This is a backwater of despair,
The breeze doesn't move at all.
Why don't you throw more rubbish,
Throw out your leftovers.
Maybe copper will turn green into jade,
A few rusty peach petals on the tin can;
Let greasy weave a layer of Luo Qi,
Mold steamed some clouds for him.
Let the stagnant water ferment into a ditch of green wine,
Full of pearl foam;
Little Pearl smiled and became a big one.
I was bitten by a flower mosquito who stole wine again.
A desperate backwater ditch,
And a little image.
If frogs can't stand loneliness,
Dead water again. It is singing.
This is a backwater of despair,
This is definitely not the beauty,
Why don't we leave it to ugliness to cultivate,
Look at the world he created.
Written in 1926, Dead Water is Wen Yiduo's masterpiece. The poet compared the dark and corrupt reality of old China to "a pool of stagnant water", expressing his hatred of ugly forces and his love for the motherland. The last sentence of the poem shows that, on the one hand, he has no illusions about stagnant water, that is, darkness, and firmly believes that ugliness can never produce beauty; On the other hand, he didn't really despair, not because his heart was dying, but because he hated stagnant water and wanted it to die. "It is better to leave it to ugliness to cultivate" is an indignant sentence. Zhu Ziqing said: "It is simply to make' ugly' full of evil as soon as possible, and' despair' has hope." (Preface to the Complete Works of Wen Yiduo) Hope in despair and patriotic enthusiasm in cold are the ideological characteristics of this poem.
In Dead Water, Wen Yiduo draws lessons from the irony of modern western poetry and the artistic principle of "taking ugliness as beauty". In the middle three paragraphs of the poem, the imagination is enriched, all the ugly things in the stagnant water are painted in beautiful shapes, and the dirty, moldy, dim and silent stagnant water is satirized with bright colors and loud voices. Beauty and ugliness are intertwined and contrasted, and the artistic effect is refreshing.
Dead Water is a typical example of Wen Yiduo's experiments on his "three beauties" (music beauty, painting beauty and architecture beauty). This poem has strict meter. The whole poem consists of five sections, each with four lines. Each line consists of three "two-character (phonetic symbol) feet" and one "three-character (phonetic symbol) foot", with the same rhythm and the same number of words. Each bar is generally based on abcb rhyme, which is very neat from internal rhythm to external form. Poets are like "dancing in chains", but it is admirable to dance so easily and harmoniously.
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Red candle
The candle burns out and glows.
-Li Shangyin
Red candle!
Such a red candle!
Poet!
Spit out your heart and compare it,
But what about ordinary colors?
Red candle!
Who made the wax?-gave it to your body.
Who lit the fire-lit the soul?
Why do you have to burn the wax to ashes?
And light up?
Repeated mistakes;
Contradiction! Conflict!
Red candle!
Nothing wrong, nothing wrong!
It should "light" your light-
This is the natural way.
Red candle!
Once made, it will burn!
Burn it! Burn it!
The dream of burning the world,
The blood of the boiling world-
Save their souls,
Smash their prison!
Red candle!
When your heart is burning,
It was the day when tears began.
Red candle!
The craftsman created you,
It was originally used for burning.
Now it's burning,
Why are you crying?
Oh! I know!
It is the residual wind that invades your light,
When your fever is unstable,
I was so anxious that I cried!
Red candle!
Flow! How can it not flow?
Please put your cream,
Constantly flowing to the world,
Cultivate comfortable flowers,
Form a happy fruit!
Red candle!
You shed a tear and the ash was distracted.
Depression, tears for your fruit,
Create light for your career.
Red candle!
"Mo Wen harvests, but asks for farming."
This poem was written in 1923. The poet will publish his first book of poems. Looking back on his ideal exploration and poetic achievements in recent years, he wrote this famous poem "Red Candle" as the preface to the collection of poems of the same name.
The beginning of the poem highlights the image of a red candle, red, like a naked heart. Wen Yiduo wants to ask poets, can your hearts be so sincere and enthusiastic? Compared with this red candle, can you have the courage to spit out your sincerity? A vivid word "spit" shows the poet's persistence and sincerity in a glance.
The poet then asked Red Candle where its body came from and where its soul came from. Why do such bodies and such souls burn and destroy their bodies in the fire? Poets are confused, just like in life, they can't find the direction and think through many problems. Contradiction! Conflict! The poet strengthened his belief in the conflict that once existed. Because, the poet firmly said: "There is nothing wrong! There is nothing wrong. " The poet has found the direction of life and is ready to go to the ideal bright road, even if it is burned to ashes.
Since the fourth season, poetry has been praising the red candle, writing the responsibility of the red candle and the hardships and disappointments of life. The red candle will burn, it will break the fantasy of the world, burn the cruel prison, and save the living but not free soul with its own burning. The burning of the red candle is blocked by the wind and will burn with tears. Those tears, red candle's heart is anxious, because it can't realize the ideal as quickly as possible, and tears. Poets should praise the red candle, dedication and hard-won light. In this eulogy, the poet and the red candle are communicating. The poet found the direction of life in the red candle: hard work, exploration, firm efforts for his own ideals, regardless of the results. The poet said, "Mo Wen harvests, but requires cultivation."
This poem is full of romanticism and aestheticism. Poetry emphasizes fantasy and subjective emotion in expression, and uses a large number of lyric exclamations to strongly express the feelings in the heart with beautiful language. In the form of poetry, the poet pays great attention to the formal beauty and rhythm of poetry, so as to be consistent with the emotions to be expressed in the poem. For example, the use of repeated sentences, to some extent, adopts the rhyming form of China's traditional poetry, and each verse is relatively neat. The characteristics of China's new poems advocated by this poet are rhythm and musicality. It can be said that Wen Yiduo combined ancient and modern, cultural, Chinese and foreign poetic forms, opened up the poetic style of China generation with strong emotional expression and pursuit spirit, and inspired generations of China poets to cultivate and explore.
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someone
-Thoughts on Commemorating Lu Xun
Some people are still alive.
He died;
Some people died.
He's alive.
someone
Riding on the people's heads: "Oh, how great I am!"
someone
Bend down and be a cow and a horse for the people.
someone
Carve your name on a stone to be "immortal";
someone
I'd rather be a weed and wait for the underground fire.
someone
He lives and no one else can live;
someone
He lives to make life better for most people.
Riding on people's heads,
People broke him down;
Those who work for the people,
People will always remember him!
Carve your name on the stone,
The name decays earlier than the corpse;
Wherever the spring breeze blows,
There are green weeds everywhere.
He's alive, and no one else can,
His fate can be seen;
He lives for most people, those who live better,
The crowd held him high and high.
This song was written on 1949 1 1 month 1 day to commemorate the thirteenth anniversary of Lu Xun's death. Where does the feeling come from? At that time, New China had just been established for one month. On the one hand, the people "riding on the people's heads" have been overthrown by the people; On the other hand, all kinds of people who entered new China from old China were inevitably branded with the class and ideology of the old society. There are many Lu Xun-style "some people", but there are also many negative "some people". The poet faced the reality and recalled the social conditions of Lu Xun before and after his death, and wrote this poem emotionally. This poem not only reflects the truth of life, but also shows the poet's ideological tendency. Therefore, it is a lyric poem with the unity of authenticity and tendency.
The first section of the poem points out that there are two diametrically opposed people in today's world: one is "life is like death" and the other is "living even after death". People who are "still alive despite death" naturally refer to Lu Xun who was commemorated at that time and are a tribute to Lu Xun who is "immortal"; But as a typical image, it does not refer to Lu Xun alone, but also implies many people with the same quality as Lu Xun. As for "life is worse than death" as a negative person, it certainly refers to the bad guys. This four-line poem, in two sentences, is the general hat of the whole poem and dominates the whole article. Although it is easy to understand, it has a large capacity, strong generality and thought-provoking.
The next three paragraphs (the second, third and fourth paragraphs of the poem) compare people who are worse than death with those who die without regret from three aspects: image, thought and feeling. From the image point of view, people who "ride on the people's heads" are arrogant and call themselves "great", but they are actually insignificant; And people who "serve the people like cattle and horses" are great, although they bend down and are inconspicuous. These four lines originated from Lu Xun's self-deprecating poem "Look at a thousand fingers coldly, bow your head and be a willing ox". The poet developed Lu Xun's thoughts and poems, and the opposition of images became more prominent and distinct. Ideologically speaking, people who are "life is worse than death" always want to be "immortal" and "carve their names on stones" and set up a monument for themselves. And those who "live after death" are willing to be nameless weeds. They hate the "ground" where weeds are used as decorations. They always wait for the underground volcano to erupt and burn all the weeds and trees on the "ground" until they are "not rotten" and everyone dies together. This paragraph is based on Lu Xun's "Wild Grass Inscription". "I love wild grass, but I hate the ground decorated with wild grass. The fire ran underground and rushed; Once lava is ejected, it will burn all weeds, even trees, so it is not rotting. Lu Xun was in a period of "hesitation" when he wrote Weeds and the inscription of Weeds. He once frankly admitted that he didn't find the road to revolution at that time, but he hated the reactionaries for not riding on the people's heads, thus showing the spirit of complete sacrifice. Finally, from the perspective of sentiment, those who are "life is worse than death" and "others can't live if he lives" are very mean and ugly. And those who "live even if they die" and "he lives to live better for most people" are noble and beautiful.
The second, third and fourth verses of this poem were conceived immediately after the first verse. Poets don't praise Lu Xun for the sake of praising him, but they also praise people with the same qualities as Lu Xun and condemn those who claim to be "greater" than the people and want to build a monument for themselves and not let others live. This contrast can show the breadth and depth of poetic thought better than simply eulogizing Lu Xun.
In the last three sections (the fifth, sixth and seventh sections), the poet grasped the relationship between the two people mentioned in the first section and pointed out their different fates, different influences and different endings, that is, their different futures. These three sections are the logical development of the second, third and fourth sections. The fifth section still focuses on the opposite image. Those who "ride on the people's heads" and claim to be "great" will eventually be overthrown by the people and fall from a height, which will not only be insignificant, but also disappear from the earth; As for those who "work for the people", they are always remembered by the people with the glorious image of "bowing their heads and being a willing ox". The sixth section is to write two different subjective ideas and get two different objective effects: those who want to erect a monument for themselves, their names rot earlier than the bodies; Those who "prefer to be weeds" are "wildfires won't devour them, they will grow taller again in the spring breeze". Weeds are old, and they are always remembered by the people every year. Lu Xun is like this, and so are people with the same quality as Lu Xun. The last section is about different feelings and different retribution. Good is rewarded with good, and evil with evil. It's not like you don't report it. Not yet. Those who "can't live if he lives" will never come to a good end. As long as the time comes, everyone can see their fate. As for those who "live a better life for most people", the people will hold him high. Lu Xun is the representative of this kind of people.
The theme of poetry has always been regarded as a praise or praise for Lu Xun's lofty qualities, which is of course good. However, through careful analysis and in-depth understanding, it is not enough to praise Lu Xun. Many analysts say that the theme of the poem is only to praise Lu Xun, which may be due to the neglect of the subtitle "Feeling of Remembering Lu Xun", the ending of the poem "1949165438+1October 65438 in Beijing" and the ending of the poem "Some people". The author wrote this poem not as an impromptu work of Lu Xun on 10/9 that year, but after attending the commemoration of the thirteenth anniversary of Lu Xun's death. If it is specially written for Lu Xun, the above theme is of course beyond reproach. However, the author clearly said that it was "in memory of Lu Xun", and each section did not point out Lu Xun, but began with "some people", which was naturally not just an eulogy for Lu Xun. Therefore, this poem is actually to commemorate Lu Xun, praise the truth, goodness and beauty, and lash the false, evil and ugly. Only by understanding the theme in this way can we summarize the content of the whole poem and tap its breadth and depth. This is the concrete embodiment of the poet's aesthetic ideal in poetry creation. Whether the poet himself realizes it or not. The negative image he created reveals this. It also shows that the poet always only hinted at Lu Xun in the comparison between the two people, but did not point out Lu Xun. If we just say that this poem praises Lu Xun, it will greatly reduce the capacity of this poem-its breadth and depth.
The artistic conception of this poem seems ordinary, but it is also strange. Since the poet works with emotion, he starts from aesthetic feeling. However, what is true, what is good, what is beautiful, what is false and what is ugly. Poets do not label or shout slogans, but only write their true feelings in popular, friendly and vivid language from their deep feelings about the world. Generally speaking, the analysis of this poem says that the poet used the artistic skills of contrast or contrast, which is of course correct. Indeed, every section of this poem uses contrast, which is more true, beautiful, good, false, ugly and bad. But the poet's contrast is not limited to a poem, but runs through the whole, and the poet arranges the contrast by "putting facts". The so-called "spread" is the traditional saying "blessing". The author of Some People uses contrast only to "spread good and evil". The poet arranged three contrasts: the first contrast, the general's hat in the first verse, is the contrast of two completely different people, which dominates the whole poem. The second contrast is mainly the struggle process between image and image. The third kind of contrast is mainly the contrast of the ending and different results of the two images under the encouragement of the historical situation and the trend of the times. It is these three contrasts that make the poet elaborate and become a neat and complicated lyric poem.
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jade
You have to let the cart fill it up,
It didn't say a word,
The pressure on the back is stuck in the meat.
It hangs its head heavily!
I don't know my life at the moment,
Its tears can only be swallowed in the heart,
A whip shadow floated before my eyes,
It looked up at the front.
Lao Ma, written in 1932, is one of Cang Kejia's famous poems "Brand". The author once said: "After the failure of the 1927 Great Revolution, I completely denied Chiang Kai-shek's regime, but I was very uncertain about the future of the revolution. Life is bitter and I feel depressed and sad. " The author saw an old horse with tragic fate with his own eyes, and there was a kind of pressure in his heart not to write it. By appreciating this poem, we can more concretely feel the achievements and characteristics of Cang Kejia's new poetry creation in 1930s.
Theme of the poem: The poet did not describe the old horse in detail, but focused on its fate, feelings and state of mind, which enhanced the appeal of the old horse's tragedy. The old horse can be understood here as a symbol of the suffering peasants in old China. The more poets describe Ma Lao's humiliation, kindness and loyalty, the more they can arouse readers' sympathy for the oppressed peasants and arouse their anger and curse against the old system and the exploiting classes.
Hierarchical: the whole poem is divided into two sections, each with four sentences.
Phonology: every other sentence rhymes, that is, enough, buckle, Europe, fate, shadow and Ian.
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