Japanese Reservation of China Culture

Culturally, the first and last minority ruler of the Qing Dynasty was able to completely change the Han culture. For example, foreigners' stereotype of China is: Manchu costumes such as Tang suit and cheongsam (originally evolved from Manchu riding mandarin jackets), while men in Qing Dynasty wore braids (related to the promulgation and strict implementation of haircut orders); The melody of Chinese musical instruments has changed from elegant and quiet to festive and lively. Before that, guzheng, pipa and other national orchestral instruments were widely used, but in the Qing Dynasty, suona, gongs and drums and other loud playing and percussion instruments were widely used. Similarly, the architectural style has also undergone tremendous changes. The original cornice has become higher, the eaves have become more inward, the twists and turns have increased, the straightness has been shortened, and the original natural freehand brushwork style has become magnificent; Most of the ornaments are natural textures and plants, and they tend to carve dragons and phoenixes or historical allusions. Therefore, the Qing Dynasty caused great changes in China's traditional costumes, music and architectural culture, which have influenced it to this day. On the contrary, China culture has many reservations in Japan, such as copying the kimono of Hanfu; Japanese Dao evolved from tangdao. Japanese music and architecture retain a lot of the essence of China culture (especially the Tang Dynasty), but these are rare in China.

Japanese cultural history

The origin of Japanese culture: Archaeological studies have found that primitive humans from northeast China entered the Korean peninsula hundreds of thousands of years ago and some migrated to the Japanese archipelago. Archaeology and anthropology hold that the Japanese nation is mainly composed of Han people in ancient China, Wuyue people in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, coastal people in southern China in ancient times, a small number of Tungusic people in Siberia, a small number of Malays and Indosinians in Nanyang Islands, and gradually migrated to Japan for integration and evolution. Since 1996, the investigation team composed of Chinese and Japanese archaeologists, anthropologists and medical experts has repeatedly confirmed the above conclusions. During the Warring States Period, Qin wiped out Yan Qi Yue, and a large number of Yan Qi Yue people fled to the Korean Peninsula and Japan. After the destruction of the Shang Dynasty in the Western Zhou Dynasty in China, Ji Zi, a follower of the Shang Dynasty, went to the Korean Peninsula and established a "country to help the world" with the local indigenous people. From the 3rd century BC to the 5th century A.D./kloc-0, the northern part of the Korean Peninsula belonged to China. During this period and the late Qing Dynasty, wars and disasters occurred in the north of China, and a large number of China people immigrated to the Korean Peninsula one after another, and then migrated to Japan from here to the east and south. There is also an immigration route that directly crosses the sea from eastern China to the Japanese archipelago. China's Chinese characters have always been used in Japan, and now about 80% of the Japanese accent is inflected by Chinese. Japanese pronunciation mainly comes from the integration of China Chinese dialect accent, Tungusic accent, wuyue accent, a few Malay accents of Nanyang Islands and Indo-Chinese accent from Shang and Zhou Dynasties to Qing Dynasty, so Japanese culture has been deeply influenced by China. The earliest ancient human fossils unearthed on the Japanese archipelago are only tens of thousands of years old. The Japanese archipelago did not appear until the 4th century. Before that, there were only tribes. The Japanese archipelago was not originally called Japan. Ancient Japanese culture mainly benefited from the absorption and integration of China culture. Japanese absorption of China culture is a long-term historical process with many aspects and thousands of years. Chinese characters and Chinese, Confucianism, statutes and Buddhism are the main contents of Japanese absorption of China culture. It was under the great influence of Chinese civilization that the Japanese archipelago passed the barbaric stage and entered the civilized stage in the 4th and 5th centuries. [1] At the end of the 3rd century, Dr. Wang Ren, a Baekje, spread China's Confucian classic "The Analects of Confucius" in ten volumes and in one volume with thousands of characters. In the 5th century, Japanese aristocrats were able to use Chinese characters well. In the seventh year (5 13) after the emperor ascended the throne, Baekje was asked to send sinologists who were familiar with Confucian classics to Japan on a regular basis, and then added experts in various fields such as doctor of medicine, doctor of calendar, astronomy and geography, yin and yang and five elements. In the Shoto Kutaishi period (593-62 1), overseas students were sent to China directly, and the Chinese civilization system was fully absorbed, which laid the foundation for the development of Japanese culture.

Edit this example of Japanese culture.

Karate is a fighting sport introduced to Japan from China. It does not use any weapons, but only fists and feet. Compared with other fighting sports, it is a form of sports with considerable practical significance. Aikido was originally just a kind of exercise to practice "shape", and its basic idea is not to use force against power. Compared with judo and karate, Aikido, as a mental exercise and fitness exercise, is very popular with the elderly and women. Calligraphy, when it comes to calligraphy, I believe many people will think it is a unique art in China. In fact, calligraphy is not only popular in Japan, but also one of the ways people cultivate their temperament. In ancient Japan, calligraphy was called "Tathagata" or "calligraphy". It was not until the Edo period (17th century) that the word "calligraphy" appeared. In Japan, the popularity of writing Chinese characters with a brush should be after the introduction of Buddhism. Monks and Buddhists imitate China and copy Confucian classics with a brush, which is a traditional Japanese drama and one of the oldest existing dramas in the world. Nengju originated from ancient dance drama forms and various festival dramas held in Japanese shrines and monasteries in the12nd century or13rd century. "Neng" means talent or skill. Actors hint at the essence of the story through facial expressions and body movements, rather than showing it. Now this kind of drama still has tenacious vitality in Japan. Sushi is a kind of food made of sashimi (さしみ), raw shrimp, raw fish powder and so on. Mix with white rice, vinegar, seafood, horseradish, etc. Knead into a rice ball. There are many kinds of sushi, not less than hundreds, and sushi in different regions also has its own characteristics. Most of them are prepared with rice and vinegar first, then wrapped with fish, meat and eggs, and wrapped with laver or bean skin. When eating raw fish sushi, drink Japanese green tea or sake, which has a special taste.

Characteristics of Japanese culture

No matter how frequent and far-reaching the cultural exchanges between Japan and China are in history, the development of Japanese culture has many characteristics since ancient times, many of which are different from those of China and the West. In the process of the formation and development of Japanese culture (including sex culture), there are many seemingly contradictory phenomena, but they are harmoniously combined to form a unique East Asian culture, which can be said to be rare in the world. Therefore, American philosopher Moore believes that Japanese culture is "the most mysterious and bizarre of all great traditions". This contradiction and unity are first manifested in the absorption and independence of culture. Historically, during the period of 1000 years, the Japanese absorbed a great deal of China's Datang culture. 1868 The Tokugawa regime collapsed, and after the Meiji Restoration began, Japan entered a "civilized" period. During this period, the Japanese introduced western civilization according to the method of 1 1 century ago, and made great achievements, which laid the foundation for building a modern country. The formation and development of any culture are influenced by many factors. History at home and abroad, as well as Buddhism, Confucianism and even Christianity have all played a role in Japanese culture. Japan is changing, but it has never really broken away from its oldest local cultural roots. This situation can be seen from many phenomena in Japanese society. Now TV, air conditioning, cars, computers, going abroad for holidays, etc. It has penetrated deeply into ordinary families in Japan, and the surface of Japanese life has changed beyond recognition. Nevertheless, behind the curtain of modernization, there are still many things belonging to Japanese native culture. From a deep analysis, Japan is still a traditional country. For example, they like to eat raw and cold food and advocate the original flavor; Like plain color and natural taste; Strong family power, family consciousness and group consciousness; Folk beliefs and witchcraft prevail; Women's meekness and dependence on men; Want to get rich, can get rich, but after getting rich, I am at a loss; Wait a minute. This contradiction and unity are manifested in the input and output of culture. Japan is a nation that attaches great importance to and is very good at absorbing and introducing other cultures. From the "large-scale innovation" in the 7th century to the "Meiji Restoration" in19th century, it greatly promoted the development and progress of Japan. Comparatively speaking, China is not very good at absorbing the cultures of other countries and nationalities in history. It is an advantage to have a long history and a vast territory, but if we only pay attention to output but not to input, and do not pay attention to absorbing nutrition from the cultures of other countries and nations and constantly developing ourselves, then this advantage will also go to the opposite side. With the rapid growth of Japan's economy, Japan's awareness of promoting its own culture abroad has become stronger and stronger, and it has put forward a strategic slogan, which is what former Japanese Prime Minister Nakasone Yasuhiro called "internationalization". In this regard, the Japanese government has invested a lot of money. According to a statistic in the 1990s, the annual budget of overseas cultural exchange projects sponsored by Japanese official institutions, such as inviting or sending scholars, overseas students and carrying out large-scale cultural activities, is 654.38 billion yen. The International Exchange Fund under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan mainly encourages and subsidizes projects related to Japan, such as Japanese overseas education, research, translation and publication of Japanese cultural and literary works, or cultural activities related to this. The government has invested heavily in promoting its own culture and achieved remarkable results. These measures are closely related to the world-famous tea ceremony and flower path in Japan and the high-quality translation of Japanese literary works in many languages. Another aspect of contradictory unity is the old official culture and folk culture in Japan. In ancient Japan, no matter how much the government emphasized foreign culture, folk culture remained largely reserved. For example, in Heian period (794- 1 185), when the culture of the Tang Dynasty was strongly advocated, all Japanese literati men wrote in Chinese, while women did not, and as a result, they became pioneers of Japanese native literature. In a long historical period, people can do whatever they want within the boundaries of many fields allowed and controlled by the government. There, actors dressed as women, male prostitutes, prostitutes and woodcut artists can please God. The urban folk culture in the Edo period, especially in the more prosperous17th century, is inextricably linked with this narrow world of enjoyment. Many writers, musicians, actors and painters are in and out of this "lewd world" which is despised by the government but deeply loved by the people.