Stone carving refers to carving various figures, animals, ships, etc. Shangshi usually refers to a sculpture handicraft carved from stone. Modern artists carve stones.

. According to the materials, there are peach stone carving, olive stone carving, apricot stone carving, bayberry stone carving and walnut stone carving, among which peach stone carving is the main one. The origin of evolutionary stone carving remains to be verified. According to historical records and cultural relics research, stone carving reached a high artistic level in the Ming Dynasty. During the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, Xia Baiyan carved 16 children on olivine, each with only half a grain of rice and clear eyes. The most famous stone carver in Ming Dynasty was Wang Yi (real name Shuyuan, real name Chu Pingshan) from Yushan (now Changshu) in Jiangsu during the Apocalypse. The boat of red cliff, which he created in the second year of the apocalypse (1622), is a treasure in the history of stone carving. The length of the ship is about 3 cm, and the height is 0.5 cm. There is a cabin in the middle, covered with a canopy, and there are four small windows on the side, which can be opened and closed. On the carved column beside the window, the words "the mountain is high and the moon is small, the water comes out" are engraved on the right, and "the breeze is Xu Lai, and the water waves are quiet" are engraved on the left. At the bow of the boat, Su Dongpo and his friends Huang Luzhi and Fo Yin were three monks, among whom Su Dongpo and Huang Luzhi read a book, while the monks in Fo Yin were like Maitreya, with bare breasts, missing beads on their left arm and chanting beads for a long time. There is a boat at the stern, and there is a carved boatman on the left and right of the boat. Inscription on the back of the ship: "Wang Yishu, Yushan, Autumn of Apocalypse". The handwriting is as thin as a mosquito's foot, engraved with the seal of "Chuping Mountain People". This nuclear ship became a model for later famous stone carving masters to follow. Qiu Shan, a sculptor in Yixing, is good at carving walnut stones. His themes are mostly Su Dongpo's travels to Chibi, fishing songs, flower baskets and landscapes. In the Qing dynasty, the artistic level of stone carving was further improved, with Jiangsu as the traditional producing area. Suzhou Jinlao (unknown name) in Kangxi period, Feng Xilu in Jiading period, Suzhou and Shen in Qianlong period were all famous stone carving masters. Feng Xilu's olive stone carving "Dream on the Grass Bridge", in which houses and figures are properly arranged in composition, fully shows the night view of the countryside with the help of sparse willows and hidden crows and Chai Men lying dogs. Shen Olive stone carving "Humpback Old Man", wearing a brown hat, growing a beard, having patches on his shoulders and holding a fan engraved with poems; He carved "macaque" with bayberry core, which was beautiful in appearance. According to "Wretched Jade", some artists carved peach stones into 108 rosary beads, each with 3-6 arhats, with different postures and no similarities. In addition, during the Jiaqing and Daoguang years, Fang Jianshao, a famous stone carving master in Xiapu, Fujian Province, created "Dongpo Tour the Red Cliff", in which "the awning window is propped up and the river and willow are shaded", and the figures and paddles in the boat are described in detail. In modern times, stone carvings are mainly produced in Shandong, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Shanghai and other places. Famous Taohe sculptors in Weifang, Shandong Province include Ding Nianting, Gao Jiajun, Du Weinan, Zhang Dayan and Chen. Among them, Ding Nianting and Gao Jiajun's works won the silver prize of 19 15 San Francisco Panama Expo. Olive stone carvings are mainly in Guangzhou and Suzhou. Guangzhou famous craftsman returned and his disciple Jiang was good at figure painting and flower boat. At the beginning of the 20th century, famous stone carving masters in Shanghai included Mai Chunhua, Yin Genfu and others. Mai Chunhua is good at carving pavilions, ponds, figures, utensils, flowers and birds, etc. Yin Genfu's olive stone carvings include eighteen arhats, eight immortals, Guanyin, Amitabha, Mulan, Mu and other figures, which were later passed on to his sons Yin and Yin Xueyun. Yin Xueyun and his disciple Dong Lansheng, on the basis of inheriting the traditional carving, created the walnut carving Hanshan Temple and the olive carving Jian Zhen Dudong Boat, in which Jian Zhen Dudong Boat carved 35 famous monks in the Tang Dynasty, including Jian Zhen, his disciples and boatmen, and carved them with jade and mahogany, forming a high-wave base, which is more exquisite. The main tools of craft and characteristic stone carving are filing, chiseling and drilling. Files include wool files, smooth files and circular files. There are two kinds of chisels: square chisel and round chisel. The technological process of stone carving is as follows: (1) Preliminary processing of stone with rough file and smooth file. (2) Design ideas and draw samples on stones. (3) Rough machining with a circular file according to the drawing to make a rough shape. ④ Carve details with a chisel, eyebrows and eyes with a small square chisel, and mouth with a small round chisel. (5) polishing and waxing. Finally, make a hole, string beads, or match a base as an appreciation. The artistic feature of stone carving is exquisite carving. A single monitor is equipped with a base and covered with a glass cover for appreciation; Some use tassels as accessories or fan pendants; Some connect several stone carvings into prayer beads.

Expansion: The New Story of Nuclear Submarine

The famous book "The Story of the Nuclear Ship" in Ming Dynasty vividly describes the profoundness of ancient folk art in China, which is touching to read. Wang Shuyuan's nuclear ship has attracted generations of folk artists to copy and recreate their dreams. The skills of nuclear ship have been carried forward in modern times, and the new story of nuclear ship is not only innovative in technology, but also closer to the times in content. Appreciating the new nuclear ship story is very helpful to deeply understand the famous nuclear ship story. At the same time, readers can fully understand the nuclear ship story by appreciating the objects, pictures and videos. In the past, people knew that the stories of nuclear ships mostly represented ancient figures. The nuclear ship "South Lake Red Boat" introduces portraits into the creation of nuclear ships, and vividly depicts the nuclear ship "South Lake Red Boat" by Yang Hongwu.

The great representative of "Sunrise in the East, Creating the World" shows great pioneering work and is unique, which not only serves the present, but also brings forth the new, giving new meaning to the ancient art of nuclear ships. The year 2006 is the 85th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the 30th anniversary of his death, the 60th anniversary of Dong's birth, the 60th anniversary of He Shuheng's birth, the 60th anniversary of Chen Tanqiu's birth and the 40th anniversary of Li Da's death. Therefore, 2006 marks the first anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC). In order to better commemorate this special occasion, Yang Hongwu, a master of arts and crafts at the provincial level in Qinhuangdao City, Hebei Province, spent more than five months carefully carving a nuclear ship work named "Nanhu Red Boat". The nuclear ship takes the excellent olive core as the raw material, and takes Jiaxing Nanhu original boat as the prototype, carefully depicting the historical moment when a large number of representatives attending the party founded the China * * * Production Party on the original boat. Jiaxing Nanhu Painting Boat is16m long and 3m wide, and is divided into three cabins: front cabin, middle cabin and rear cabin, the first of which is held in the middle cabin of the painting boat. Although the nuclear boat is only 3.9 cm long, 1.4 cm wide and 1.3 cm high, it has carved the front, middle and rear cabins according to the direction of the original boat, and the spacious cabins, corrugated lines on the roof, windows and masts of the cabins are all displayed one by one. In order to enhance the artistic effect, the party flag was carved on the top of the front cabin and the dove of peace was carved on the top of the rear cabin. There are five small windows and *** 10 small windows carved on both sides of the engine room, and each small window can be opened. The ceiling, bulkhead and small window of the small nuclear ship are all carved with exquisite patterns, which makes the nuclear ship gorgeous. There are four people sitting on the bow, and Mao Zedong is sitting on the right side of the bow. His eyes are wise, kind and firm, and the wind blows his hair. The pattern of the gown he was wearing was clearly discernible, and the paper in his hand was turned over, counting the pages; He Shuheng sideways near Mao Zedong to discuss; Dong is still sitting on the left side of the bow, thinking about the problem with a book in his hand; Li Da is reading a book and is used to pushing his eyes with his hands, as if he were there. Open the small windows on both sides of the front cabin. Chen Tanqiu and Wang Jinmei are sitting by the window. Sitting in the small windows on both sides of the middle cabin are,, Li and Bao Huisheng. On the right side of the stern is a boatman, who is pushing Yang Hongwu's nuclear ship "Nanhu Red Ship".

Swing; On the left is Li Da's wife Wang, who is presiding over the meeting and boiling water to make tea. Do a good job in the security of the meeting while observing the surroundings. Wang left hand holding a pot, right hand holding a cup, natural expression. The flower texture on the flowerpot seems to be looming. Every character in the nuclear ship was carved according to the portrait of the person who attended the first party congress at that time. Although the characters are less than 2 mm, they are lifelike and lifelike. The bottom of the nuclear boat is engraved with a 98-word big party program with an inscription of 7 words, *** 105. The characters are written in vertical intaglio, filled with black, and the strokes are as thin as millisilk, and the small characters are like ripples when the ship sails. In addition, in order to truly reproduce the comprehensiveness of the original painting of South Lake, a small boat was towed behind the nuclear ship "Red Boat". The length is 2.3 cm, the height is 1. 1 cm and the width is 1.0 cm. The top of the ship is divided into two layers, with exquisite ornaments carved on the periphery of the top and exquisite top walls carved on both sides. The slogan shouted by the delegates at the closing ceremony was engraved on the bottom of the boat: "Long live the * * * Production Party! Long live the Third International! * * * Capitalism-Long live the liberator of mankind! " ***23 words. The ship and the boat are connected by a link, which is also carved from nuclear material. The whole "South Lake Red Boat" is engraved with 2 nuclear ships, 12 people, 10 small windows, 4 cabins, 2 pots, 2 cups and saucers, 5 book files, 1 paddle, stove and small table, with 65,438 links and 65,438 words.