Offering Hada is the most common and grand etiquette of Tibetan people. When the hospitable Tibetan host presents Hada to the guests, the guests should bow and accept it; When entering the homes of ordinary Tibetans, remember not to step on the threshold with your feet; When addressing a person's name, the word "la" is usually added after the name to show respect and goodwill to the other person. If the host asks you to sit down, you can sit cross-legged. Don't straighten your legs and point your feet at people. In addition, you can't touch the heads of Tibetans with your hands.
Three mouthfuls and one cup is the most important etiquette for Tibetans to receive guests. The procedure of three cups is as follows: the guests dip some wine in the ring finger of their right hand, play it in the air, in the air and on the ground three times to show their respect for heaven, earth and ancestors (or for the three treasures, Buddha and Taoism), and then take a sip. The host will fill the glass, take another sip, the host will fill the glass again, and so on for three times, and finally finish the wine in the glass.
In Tibet, we never eat horse meat, donkey meat or dog meat. Tibetans in some places don't even eat fish. Because Tibetans believe that dogs and horses are human beings and cannot be eaten; Donkeys are considered to be very unclean and cannot be eaten. Therefore, never mention eating donkey meat or dog meat in Xi- Tibet.
The main tourist attractions in western Tibet are temples. At present, many temples open to tourists in western Tibet are Tibetan Buddhist temples, and Tibetan people generally believe in Tibetan Buddhism. So when you turn the warp thread, you must go clockwise, and never go counterclockwise. Many Tibetan elders will follow some sheep with red silk hanging behind them when they turn over the scriptures. This kind of sheep is called "herding sheep". Don't disturb these sheep. At the same time, in the Buddhist temple, it is not allowed to make noise and touch the Buddha statue at will, and it is not allowed to take pictures and photos in the Buddhist temple without permission.
It is a humble act for Tibetans to stick out their tongues, and it is a respect for each other, not a disrespect for others. Put your hands together and express your blessing to the guests.
Tibetan is the title of Chinese. Western Tibet is called "Bo" in Tibetan, and Tibetans living here call themselves "Boba". Known as the "roof of the world", Xi Tibet is beautiful and magical, and it is the main settlement of Tibetans. Among the existing population of 6.5438+0.3 million, Tibetans account for 95%, which is one of the ancient ethnic groups in China. Tibetans generally believe in Tibetan Buddhism, namely Lamaism. Many traditional festivals in the past were related to religious activities. Tibetan folk festivals include Tibetan New Year, Butter Lantern Festival and Bathing Buddha Festival. The biggest traditional festival of the Tibetan people is the Tibetan calendar on the first day of the first month of the Tibetan calendar every year. Tibetan customs and habits include offering Hada, eating taboos, offering milk tea, butter tea and highland barley wine to Tibetans, and Tibetans are most afraid that others will touch sacred objects such as Buddha statues, scriptures, beads and amulets. Tibetan customs and habits .....
Tibetans are used to calling themselves by their first names. Before liberation, there were room names before the names of nobles, and the names were divided into men and women, mostly from Buddhist scriptures; The name of the house is the title of hereditary manor, which has no blood significance. Men's braids are worn on their heads, women's braids are draped over their shoulders, combed into double braids or braids, and ornaments are hung at the ends of braids or special hair racks. Both men and women wear wool hats or thin fur hats, with short inner sleeves, trousers for men and skirts for women, long sleeves in Tibetan robes, a fat round neck and lace to the right.
Offering Hada is the most common and grand courtesy of Tibetans to their guests. The longer and wider Hada offered, the more grand it became. For venerable persons and elders, when offering Hada, you should raise your hands above your head, lean forward slightly and lift Hada to the front of the seat. For peers, just send Hada to each other's hands or wrists; For the younger generation or subordinates, it is tied to the neck. It is impolite to bow or send something without one hand. Those who accept Hada had better make the same gesture as those who offer Hada to express their gratitude.
When Tibetans greet each other, they nod and stick out their tongues to show cordial greetings. The recipient of the gift should smile and nod. There are guests visiting, and Tibetans are waiting outside the tent to meet the distinguished guests. When Tibetans meet their elders or distinguished guests, they should take off their hats and bow 45 degrees, holding their hats in both hands and approaching the ground; When you meet a colleague, just lower your head slightly and hold your hat on your chest to show politeness. Men and women sit separately, accustomed to men sitting on the left and women sitting on the right.
Among the dietary taboos, Tibetans have more taboos about eating garlic. As a condiment, most people will eat garlic, but if you want to worship Buddha and the holy land, you must never eat garlic, because the smell after eating garlic will defile and fumigate the holy land. Some people say that you can't go to the Buddhist temple on the day of eating garlic, others say that you can't go until three days later, and others think that it is not appropriate to go to temples, monasteries and other holy places within seven days after eating garlic. Because it takes time to remove the odor of garlic. "Some devout people hardly eat garlic.
Tibetans have the custom of offering milk tea, butter tea and highland barley wine to their guests. When a guest visits a Tibetan family, the host will offer three glasses of highland barley wine. Whether guests can drink or not, they should dip their ring fingers in the wine and play. When the guests don't drink or play, the host immediately picks up the wine to sing and dance, and comes to persuade them to drink. If the guest doesn't drink enough, he can take a sip and ask him to add wine. After drinking two mouthfuls of wine, the host filled the glass, and the guest drank it immediately. The guest didn't drink much and the host was very satisfied. According to Tibetan custom, the host offered butter tea, which the guests could not refuse. They should drink at least three bowls, and the more they drink, the more popular they become.
The etiquette of toasting butter tea is: the guest sits in front of a Tibetan square table, and the hostess puts a small wooden bowl with a silver edge in front of the guest, then pours a bowl of butter tea to the guest with a kettle or thermos, and the host and guest start chatting; When the hostess carries the pot again, the guest can pick up the bowl, gently blow it into the bowl, then take a sip and say something praising the tea. When the hostess carries the pot for the third time, the guest drinks the second sip of wine; When guests are ready to leave, they can drink more, but not dry. Be sure to leave some crisp tea leaves at the bottom of the bowl.
Tibetans are most afraid of people touching sacred objects such as Buddha statues, scriptures, beads, amulets, etc., and think that this is against the rules and is not good for people and animals.
Women in agricultural areas of western Tibetan areas wear sleeveless robes in summer and autumn, with aprons tied in front and fringed collars, sleeves and skirts; Both men and women wear belts and boots. Herdsmen wear sheepskin robes instead of sewing them. Monks and nuns wear cassock. The staple food of Tibetan residents is Ciba, and they like to drink butter tea. Herdsmen live on beef and mutton, and monks and nuns can eat meat. The house is built in Xiangyang highland near the water source, with stone or rammed earth as the wall, two or three stories high, with flat windows at most, and a yard, and the house is paved with wooden boards or anchors; Herdsmen live in big tents made of canvas or yak hair. Yak is mainly used for transportation. Yak is a specialty of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with long hair and cold tolerance, and has the reputation of "boat on the plateau". Waterway transportation mainly uses cowhide boats or canoes. Cowhide boat is a unique water transportation tool for Tibetans. Monks are allowed to get married, except for the Yellow Sect, which forbids marriage. Monks should hold religious ceremonies in their own temples when they get married, and settle outside the temples after marriage. Tibetans are buried in the sky (that is, birds are buried), monks die, and some people living in forest areas are cremated, but cremation is prohibited during the harvest season. In addition, besides the conditions, burial in soil and burial in water are generally considered unlucky. Women have to leave the room or go somewhere else to give birth. When Tibetans meet the upper class, when they receive guests, they should present a long silk scarf, called Hada in Tibetan, and put it under the articles of the devotees when returning gifts.
In Tibetan, Fengmaqi is called Long Da, and its origin and spread can not be separated from religion. It is a medium for monks and secular believers to communicate with the spiritual world. Hanging wind and horse flags in auspicious birthdays and New Year's Day celebrations symbolizes the safety of the world, people and animals; Wind and horse flags are inserted everywhere along the river and lake to show reverence for the water god; Pilgrims trekked thousands of miles with eye-catching wind horse flags to pray for a safe journey ... These are the general functions of wind horse flags. On special days, the wind horse flag has another function that is not easy to see. After the death of the living Buddha, every family planted a wind horse flag on the roof to show their condolences.