c？ 1843, Wei Yuan compiled the annals of the sea on the basis of the annals of the four seas, summed up the historical geography of all countries in the world and the foreign policy that China should adopt, put forward the idea of "learning from foreigners to control foreigners", and advocated learning advanced military and scientific technology from foreign countries, so as to make the country prosperous and resist aggression and create a new trend of learning from the west in modern China.