First, choose good varieties.

Variety is the basis of producing high-quality tobacco leaves, and excellent varieties have the characteristics of high yield, high quality, good stress resistance and easy baking. Flue-cured tobacco varieties must be tested and demonstrated by special scientific research departments and reported to the Variety Approval Committee of the State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau for approval before they can be popularized and used. Poor or degraded varieties cannot be fundamentally improved by means of cultivation, baking and processing. Therefore, it is necessary to put an end to seed reservation without permission, and the provincial tobacco scientific research department will uniformly supply coated tobacco seeds.

According to many years of experimental demonstration and popularization in our province, K326 has a good comprehensive performance and is suitable for planting in dry land and paddy field. RG 17 is resistant to bacterial wilt and suitable for planting in paddy fields and dry slopes with good water and fertilizer conditions, especially sandy mud fields. 9032 has low resistance to bacterial wilt, so it is suitable for planting in beef liver soil field and red sandy soil. Yunyan 87 has strong adaptability and is suitable for planting in various soil types.

Second, cultivate strong seedlings of tobacco leaves

1, pay attention to the selection of seedbed. Paddy fields with sunny lee, convenient irrigation and drainage, far away from vegetable fields, barns and villages, and loose soil should be selected as seedbeds to prevent the infection and spread of pests and diseases.

2. Layout of seedbed: firstly, the required seedbed should be ploughed and sunned thoroughly in advance, then harrowed, the compartment surface should be leveled to remove impurities such as net particles, and then slightly leveled and compacted. Planting 1 mu yellow tobacco in the field requires 2-3 square meters of seedbed. The width of seedbed chamber is 1m, and the height of chamber edge is about 15cm. A drainage ditch with a depth of 20 cm is opened around the seedbed, then 2-3 layers of tobacco-specific compound fertilizer are evenly spread on the seedbed every 2-3 square meters, 20 kg of decomposed pig manure is used as the base fertilizer, and finally 4-5 cm is covered with fine fireclay.

3. Sterilization of seedbed can eliminate germs, pests and weeds in seedbed and nutrient soil. At present, montmorillonite is used for disinfection, and each bottle of montmorillonite (250 ml) is mixed with 30-35 kg of water. The specific operation method is as follows: firstly, the "montmorillonite" solution mixed with water is evenly sprayed on the seedbed, so that the "montmorillonite" solution permeates the seedbed evenly for 2-3 cm, and then it is covered with a film next to the ground, and the periphery is compacted and sealed with soil. If the film is found to be damaged, it should be repaired with sealing tape. After sealing and disinfecting for 7 days, uncover the film, and turn the topsoil of the seedbed 4-5 cm repeatedly with a hoe before sowing to help ventilate and disperse the poison. The detoxification time is about 5 days. Special attention should be paid to human and animal safety during disinfection.

B. Planting sites

First, choose a good plot. Generally, plots with high fertility and good irrigation conditions are selected to grow tobacco.

Second, scientific fertilization. Generally, 40-50kg of special fertilizer, 30-40kg of phosphate fertilizer and 0/0kg of potash fertilizer/kloc are applied per mu. 70% of the total fertilization amount is used as base fertilizer and 30% as topdressing.

Third, timely transplanting. Transplanting should be completed before April 20. The row spacing is 1- 1. 1m, and the plant spacing is 0.5-0.55m. ..

Fourth, topdressing and watering in time. After transplanting, tobacco seedlings grow vigorously and need a lot of fertilizer and water. Top dressing and watering should be completed within 30 days after transplanting.

Five, to carry out integrated pest control. It is mainly used to control diseases and insect pests such as leaf spot, black stem disease, tobacco budworm, aphid and cutworm.

Sixth, the appropriate period of topping. When the main center flowers are in bloom, such as tobacco plants, topping 70%; When it opened for the second time, all the flowers in the center were finished.

Seven, strictly grasp the maturity of tobacco leaves. Put the visually mature leaves in the dark. After 48 hours in the lower leaves and 36-48 hours in the middle and upper leaves, if the leaves are found to be yellow with blue veins, it means that the leaves are mature and can be harvested and baked. The lower leaves are ripe and harvested, and the middle and upper leaves need to be fully ripe and harvested.

Eight, promote the three-stage baking process. When the blade reaches 90% Huang Shi, it can turn to fire to prevent excessive yellowing and ash hanging, and the maximum temperature during the tendon drying period shall not be higher than 68℃.

C. Prevention and control of pests and diseases

First, mosaic. First, pay attention to field operation and disinfection of tools, remove diseased plants in time and destroy them centrally. The second is to balance nutrition, improve nutritional resistance, reasonably mix nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and appropriately increase the dosage of potassium fertilizer. Third, after the wheat harvest, do a good job of avoiding and preventing aphids again and cut off the transmission route of the virus. Fourthly, spraying 500 times of Bick virus wettable powder, 400-600 times of Jinyebao wettable powder or 0. 1% zinc sulfate and 20% virus A for prevention and control.

The second is angular leaf spot and wildfire. First, rational fertilization and irrigation in tobacco fields to prevent excessive nitrogen fertilizer in the later period and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Second, when spot disease occurs in the field, the diseased leaves should be removed in time, and 1: 150 bordeaux solution or 2 million units of agricultural streptomycin or 50% DT500 times solution 1 time should be sprayed every 7 ~/0 days for more than 3 consecutive times.

Third, climate spot disease. First, strengthen field management, increase the intensity of root topdressing and improve the stress resistance of tobacco leaves; Control the transplanting density, remove the bottom leaves in time, and enhance ventilation and light transmission. The second is to spray 70% thiophanate-methyl 500 ~ 1000 times solution, 50% zineb 600 times solution or 2 million units of agricultural streptomycin 500 times solution.

Fourth, tobacco bugs. First, adhere to the principle of "treating early and treating small" and eliminate pests before the third age (gluttony period). The second is to kill larvae and eggs, check the bottom leaves and the back of leaves, spray drugs to kill eggs when purple-brown eggs are found, and check the heart leaves and tender leaves in time to kill eggs artificially; The third is to kill 1, 000 ~ 1, 500 times, 900% trichlorfon, 1, 000 times, 50% chlorpyrifos EC, 800 times, 50% phoxim EC, and 3000 ~ 5000 times, 90% Wanling or Kuailing WP. Use drugs alternately to prevent pests from developing drug resistance. At the same time, local tobacco departments should warn the majority of tobacco farmers that tobacco diseases and insect pests should not only be prevented as early as possible, but also be prevented scientifically, and the occurrence trends and problems existing in prevention and control should be reflected or consulted to the tobacco departments in time, so as to take targeted measures to prevent large-scale occurrence of diseases and insect pests.