First of all, hard labor and heavy taxes aroused farmers' dissatisfaction. At that time, the dynasty stipulated that adult men should serve a month's corvee every year, a year in the county and a year on the border.

Secondly, it is because the criminal law is harsh and officials are cruel in law enforcement. Qin Shihuang conquered the six countries, and the brutal campaign also played an important role. The cruel laws of the Qin dynasty followed the cruelty of the first emperor. At that time, the cruel criminal law was "clan punishment" and "sitting punishment", and the death penalty was "beheading, dismembering and burying alive". Finally, even the initiator, Lisbon, was not spared and was beheaded. The harsh criminal law has made a large number of farmers "go out as thieves."

In addition, the impact of land merger can not be ignored. Because a large number of peasants lost their land, under the background of extreme panic from the imperial court to the people, Qin Shihuang had no sense of crisis, and even imposed harsh treatment on the old places of six countries in Shandong, requisitioned the people to carry out various large-scale infrastructure projects in the border areas and Xianyang, the capital, and sentenced the latecomers to death, which made the people even more dissatisfied. After Qin Shihuang's death, Qin Ershi succeeded to the throne and continued to kill many ministers in the DPRK together with Zhao Gao, causing panic among officials in the DPRK. At last, people's dissatisfaction and fear reached the extreme, and finally they decided to rise up and fight back, and a large-scale uprising broke out, even overthrowing the Qin empire.

This is the first civilian uprising in history. In July of the first year of Qin Ershi (the first 209 years), a group of more than 900 people who were recruited to be stationed in Yuyang were unable to reach the garrison in osawa Township due to heavy rain. According to the Qin law, if the deadline is lost, everyone is afraid. There are two captains to prevent stroke. One is Chen Sheng, a native of Yangcheng (now southwest of Henan Shangshui); One is the word uncle, from (now Taikang, Henan). They instigated the garrison uprising by means of "writing with the belly of a fish" and "singing with fire", and put forward the slogan "Great Chu prospers and Chen prospers" to rise up against Qin.

The rebels soon occupied several counties. Due to the continuous participation of the people, the army has developed rapidly. When Chen County (now Suiyang, Henan Province) was captured, there were already tens of thousands of infantry, more than a thousand cavalry and six or seven hundred chariots. Chen Sheng established himself as the king, and Zhang Chu (meaning Zhang Chu) was appointed as the fake king, and led the army to attack Xingyang (now Henan) in the west, killing Liu. All over the country, especially in the old Chu state, the people and the old nobles also rose up against the state of Qin.

The siege of Xingyang, Chen Sheng sent Zhou as a general, and the Western Expedition of the State of Qin. When Zhou arrived at the stage (now northeast of Lintong, Shaanxi, only a hundred miles away from Xianyang, the capital), he quickly ordered Shaofu to organize the torturers and slaves who built the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor into an army to fight. Due to the lack of combat experience, the rebel army went deep alone and suffered setbacks one after another. Zhou Wen committed suicide.

How did Chen Guang die?

In December of the 22nd year of Chen Qin's reign, he retreated to the lower city (now northwest of Mengcheng, Anhui Province) as his father and was killed by the traitor Zhuang Jia. Guangwu and Tian Cang, the rebel generals who besieged Xingyang, disagreed with Guangwu's opinion and killed Guangwu under the guise of Chen Shengzhi's life.

With the development of the anti-Qin war, the weaknesses and contradictions within the rebel army gradually emerged. Chen Sheng became proud, listened to rumors, killed old friends, became increasingly alienated from the uprising masses, and the generals sent to various places no longer obeyed his constraints. The fake Wang Guangwu who besieged Xingyang also disagreed with Tian Cang, the general of the rebel army. Tian Cang killed Guangwu under the wrong command of Chen Sheng, which led to the collapse of the whole army. Won Xingyang and pounced on Chen County. Chen Sheng was difficult to engage in war, so he broke through and fled to the city father (now northwest of Mengcheng, Anhui Province) and was killed by the traitor Zhuang Jia. Since then, although Chen Sheng's Cangtou Army led by Lv Chen recovered Chenjun twice and executed Zhuang Jia, the Zhang Chu regime no longer exists. Although Chen Sheng and the Uprising failed in less than a year, they ignited the fire against the Qin Dynasty all over the country and soon overthrew the rule of the Qin Dynasty.

In the twelfth month of the first year of Qin Ershi, Ruyin of Wang Chen returned to his father in the lower city, and the royal family killed him and sent him to Qin. (That is, Bobby Chen was killed by driver Zhuang Jia after losing in a row. )

According to Records of Historian Chen She Family, when Guangwu led an army to attack Xingyang, another uprising general, Zhou Wen, led hundreds of rebel troops into Xianyang. Because he was alone, the situation was extremely unfavorable. A few months later, being outnumbered, he was defeated by Mianchi (now Henan). At this time, the Qin Dynasty organized hundreds of thousands of troops to counter the rebels. See Tian Cang defeat, Qin Jun. Xingyang is too slow, so they are going to partially contain the enemy of Xingyang and use most of the elite soldiers to meet Qin Jun. They discussed with each other and said, "Today, the fake king (Guangwu) is arrogant and doesn't know military power. You can't collude with him If you don't punish him, you may lose. " So under the guise of Chen Shengzhi's life, he killed Guangwu and dedicated his head to Chen Sheng. "Wang Chen made Zangchu a general." (that is, Guangwu was killed by Tian Cang)

In November of the following year (208 BC), I was in Qin Ershi. From this historical data, we can see that Guangwu was so arrogant and willful that his subordinates could not discuss the military action plan with him and had to kill him. According to some general history works, "Guangwu was arrogant and incompetent and was killed by Tiancang Department". However, this conclusion is not impeccable for the following reasons: First, Historical Records Chen She Family says that "the arrogance of a fake king is incomparable", which comes from Tian Cang and others who want to replace Guangwu, and its reliability is questionable. Second, "Historical Records of Chen She Family" contains: "Wu Guangsu loves his wife, and his foot soldiers are mostly users". Sima Qian used praise here, which shows that Guangwu is not as arrogant as Tian Cang said. Thirdly, Historical Records of Chen She Family only records Chen Sheng's arrogance and bossiness towards the queen, but makes no mention of Guangwu's "arrogance". The reason is still worth exploring.