If you have the heart to read newspapers or books before the 1960s, you will find that the word "environmental protection" can hardly be found. In other words, environmental protection was not a concept that existed in social consciousness and scientific discussion at that time. Indeed, recall the slogans that have been popular all over the world for a long time-"declaring war on nature" and "conquering nature". Here, nature is only the object of human conquest and control. This kind of human consciousness, instead of protecting it and living in harmony with it, probably originated from the primitive wild years and lasted until the 20th century. No one doubts its correctness, because many advances in human civilization have been made on the basis of this awareness, and many current economic and social development plans of mankind have also been formulated on the basis of this awareness. Rachel carson questioned the absolute correctness of this human consciousness for the first time. Does this thin female scholar with cancer know? Two years after the publication of Silent Spring, she died of exhaustion. As a scholar and writer, Carson has been vilified and attacked as never before, but her persistent thoughts have finally lit a beacon for the enlightenment of human environmental consciousness. The cover of the book Silent Spring in traditional Chinese is a book that has triggered the environmental protection cause all over the world. The author is rachel carson, an American marine biologist. This book was published in 1962, which also aroused the public's concern about environmental issues, prompted environmental protection issues to be brought before governments of various countries, and various environmental protection organizations were established one after another, thus prompting the United Nations to hold the "Conference on the Human Environment" in Stockholm in June 1972, and all countries signed the Declaration on the Human Environment and started the cause of environmental protection. Chinese
A letter, a book, a sports article Author: Yu Source: Bookstore, No.9, 2007 Compared with a war, a stormy political movement or even a riot, books are generally difficult to produce such a huge effect. But sometimes, a book can really set off a movement and cause social reform, even major reforms. In American history, Thomas Paine, a British-born American political critic, published a 50-page pamphlet Common Sense in June 5438 +0776+10, and sold 500,000 copies in a few months, which greatly stimulated people's mood in the early days of the War of Independence and paved the way for the adoption of the Declaration of Independence six months later. Harriet Elizabeth Beecher, an American woman writer, is usually called Mrs. Stowe's novel. Or Life of the Lower Class was first published in the National Times, an anti-slavery newspaper in the District of Columbia 185 1. After its publication in the second year, the sales volume reached an unprecedented record of 3,000 copies on the first day, and 300,000 copies were sold in the first year. By 1860, it has been translated into at least 23 languages and is recognized as an "American". 1862 at the climax of the "civil war", abraham lincoln, the sixteenth president of the United States, once said to her, "Then you are the little woman who wrote that book and triggered this war!" ("So you are the little woman who wrote the book that started this war!") Don't think that such a legendary story is too far away from today. The fact is that less than half a century ago, a book by a writer, an American writer and a woman writer played a similar role. Spring is the season when flowers bloom and birds sing. Spring should not be silent, especially the fields in spring. But not everyone will notice that from a certain time, suddenly, in spring, the whispers of swallows and the chirping of orioles are no longer heard, and the fields become silent. Rachel Carson of the United States (1907- 1964) is different. She has this special sensitivity. Born in Springdale, Pennsylvania, rachel carson was interested in nature and wildlife since he was a child. She spends most of her time alone in trees and streams, observing birds, insects and flowers. She always wanted to be a writer in the future and published a short story at the age of eleven. She claimed that her mother introduced her to nature. This made her passionate about them. Carson initially entered the local Pennsylvania Women's College as a writer, but soon changed his mind and changed his main study content-English to biology. Then, he got a master's degree in literature from Johns Hopkins University at 1932, and while teaching, he was a graduate student at the Marine Biology Laboratory in Woods Hole, Massachusetts, and finally at 1938. After the "Fisheries Bureau" was renamed as "US Fish and Wildlife Service" from 1940, she still stayed here until 1952. Describing and expressing the strength, vitality, initiative and adaptability of nature is Carson's greatest pleasure. From the 1940s, she began to write based on her observation of life under the sea, which was unknown to most people at that time. And achieved considerable results. According to 1937, an essay published in Atlantic Monthly was adapted and published in 194 1 under the influence of sea breeze, which was widely praised for its consistent scientific accuracy and profundity combined with beautiful lyric prose style. On the The New York Times bestseller list 1943, at 1944, she published Food from the Sea: Fish and Aquatic Shellfish in New England and Food from the Sea: Fish and Aquatic Shellfish in the South Atlantic. 195 1 The Ocean Around Us brought her great honor: she not only made the bestseller list in The New York Times for several decades, but also won the National Book Award. It has been translated into thirty languages. Carson left the US Fish and Wildlife Service on 1952 in order to concentrate and devote all her time to her favorite writing. Of course, she is also well paid. After her death, she not only wrote Cape and Wonderful Feeling published by 1965. More importantly, her Silent Spring marked the beginning of what was later called the "ecological movement". /kloc-in October, Carson received a letter from her friend Olga Owens Huggins, a former writer of the Boston Post in Massachusetts. Olga wrote in the letter,1summer of 957. She flew over two acres of private bird sanctuary in Duxbury with her husband. The next day, many of her birds died. She said she was very shocked. Therefore, Ms. Huggins wrote a long letter to the Boston Herald and a copy of this letter to Carson, asking the famous writer friend to find someone who can help her in Washington, DC. Don't let this spray again. DDT is a synthetic organic pesticide. As a contact killer of many insects, it has high toxic effect and is especially suitable for killing mosquitoes that spread malaria. During the Second World War, there were as many as one million malaria patients in the US military alone, and the demand for specific medicine cinchona was in short supply, which greatly affected the progress of the war. Later, mosquitoes were eliminated by DDT. Only in this way can the epidemic of malaria be gradually and effectively controlled. Swiss chemist Paul Herman Miller, the discoverer of DDT and its toxicity, won the 1948 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. However, using DDT as an insecticide is like making a deal with the devil: it kills mosquitoes and other pests, and may increase the income of crops, but it also kills beneficial insects. What is even more frightening is that after being sprayed with DDT, similarly, DDT will accumulate in insects, and after these insects become food for other animals, those animals, especially fish and birds, will be poisoned and endangered. Therefore, spraying DDT only gained short-term benefits, but sacrificed long-term benefits. When working in the department of fish and wildlife, Carson knew about the long-term harm of DDT to the environment. Two of her colleagues wrote articles about the harm of DDT in the mid-1940s. She herself sent an article about the harm of DDT to Reader's Digest at 1945. In the article, she asked if she could tell the story in a journal, but she was rejected. Huggins mentioned that the large-scale spraying of pesticides greatly shocked her mind. It was just Olga's request. She felt that she couldn't do it, so she decided to do it herself, which is what she said later. Huggins' letter "forced me to turn my attention to this problem that I have been paying attention to for many years" and decided to write it and let many people know. At first, Carson only planned to write a pamphlet in one year. Later, with the increase of reading materials, she felt that the problem was much more complicated than she had imagined, and it was not a booklet that could explain it clearly and convincingly. In this way, from 1957, she "realized that she had to write a book", collected all the information as much as possible, read thousands of research reports and articles, and by 1962, she finished the title of Horton's Silent Spring. 1980, Jamie Carter, the thirty-ninth president of the United States, awarded her the Presidential Freedom Award, which was received by her nephew Roger Christie. The inscription on the medal is: "... she has created a trend that has never retreated from environmental awareness." 198 1 year, the U.S postal service issued a set of "Carson commemorative stamps" in springer, Pennsylvania, where she was born. Abraham Ribicoff put it well: 1963 When Carson testified in Congress, the Senate accurately responded to what he said a century ago: "Miss Carson, you are the little woman who caused all this."