, demanding that agricultural output surpass that of the United States in a short time, so the policy of high acquisition was implemented again, and the burden on farmers was heavier. Khrushchev also ignored the national conditions and blindly asked the grassland to replant corn, resulting in a shortage of feed grain. The neglect of ecological protection in the new reclamation area leads to soil desertification and decreased harvest. The comprehensive effects of these factors offset the positive effects of agricultural reform, and in the later period of Khrushchev's administration, agriculture was in trouble again.

Khrushchev also tried to reform the industrial management system. One of the biggest actions is to change the enterprises directly managed by the central department into economic administrative regions. According to the decision of the Central Plenary Session of the Soviet Union 1957 in February, 25 central-level ministries and commissions were abolished, and 105 economic administrative regions were established, and industrial enterprises were managed by the State Economic Committees of these economic administrative regions and their subordinate professional administrations. Obviously, this kind of reform has not changed the status of enterprises, but only changed the superior leadership department of enterprises, so it has not touched the essence of the planned economic system, but only adjusted the power between "article" and "block". As a result, central bureaucrats were weakened, local bureaucrats were encouraged, and the national economy was in chaos. In order to make up for the negative impact of this reform, professional management committees at the central level were re-established, and economic administrative regions were merged and adjusted to 47. These measures actually put the industrial management system back on the original track.

Generally speaking, the reform of the political and economic system during Khrushchev's administration was shallow, and the change in form was far greater than the content. There is no breakthrough in the basic framework of Stalin's model, and there is no systematic reform theory. The adjustment of policies and the choice of reform measures have great blindness and arbitrariness, and Khrushchev's personal will has played an important role. Therefore, in the later period of Khrushchev's administration, with the mistakes of his own policies and measures and the improvement of the degree of power concentration, the inherent disadvantages of the Soviet system model are once again highlighted, and the social, political and economic situation is developing in the direction of crisis.

196 10 The 22nd Congress of the Soviet Union was a turning point in Khrushchev's political career. On the one hand, this congress comprehensively criticized Stalin and decided to remove Stalin's body from Lenin's mausoleum and bury it under the walls of the Kremlin, and renamed Stalingrad Volgograd; On the other hand, it accepted Stalin's slogan in his later years, and announced in the adopted new party platform that the Soviet Union would basically build a capitalist society within 20 years, and at the same time imitated Stalin's personal dictatorship and created worship for Khrushchev. In this way, under the appearance of "liquidating" Stalin, Khrushchev actually repeated Stalin's mistakes in his later years to some extent, which made his policy deviate from the goal of reform and caused widespread dissatisfaction inside and outside the party. 1962, Khrushchev took two rash actions in domestic and foreign policies. One is that local party committees at the state level set up two committees according to industry and agriculture, resulting in confusion of local power mechanisms and dissatisfaction of local cadres; Second, the adventurous actions and concessions in the Cuban missile crisis have seriously damaged the international prestige of the Soviet Union. 1963, the grain shortage caused by drought finally declared the failure of Khrushchev's agricultural policy and the failure of "* * * production and construction". Therefore, Khrushchev's colleagues in the presidium decided to deprive him of his power. 1964 65438+ 10/2 While Khrushchev was on vacation in the Black Sea, the presidium of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union held a meeting and the participants unanimously agreed to force Khrushchev to step down. The next day, Khrushchev was recalled to Moscow to accept the "trial" of the presidium. Seeing that the general trend had gone, Khrushchev was forced to express "voluntary retirement". 10 14 10, the Central Committee of the Soviet Union held a plenary meeting to formally remove Khrushchev from all his posts, and at the same time elected Brezhnev as the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Soviet Union. The next day, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet appointed kosygin as the chairman of the Council of Ministers.

Khrushchev's reign was a period of great significance and far-reaching influence in the history of the Soviet Union. As the first step to reform Stalin's model, this stage has made a pioneering contribution and provided both positive and negative experiences and lessons. At the same time, the historical limitations of this stage and Khrushchev himself are also very obvious. Although the objective trend of reform has emerged, the subjective and objective conditions of reform are very immature. In this case, the process of reform is bound to show twists and turns.