At the end of the shogunate, capitalism sprouted economically, and at the same time, the so-called rich peasants and rich businessmen appeared. The innovative forces among the lower samurai and the ambitious people from the aristocratic families of farmers, merchants, United with the powerful princes in the southwest and the royal officials who were in conflict with the shogunate, and put forward the slogan of "respecting the king and rejecting the foreign countries", that is, respecting the emperor and driving away foreign invaders. Collaborate with western forces to assassinate the shogunate; Attacking western businessmen and diplomats in Japan; Attacking ships of western powers, etc. During this period, the revered faction still had illusions about the shogunate, did not explicitly demand the overthrow of the Tokugawa era, was severely suppressed by the shogunate army and western powers, and finally failed.

After the failure of the movement of respecting the king and excluding foreigners, many people of insight realized that the Tokugawa era must be overthrown in order to change the present situation of Japan and realize the prosperity of Qiang Bing. As a result, the movement of respecting the king and resisting the foreign countries evolved into an inverted curtain movement.