Superconducting technology: `Japan began to study the superconducting Shinkansen, with an estimated speed of 500 kilometers per hour. Strength companies include: Hitachi, Toshiba, Japanese cars, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, etc.
Material technology: NEC, Toshiba, Hitachi, Furukawa Electric, Kobe Steel Works, Sumitomo Electric, Tokyo Electric Power, etc.
Nanotechnology: high-speed communication technology, NEC, Hitachi; Next generation DVD technology: Sony; ; Toshiba;
Next generation DVD technology: Hitachi; Flat screen technology: Canon, Sony, Shuang Ye Electronics; Silicon technology: Tokyo microelectronics, Nikon;
MEMS: mitsubishi electric, Sharp, Panasonic;
Universe: Ishikawa Island Broadcasting and Grinding Heavy Industry; Kawasaki Heavy Industries and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries; Toshiba, NEC, mitsubishi electric;
In the field of traditional industries, the world situation is roughly as follows: steel: the first place is Luxembourg company, the second is Dutch company, and the third is Nippon Steel; The fourth place is JFE Steel (Japan); China Baosteel ranks sixth (joint venture with Japan); Chemistry: Mitsubishi Chemistry ranked fifth. The top four are divided between the United States and Germany; Asahi Kasai ranked ninth. Automobile: GM ranks first temporarily, and it is estimated that the second place will be surpassed by Toyota; Nissan ranked 8 th; Honda ninth;
Household appliances: the top 15 was swept by Japan: Panasonic, Hitachi, Toshiba, Sharp and mitsubishi electric were the top five; Semiconductor: The semiconductor company jointly invested by Hitachi and Mitsubishi ranked fourth, and Intel topped the list;
Communication field: NTT leads.
It is generally believed that new technology is a stage from research to maturity, and the second stage is from maturity to application. The time of the second phase is 10- 15 years. In other words, if you want to apply a new technology now, it must be mature before 10, otherwise it cannot be applied. Japan is planning to build a superconducting Shinkansen, that is to say, its research on superconductivity has matured ten years ago.
Japan's strong rival in some fields is still the United States. Occasionally, some mature European companies take the lead in sales. In the foreseeable future, China can't be a Japanese opponent, because China is not worth mentioning in both traditional and new technology fields. All the above industries, based on the former 15 employees, can only see the name of one China company: Baosteel, or a joint venture adopting Japanese technology.
Eat, learn and live in medicine.
1. Income and purchasing power Generally, the fixed monthly salary of the Japanese can be simply calculated. How many tens of thousands of yen can be earned every month around the age of 30, such as 300,000 yen at the age of 30 and 500,000 yen at the age of 50, plus two bonuses in summer and year-end ***2-5 months. Therefore, the annual income at the age of 30 is generally 4.5 million yen, and the annual income at the age of 40 is 6 million yen. The above is after-tax income. Below this figure, it is not good, and above this figure, it is success. Taxes and insurance generally account for 10-20%, all of which are deducted from wages and paid directly to relevant departments by the company or bank. This summer award and year-end award are very important. No temporary workers. Only regular employees have it. The longer they work in a company, the higher their position. Buying a house and buying a car basically depends on this. The salary of temporary workers is generally 700- 1000 yen/hour, working eight hours a day, 26 days a month 166400 yen/month.
The exchange rate of yen/RMB fluctuates greatly, but it can generally be calculated as 700 RMB with 10000 yen. Another rough calculation method is 100 USD = 1000 yuan = 10000 yen. Now there are hundred-dollar stores everywhere in Japan, with thousands of daily necessities 100 yen, which is 7 yuan RMB. In China, things that cost more than 65,438+00 yuan, such as tape measures and tools, are also 65,438+000 yen there. Vegetables and fruits in the supermarket are also 100 yen each or a handful. Excluding the special case of 10 egg, 10 yen, 10 kg rice and 1000 yen, the purchasing power of 100 yen is basically equal to 1-7 yuan RMB, that is to say, in China1-.
The monthly purchasing power is China's monthly salary/price = 1.500 yuan /7 yuan = 2 14 pieces, Japanese 30-year-old worker's monthly salary/price = 300,000 yen/100 yen = 3,000 pieces, and China's daily purchasing power is 2 14 pieces /30 days =7 pieces. On the other hand, the price/wage ratio means that Chinese prices can buy 7 yuan a day and Japanese wages can buy 100 yuan a day.
Except for fresh vegetables, the whole family goes shopping by car. Fruit, beer and snacks are all in one box, and it costs thousands of yen to go to a hundred-dollar store. Things are so cheap that you have to send several boxes of things as soon as you move. We often receive material donations from former students or Japanese friends. After graduation, I often send things, such as color TV, refrigerator, air conditioner, electronic organ, car computer and so on. Other countries are basically the same. When you first went, someone gave you something, and a few years later, you gave it to someone else. I like traveling. I have been to many countries, whether it is Southeast Asia, India, Europe, America and Australia. Comparing the price/wage ratio objectively, China is the most expensive in the world. You just need to figure out how many things you can buy with a month's salary. Everyone's salary has risen by 10 times, and the life of half-price reduction is now the life of advanced countries.
2. Education
Go-vern-ment began to pay nutrition fees when she was pregnant, and delivered milk to your family every day. When I was born, I went directly to the city government to collect 300 thousand yen for hospitalization and then bought all the baby products, leaving tens of thousands. 1 month can be delivered to kindergarten. Go-vern-ment public kindergartens cost about1-30,000 yen/month, and private kindergartens cost about twice as much as public kindergartens. Kindergarten is a part of social welfare, and those with less income can apply for paying less or not.
The tuition fee from elementary school to junior high school is zero, and the lunch fee at noon every day is about 3000 yen/month. All the expenses paid to the school in one year are about 30 thousand yen, which is equivalent to three days' salary. Once I moved from one city to another, because the textbooks were different, I got another set of all the textbooks for that school year. High school is not compulsory at the beginning, and the tuition fee is about 65438+ 10,000 yen. Spend 200 thousand a year and get less than 1 month.
The tuition fee of private universities is about 1 10,000 yen/year, and that of state universities is about 500,000 yen/year. There are various scholarships and student loans. Almost everyone from kindergarten to university can apply for fee reduction. As an international student, I apply for a half-fee waiver for my children and myself.
Think about compulsory education, people's education and so-called party spirit education in our country. We found that China really can't do this, which is very bad! ! ! )
3. Housing Japan's housing is very expensive, but in addition to Tokyo, other cities can also be lower than Tokyo's housing price 1/2. An ordinary family of three lives in an old house for 30,000 to 50,000 yen/month. Living in a two-story villa in a medium-sized city, with a garden in front and a vegetable garden in the back, the rent is 70 thousand yen/month. Ordinary workers spend 30,000-50,000 yen a month in mortgage to buy a house for 20 years, that is to say, the house was built after decades of living and working by themselves. Ordinary 30-year-old white-collar workers can buy a suite for ten years with a salary of 300,000/month or 4.5 million/year, but most of them are mortgaged because mortgage consumption is tax-free. Tax control is after all your expenses such as buying a house, buying a car and seeing a doctor. Controlled, only the remaining income will be taxed.
By the way, cars. Ordinary college students buy an old car after learning to drive in the summer vacation of their first year of college, which costs 50-65438+ 10,000 yen. My Honda was given zero yuan by my classmates. After he was admitted to graduate school, he spent 6.5438+200,000 yen to buy a new Corolla. The cars bought by college students just after graduation are generally of this grade (Corolla, VIOS), and the price is (8-654.38+0.5 million yen). In other words, college students can buy an old car after working for one month, and a new car with their parents' bonus (2-5 months' salary) after working. My Honda was sold to a recycling factory in 1 1 year, and I lost 5000 yuan. The Nissan Bluebird, which has been driving for 8 years, sold for 20,000 yen.
In April 2006, China gasoline 4.6 yuan/liter, American gasoline 4.8 yuan/liter, Australian gasoline 3. 1 yuan/liter, Japanese gasoline 6.3 yuan/liter, Indian gasoline 2.7 yuan/liter. The daily change of oil price is inaccurate, but the error will not exceed plus or minus 1 yuan. You can buy more than 100 liters of gasoline a day abroad, and you can buy 10 liters of gasoline a day at home.
The biggest feature of Japanese medical care is that everyone joins the national health insurance. National health insurance is divided into three levels, namely, boss level, general level and family level. Those who start their own companies or earn a particularly high income belong to the boss level, and most of them are ordinary levels. Unemployed family members and children are paid from their parents' salaries and must be paid independently from adulthood. Thousands to tens of thousands of yen a month are mainly paid according to income, and I never worry directly from my salary. I forgot that the specific figure may be around 5%. See a doctor with a national health guarantee. Individuals pay 10-20% of medical expenses and 80-90% of insurance. If it is too high, such as more than several times the salary, you can apply for a reduction.
Japan's economic strength is manifested at home and abroad. In recent years, China is proud of introducing a lot of foreign capital, but Japan is the largest creditor country in the world. At the end of 2000, Japanese overseas assets amounted to 3.2 trillion US dollars, equivalent to 2.3 times of China's total GDP in 2003, and its manufacturing overseas sales amounted to more than 654.38 trillion US dollars, equivalent to China's GDP (Tang, 200 1). Such a powerful and invisible "overseas Japanese" is enough to shame China enterprises that have been open for 20 years and are now full of ambitions, shouting slogans and marching into "going out"!
Comparison of economic structure: 1999, Japan's tertiary industry structure ratio is 2: 36: 62, which has long been an obvious "post-industrial society". From 65438 to 0975, the employment rate of the tertiary industry in Japan exceeded 50% for the first time, which indicated that Japan gradually entered the "post-industrialization" era centered on the service industry as early as the 1970s. In contrast, in 2003, the tertiary industry structure in China was 14.7:53:32.3, and China did not even complete the transformation from the former industrial society to the industrialized society.
According to the definition of industrialization by the National Bureau of Statistics, the signs of a country's complete industrialization are: First, the agricultural output value is below 15%, which can be said that China has just crossed; Second, agricultural employment is below 20%, and China is still as high as 50%, which can be said to be far from enough; Third, the proportion of urban population must be above 60%. At present, China is only about 40%, which is far from enough.
What is the level of urbanization in Japan? 1950, the urban population of Japan accounted for 38% of the total population, which is similar to that of China today, and most of the Japanese people today live in cities.
In 2003, the growth of heavy industry in China exceeded that of light industry by 4 percentage points, and heavy industry investment began to enter a prosperous period. The whole country rejoices that China's economy has entered the stage of "heavy chemical industry". But few people in China know that as early as 1955, Japan entered the high-processing stage of heavy chemical industry and transformed into a capital and technology-intensive economy. In terms of industrial structure, China is only similar to Japan 40 years ago.