Ipqc: (input process quality control) process quality control.
FQC: (final quality control) final quality control
OQC: (delivery quality control) delivery quality control
Quality training materials (IQC)
Introduction to IQC
IQC's full English name is Incoming Quality Control, which means incoming quality control. At present, IQC mainly focuses on incoming inspection, and its incoming quality control function is weak. The work direction of IQC is to change from passive inspection to active control, move quality control forward, find quality problems at the forefront, reduce quality costs, achieve effective control, and assist suppliers to improve their internal quality control level.
IQC's responsibility
1. incoming inspection
The main job of incoming inspectors is incoming inspection, and IQC inspection can be simply described as confirming all or its main characteristics of outsourced and purchased materials with reference to relevant standards of materials; Or confirm whether it meets the use requirements. The inspector's duty is to complete various operations step by step in strict accordance with the relevant technical document standards and material operation instructions, so as to complete the inspection of various materials and the judgment of qualified and unqualified materials submitted for inspection.
2. Deal with material quality problems
IQC should also follow up the quality problems found in the inspection process and the major material quality problems fed back by production and market, and establish preventive measures within IQC.
3. Statistics and feedback of material quality problems in the whole process.
Statistics of quality data in the process of incoming materials receiving and inspection, and feedback to relevant departments in the form of weekly reports and monthly reports of expert groups, as the basis for supplier incoming materials quality control and management.
Importance of IQC
"IQC's job is mainly to control the quality of all materials purchased by the company and externally processed materials, to ensure that products that do not meet the company's relevant technical standards do not enter the company's warehouses and production lines, and to ensure that products used in production are qualified products. IQC is the front end of the company's entire supply chain and the first line of defense and gate to build the company's quality system. If unqualified materials are allowed to enter warehouses and production lines without strict control, the quality problems will be multiplied in the later process. If there are quality hidden dangers to the market, the losses will be incalculable and even catastrophic. Therefore, the job responsibilities of IQC inspectors are very important and the quality of work is very important. As an important part of quality control, IQC should strictly follow the standards and requirements, and quality management should not be interfered by other factors. If special circumstances require release, it shall be decided by the Quality and Technology Department, and IQC personnel shall not bear this risk.
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operating duty
1. Incoming inspection, also known as acceptance inspection, is the control point to prevent defective products from entering the material warehouse and the main source of information for evaluating suppliers.
2. Due to the quality reliability of suppliers and the quantity, unit price and volume of materials, the purchased materials are planned to be fully inspected, sampled and exempted from inspection.
A. Full inspection: small quantity and high unit price;
B. Sampling inspection: large quantity or conventional materials;
C. Inspection-free: materials with large quantity and low unit price or generally subsidized or certified as inspection-free manufacturers or restrictions;
3. Inspection items
(1) Appearance inspection;
(2) check the size and structural characteristics;
(3) electrical characteristics inspection;
(4) Inspection of special chemical materials;
(5) Physical inspection;
(6) mechanical performance inspection;
4. Inspection method
(1) Appearance inspection: Visual, tactile and extreme samples are generally used.
(2) Size inspection: such as cursor, minute card and projector.
(3) structural characteristics inspection: such as tensiometer and torsion meter.
(4) Characteristic inspection: use testing instruments or equipment.
5. Sampling inspection
5. 1 sampling scheme
5.2 Quality characteristics: divided into general characteristics and special characteristics.
General characteristics: such as appearance characteristics.
(1) easy to check; Such as appearance characteristics, have a direct and important impact on production quality.
(2) The variation of quality characteristics is too high.
(3) Destructive inspection.
6. Inspection items
(1) Landing test.
In addition to the customer's requirements, the one-corner, three-ridge and six-side landing tests should be carried out in accordance with the regulations of the American Power Transmission Association.
(2) Environmental testing
According to the relevant state funds.
(3) Vibration test
According to the relevant state funds.
(4) Life test
According to the design requirements.
(5) withstand voltage test
According to the general secondary sampling, refer to the inspection specification.
(6) Power supply inspection
According to the general secondary sampling, refer to the inspection specification.
(7) Temperature inspection
According to the general secondary sampling, refer to the inspection specification.
(8) Structural inspection
According to the general secondary sampling, refer to the inspection specification.
(9) Visual inspection
According to the general secondary sampling, refer to the inspection specification.
(10) Inspection of packaging accessories
According to the general secondary sampling, refer to the inspection specification.
Summary:
1. Establish incoming inspection standards and conduct incoming inspection.
2. Correct treatment of abnormal feed quality.
3. Arrangement and evaluation of delivery quality performance of raw material suppliers and cooperative manufacturers.
4. Put forward improvement opinions or suggestions on raw material specifications.
5. Management and calibration of inspection instruments and measuring tools.
6. Sampling inspection of incoming inventory and identification of scrapped products.
7. Feedback information to relevant units.
8. Handle the quality training materials (IPQC) assigned by superiors.
IPQC
(Input process quality control) Chinese means process control, which refers to the quality control of products from the input of materials to the final packaging of products.
"1. Responsible for the first article inspection and part of the process inspection, and the confirmation, identification and statistics of defective products in the process;
2. Responsible for patrol inspection, and regularly check and confirm all aspects of material use, assembly operation, machine operation and environmental compliance in the whole production process.
3.IPQC is generally the first inspection, sampling inspection and sampling inspection; It is a roving flow check in the process; It is managed by the quality assurance department.
Production process inspection (IPQC): Generally speaking, it refers to the quality control of production activities at all stages from material warehousing to finished product warehousing, that is, input process quality control. Compared with the quality inspection at this stage, it is called FQC (Final Quality Control).
① The methods of process inspection mainly include:
A. First article self-inspection, mutual inspection and special inspection are combined;
B. combining process control with sampling inspection and inspection;
C. multi-process centralized inspection;
D, testing step by step;
E. product inspection after completion;
F. combination of sampling and full inspection;
② Process quality control (IPQC): it is a patrol inspection of the production process.
A. first article inspection;
B. material inspection;
C. Patrol inspection: ensure proper patrol inspection time and frequency, and conduct inspection in strict accordance with inspection standards or work instructions. Including the inspection of product quality, process regulations, machine operation parameters, material placement, identification and environment. D. inspection records shall be truthfully filled in.
③ Process product quality inspection (FQC): it is used to verify the quality of products after completion, so as to determine whether this batch of products can flow into the next process, which belongs to fixed-point inspection or acceptance inspection.
A. Inspection items: appearance, size, physical and chemical characteristics, etc.
B. inspection method: sampling inspection is generally adopted;
C. unqualified handling; D. recording;
④ Standards: work instructions, process inspection standards, process inspection and test procedures, etc. "
Quality inspection method
1. Comprehensive inspection:
An inspection method in which all products or materials submitted for inspection have been inspected without omission. Applicable to the following situations:
① Small batch, simple inspection and low cost;
② The product must be qualified;
(3) If there is a small amount of unqualified products, it may lead to a fatal impact on the products.
2. Sampling inspection:
It is a typical statistical inference work to extract some individuals from all the individuals of a batch of products for inspection and judge whether the whole batch of products is qualified according to the inspection results of the samples.
① Applicable to the following situations: a. Destructive tests are required for product performance inspection;
B. The batch is too large to be inspected completely;
C. It needs longer inspection time and higher inspection cost;
D. a certain degree of defective products is allowed.
② Relevant terms in sampling inspection:
A. Inspection lot: the same products are gathered together as sampling objects; Generally speaking, a production batch is an inspection lot. A production batch can be divided into multiple inspection lots, but an inspection lot cannot contain multiple production batches, and inspection lots cannot be combined at will.
B. Batch number: the number of units contained in the batch;
C. Sampling quantity: the quantity of products extracted from this batch;
D nonconformity judgment number (RE): short for Reject, indicating rejection;
E. Eligible decision number (AC): abbreviation of receipt and acceptance;
F. Qualified Quality Level (AQL): short for acceptable quality level. Generally speaking, it is the acceptable rate of unqualified products.
3. Determination of sampling scheme:
The sampling scheme adopted by our factory is designed according to the national standard GB2828 "Sampling Procedures and Sampling Tables for Batch Inspection and Counting". The specific application steps are as follows:
(1) Determine product quality standards:
② Selection of inspection level: General inspection level is divided into I, II and III levels; The special inspection levels are S- 1, S-2, S-3 and S-4. In general, the general level 2 is adopted.
(3) Selection of Qualified Quality Level (AQL): AQL is the main basis for selecting sampling scheme, which should be jointly agreed by producers and users.
(4) Determine the sample size code, that is, the number of samples.
⑤ Select the sampling scheme type: such as normal sampling scheme, strict sampling scheme or multiple sampling scheme.
⑥ Look up the table to determine the qualified judgment number (AC) and unqualified judgment number (Re).
Quality training materials (OQC)
OQC (delivery quality control): delivery quality audit/delivery quality inspection/(delivery quality control)
1. When the products are shipped, the supplier must conduct ex-factory inspection according to the standards agreed in the contract or order between the supplier and the supplier.
2.OQC is the quality inspection/quality audit and control of products before shipment, mainly aiming at the packaging status, anti-collision materials, product identification/safety labels and accessories of products.
Kit), user manual/guarantee, additional software CD, product performance test report, outer box label, etc. , conduct a comprehensive inspection and confirmation to ensure that the customer receives the goods and agrees with the contents.
Consistent, the shipment is completely up to standard.
3. The disposal of nonconforming products found after 3.OQC may return to the pre-stage or semi-finished stage of the process for heavy work or repair, and then pass.
OQC test once. If the product has quality defects that cannot be reworked or repaired, it will be scrapped directly and included in the cost of production loss; Or be degraded.
Grade) processing, sales to customers with lower quality requirements.
4. Some manufacturers' "delivery quality control" will conduct another sampling inspection on the products to be shipped, so the quality inspection at this stage focuses on "sampling inspection" rather than "sampling inspection".
The "all checks" in the FQC stage are different. Of course, for products with high unit price or high grade, in the OQC stage, the overall condition of the product (the main products themselves, accessories, use
Manual &; You also need to ensure luxurious books, labels, packaging, etc. Full inspection again (100% full inspection).
FQC
The final inspection and verification of manufacturing process (final quality control) is also called the inspection and verification of finished products (final quality control).
FQC operation:
FQC is a comprehensive and final inspection and test of the product's "own" quality after all processes or working procedures are completed, including: appearance inspection (color, luster, roughness, burrs and scratches), measurement of size/aperture, and performance test (physical/chemical characteristics, electrical characteristics, mechanical characteristics and operation control of materials), with the aim of ensuring that the product meets the delivery specifications.
FQC inspection:
All product defects (serious defects, major defects and minor defects) should be detected at this stage. It is also the last quality control work before product packaging/packing. The disposal of nonconforming products found after FQC depends on the different unqualified conditions. They may return to the previous stage or semi-finished stage of the process for heavy work or repair /OK, and then send them for inspection again, or pass the FQC test again.
In general, the disposal methods of unqualified products that fail to pass FQC are as follows:
(1) Rework or repair nonconforming products;
(2) The quality defects that cannot be reworked or repaired are directly scrapped and included in the production loss cost project;
(3) Degrade the original unqualified products and sell them to customers with lower quality requirements, but they must meet the sales contract or order;
(4) Reuse the available parts.