1 United States: SWAT, full name of Special Weapons Tactical Team (Special Weapons Tactical Team), is a special force established by the United States for counter-terrorism. It turns out that the United States has been in an awkward position when it comes to terrorists without SWAT. Police firepower can't cope with terrorists who rob and kill people with rifles, and the tactics and weapons of the army are often aimed at killing people. It is said that a gangster once hid in a private house after a fierce battle with the police. The troops were mobilized at that time. The soldiers didn't know what was going on inside and fired thousands of shots at the room in succession. When they rushed in, they found the suspect covered in bullet holes and dead, but he just had an argument with others and threatened people with a gun. His death was very unfair. So the American police decided to develop SWAT.
2.GSG-9: The Ninth Brigade of German Border Police (GSG-9 for short) is a special anti-terrorism and anti-hijacking force established by Colonel ulrich Wei Gena in September, 1972. Their slogan is "Everything starts from scratch".
At present, there are less than 200 members of the ninth brigade of the border police, with an average age of 26. Headquartered in St. Augustine. The brigade has four special warfare squadrons, 1 communication reconnaissance brigade, 1 technical squadron and 1 helicopter squadron. The basic combat unit of the brigade is the battle group, with 5 people in each group. They believe that such a five-person combat team can give full play to subjective initiative. Players usually wear dark green berets, and wear black titanium helmets (with walkie-talkies) and bulletproof vests in wartime. In order to prevent players from being caught by opponents in melee combat, combat suits are designed to be tight and tidy. In order to avoid the commander being too prominent in the battle, causing casualties. Officers and men of the Ninth Brigade are not allowed to wear rank marks.
The members of the ninth brigade are constantly updated, with about 30 people every year. They are cautious and disciplined, and never shoot rashly. Without exception, the members of the Ninth Brigade are volunteers who have served in the National Defence Force or the police force for more than one year. To sign up for the ninth brigade, you need to pass physical examination, psychological characteristic test, sports assessment and individual conversation. After training in the suburbs of Bonn 13 weeks, I was strictly screened. After the training, we will decide whether to stay. The elimination rate is usually around 60%. Then there will be nine weeks of professional training. Basic training mainly includes: unarmed combat, shooting, blasting, weapons, knowledge, legal knowledge, psychology, police functions and so on. Unarmed combat lasts six hours every Saturday. This kind of training needs a single coach to pass, so as to cultivate the belief that the players will win in close combat. Judging from the published photos, karate is one of the important events in fighting training. In weapons class, we should not only learn our own weapons, but also master the weapons commonly used by terrorists, such as Russian AK-47 submachine guns. In order to keep fit, the team members also carry out mountaineering and swimming training to keep their bodies in the best condition and maintain high fighting morale. In the course of psychology, we should understand and study the special behavior of terrorists when they take hostages, and find out the corresponding countermeasures by studying "the enemy changes and I change"
The daily training is usually from 7 am to 12 am, including: terrorist detection, climbing and overcoming obstacles, street fighting training, tracking and positioning, shooting and driving. Shooting is the main course, accounting for about one-third of the training courses. The team requires that in any case, the limit of one second should be reached from shooting to shooting, otherwise it will fail. Shooting at ground targets from helicopters, the hit rate is less than 85%. In order to cultivate the shooter's reaction, supplemented by the practice of shooting UFOs with shotguns. When the car is driving at high speed, it is required that the turning distance of the brake should not exceed several meters when the speed is 180 km/h. In the pilot training, the helicopter is required to descend along the rope and immediately put into battle. The Ninth Brigade often conducts anti-hijacking exercises at Frankfurt International Airport. Train to sneak up on the plane and make an "extraordinary door" to rush into the plane that will be hijacked. They have practiced this technology many times on various types of aircraft.
The ninth brigade believes that the decisive factor in dealing with modern terrorism is the advanced weapons and technology of special forces. They are very concerned about all new technologies and products in the world weapons market, and constantly introduce and update equipment. For example, after 1984, the original P9 9mm pistol was replaced by the P7 automatic pistol with better performance, and the 19 base-wheel pistol produced by American Smith Wei Sen Company, which was not easy to jam, was distributed for self-defense; The submachine guns are MP5 series submachine guns with a magazine capacity of thirteen rounds and MP5P-SD silencing submachine guns, equipped with telescopic sight and aiming searchlight, which are suitable for night and low light conditions. It is also equipped with new machine guns, automatic shotguns, sniper rifles, rocket launchers and Grenade launchers, as well as remote-controlled robots called "small tanks", which can climb steps, open doors and take things. Also belonging to this equipment are infrared telescopes, gas masks, climbing ropes, lighting lamps, communicators and first aid kits. Personal equipment weighs 70 kilograms. The cars in the team mainly include a specially modified "Mercedes-Benz" heavy-duty high-speed car with a top speed of 200 kilometers per hour. The car is equipped with a car radio with a wavelength of two to four meters. In addition, the team also has Volkswagen vans, ambulances and special armored vehicles. The helicopter squadron has seven helicopters, Bell 2 12, As-330 Jaguar, and BO 106, which are used by the detachment for maneuver and combat.
3. Geographical location of Spain: basic information
organization structure
At present, GEO in Spain has about 120 people, and its headquarters and main training center are located in Guadalajara, about 50 kilometers east of Madrid. The basic organizational structure includes three action teams (30 people in each group), 1 training team (10 people), 1 technical and testing team (10 people) and 1 support team. When performing a task, you can also form a five-person tactical team to cooperate with each other.
primary mission
GEO, as the main anti-terrorism organization in Spain, is responsible for dealing with extreme terrorism and criminal acts (such as various forms of hijacking and kidnapping); Support the police force and the Royal Guard in dealing with terrorists and criminal organizations (30 high-risk arrests); Assist other law enforcement departments to ensure the safety of national or major international activities (such as 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games); Protect the safety of important people at home and abroad (such as protecting the king and the Pope); Protecting the activities of Spanish diplomats abroad; Dealing with hostage incidents, riots and prison harassment.
Selection and training
All participants in GEO must be strictly interviewed by international police, pass medical, physical and psychological tests, evaluate the physical and intellectual qualities of the selected subjects, and extensively investigate the candidates' campaign motives. Seven months of high-intensity basic training includes physical fitness, tactical movements, shooting, anti-terrorism sniper, blasting, diving, high-speed driving, helicopter descent, climbing, forced infiltration, melee and so on. And simulate the hostage rescue operation on planes, ships, buildings, cars and trains. After the above-mentioned training I, the newly selected players were recruited into an action group to continue special training to maintain a high level of combat skills. Training places are almost all over Spain, and the training process is supported by the Spanish international police. GEO also exchanges and learns skills with elite force in other countries.
Special weapons and equipment
GEO is equipped with the best weapons and equipment, such as submachine guns, assault rifles, automatic pistols, sniper rifles and combat shotguns. These guns are equipped with advanced aiming and lighting devices, which are convenient for day and night use.
Submachine gun submachine gun submachine gun is easy to conceal and carry, easy to use in a narrow space, easy to control in rapid fire and high in precision in a short distance, so it is suitable for hand-to-hand combat and attacks such as jungle warfare, mountain warfare and urban street fighting, and is the main assault weapon of GEO. Heckler-Koch's MP5 submachine gun has good rapid-fire stability and can be equipped with optical and laser sights, silencers and other accessories, so it is very popular.
Assault rifle. Used for long-range shooting or when powerful firepower is needed. GEO is mainly equipped with 5.56mm Hechler-Koch assault rifle (mainly used for anti-sniper operations) and 5.56mm SLG-Sauer551SWAT assault rifle (mainly used for warship assault operations).
Pistol. Every player is equipped with a pistol. When you need to shoot with one hand (such as breaking into houses, climbing, crawling forward, etc.). ), the pistol is the main weapon. GEO mainly uses 9mm SIG—Sauer P226 pistol, which combines the best technology of Switzerland and Germany and is one of the most advanced pistols.
P226 can be fired with single shot or double shot, equipped with a magazine with a capacity of 15 rounds, and can also be equipped with special tactical illuminators and laser indicators.
Sniper rifle. Long-range shooting ability is crucial to the successful rescue of hostages, so GEO is equipped with the best sniper rifle. There are .308 caliber Hechler-Koch PSG- 1 semi-automatic sniper rifle, Mao Se 66SP sniper rifle (equipped with day and night sight), Siger-Sauer SSG2000 sniper rifle, Sacco A-II sniper rifle (equipped with day and night sight) and Sacco TRG-2 1 sniper rifle (equipped with day and night sight).
Tactical shotgun. GEO, as a close-range assault weapon, mainly uses shotguns such as Fran SPAS350, Fran 230, Fran 12, Hechler Koch 5 12 and Remington M870.
Special equipment. GEO is also equipped with special equipment, such as ballistic helmet, bulletproof clothing, battle vest, protective coat, gas mask, advanced communication system, stun grenades, diving equipment, explosion and destruction devices, night vision goggles and monitoring instruments.
There are also many police forces, such as the Italian dignitaries protection team, the Austrian Cobra special forces, the American Federal Bureau of Investigation hostage rescue team, and the China Public Security Bureau special police team, all of which belong to the police special forces, so I won't go into details here.