By Zeng Zeng Le
Editor Yang Yaru
The black swan passed by, and the "unmanned vehicle" came in handy.
In Jilin Street, Qingshan District, Wuhan City, the unmanned delivery vehicle independently developed by Jingdong Logistics avoids vehicles and pedestrians at a speed of 15km/h, and travels between the delivery point and the hospital every day to deliver medical supplies to Wuhan No.9 Hospital. In addition to JD.COM, Baidu, Gaoxinxing, Shi Yu Science and Technology, Zhixingzhe and many other enterprises also participated in this power-assisted competition. Under the epidemic situation, the value of unmanned vehicles has been continuously explored.
JD.COM unmanned delivery vehicle/Weibo, JD.COM?
Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other 1 1 national ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Innovative Development Strategy for Smart Cars", which also added imagination to the innovative development of smart cars.
However, under the good news, it still can't cover up the development dilemma of driverless driving. Unmanned vehicles that shuttle through the hospital are only suitable for limited scenes, which is far from the open road automatic driving that people expect.
If there is still a long way to go before fully automatic driving, then the coordinated appearance of vehicles and roads provides more possibilities for realizing automatic driving.
On the one hand, due to the high cost of bicycle intelligence, automatic driving is difficult to break through. So people began to think that if some technologies are replaced by intelligent roads, many vehicle-mounted costs can be reduced; On the other hand, there have been fatal accidents caused by autonomous driving similar to Tesla and Uber due to the technical defects of the blind angle of the bicycle perception system and the perceived distance.
In fact, the discussion on vehicle-road coordination has already begun. As early as 1950s, General Motors built a conceptual expressway with a large number of communication equipment in New Jersey, USA, which was also regarded as the earliest vehicle-road coordination scheme by the industry.
Generally speaking, vehicle-road coordination mainly involves three ports: vehicle end, roadside end and cloud end. By coordinating the dynamic information of vehicles, roads, people and real-time traffic, information interconnection can be realized. The blessing of 5G and AI also gives the vehicle-road collaboration a broader technical imagination space.
Nowadays, not only the giants have rushed into the road of coordinated warfare, but also a number of startup companies are pouring into this market. And where is the story of domestic vehicle-road coordination at present?
0 1? Many parties have joined the game, but the outcome has not been decided yet.
As an alternative technology, the value of vehicle-road coordination is constantly being stimulated. Both ICT enterprises represented by Huawei, automobile suppliers represented by Desai Siwei and Sheng Jun Electronics, and vehicle-road collaborative solution providers represented by Xingyun Internet and Xidi Zhijia are actively participating in this track.
Among them, automobile companies often focus on building "smart cars"; Communication enterprises interpret it more as "intelligent road network"; Internet technology companies are more committed to creating "smart travel". However, due to the different positions and perspectives of different participants, the specific ways for each participant to participate in vehicle-road coordination are also different.
Watchmaker/Yiou Automobile Analyst? Zeng le
As an industry with complex scenes, long industrial chain and fresh industrial relations, vehicle-road coordination mainly includes sensor equipment, integrated equipment, system integration, vehicle-mounted equipment, roadside system, cloud management and other chains. This also determines that it is impossible to cooperate with the market and move towards monopoly, including software, hardware, platform and construction. This also contributed to the formation of multi-channel cut-in situation.
"Car-road collaboration is divided into three sections: car, road and cloud in terms of technical architecture. We all have products and solutions from related industries. From the perspective of the whole industrial chain, vehicle-road coordination involves OEM, chip module, terminal products and so on. Our foothold falls on end products and applications. " ? Shi Yong, co-founder and chief operating officer of Xingyun Internet, said. Xingyun Interconnection, which started with key technologies and core algorithms of vehicle-road coordination (V2X), is a technology company that provides V2X system solutions and products.
Chinese Express, on the other hand, took another road. "We don't build cars or roads. Instead, start from the car and get through the road city to become the central hub of the systematic industrial chain of smart cities, Zhijie transportation and smart cars. " Huaxia Express told Yiou Automobile.
On the giant side, Baidu hopes to provide technical framework support through an open platform; Ali is exploring roadside scenes; Tencent hopes to become an "ecological connector" and is building a road information platform.
In addition, car companies and communication companies are also trying to cross-border cooperation. At the beginning of this year, Volvo Cars and China Unicom said that they would jointly promote the V2X (Vehicle and External Information Exchange) vehicle-road collaboration technology based on 5G next-generation mobile network technology. Volvo also said in an interview with the media recently that the company is considering giving up fully autonomous driving and re-understanding autonomous driving technology.
Domestic streetscape/street
The planning and deployment of vehicle-road coordination in China is gradually emerging.
In addition to business participants, local governments are also taking active actions. As early as 2065438+June 2008, Changsha City, Hunan Province released the first intelligent bus line with open roads in China. Up to now, more than ten test demonstration areas have been built in China, and more than 300 road test licenses have been issued in more than 20 cities. At the plenary session of the 2020 China committee of 100 Forum on Electric Vehicles, Miao Wei, Minister of Industry and Information Technology, said, "Shanghai, Changsha and Beijing have installed multi-mode road test communication terminals and sensing equipment in batches on open roads, and are actively promoting manned cargo testing and demonstration applications."
At present, multi-party vehicle-road coordination is becoming a reality, but it is still difficult for China to achieve vehicle-road coordination quickly. Now, the cooperation between vehicles and roads is a struggle with no ultimate winner, and it is also a test of labor relations in Lian Heng.
02? Fierce battles are intertwined, and there are still pain points.
China is encountering multiple obstacles to realize vehicle-road coordination, and the next step is still difficult.
Technically speaking, the road traffic composed of "people-vehicles-roads" is a complex system, and it is impossible to bypass the complex road conditions in China in order to truly realize the coordination between vehicles and roads. Due to the high openness of domestic roads and the complexity and diversity of vehicles on the roads, uncivilized behaviors such as pedestrians crossing the road and vehicles changing lanes and overtaking occur from time to time.
In September last year, the Working Committee on Autopilot and the Working Committee on Autopilot Standardization of China Highway Society issued the Report on Classification Definition and Interpretation of Intelligent Network-Connected Road Systems (Draft for Comment). The report divides the transportation infrastructure system into six levels from the perspective of informationization, intelligence and automation, combined with application scenarios, mixed transportation and active safety systems. This also fully illustrates the complexity of road traffic in China.
Watchmaker/Yiou Automobile Analyst? Zeng le
"At present, vehicle-road coordination is still in the stage of collaborative perception, and it will take several years to enter the stage of collaborative decision-making and control, and finally realize vehicle-road integration." At the beginning of this year, at the plenary session of the 2020 China committee of 100 Forum on Electric Vehicles, Ran Bin, director of the Autopilot Working Committee of China Highway Society, said.
The high integration of software and hardware technology is another threshold before the coordination of vehicles and roads. The emergence of these key technologies, such as data interaction, high-precision positioning, vehicle terminal, intelligent driving test system, etc., requires the joint efforts of different participants, which involves the cross-integration of technologies. It's a headache enough for on-board sensors to be used in scenes with blind spots.
Apart from technology, China has not finalized a detailed general standard for vehicle-road coordination. "Vehicle-road coordination involves many industries, spanning the transportation, automobile and communication industries. The related standards of vehicle-road coordination have been gradually improved, and the national standards tend to be basically unified. However, vehicle-road coordination involves many industries, and there are many cross-departmental collaborative work. The unification of standards also requires coordination between various departments, such as how to test some applications. " Shi Yong said that the latest news about inter-departmental collaboration is that 1 1 the national ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Intelligent Vehicle Innovation and Development Strategy", and vehicle-road collaboration and intelligent network connection will usher in greater development.
In recent years, Nebula Internet is also involved in promoting the construction and application of domestic V2X standard system. At the end of 2065438+2008, Xingyun Internet took the lead in establishing the second stage of the application layer and application data interaction standard of vehicle communication system of collaborative intelligent transportation system, and compiled the standard of V2X technology evolution, including the introduction of 5G and the requirements and technologies in the development of autonomous driving. Shi Yong revealed that the second phase standard is expected to be released as soon as this year.
In addition, vehicle-road coordination requires a powerful transmission rate of 5G and intelligent transformation of road infrastructure. However, under the beautiful vision, 5G has not really landed, and there is a lack of common standards for vehicle-road coordination. Another embarrassing problem is the loading rate. "Without a certain loading rate, with the support of smart roads, although the safety application for bicycles can work, many applications that are biased towards traffic efficiency will not work." Shi Yong said.
Compared with roadside reconstruction, Chinese Express said, "People often think that pavement reconstruction is the biggest problem. In fact, the road reconstruction does not need to move the road surface, and the power supply can also be obtained directly from the telephone pole, so the power consumption of driving the sensing system is extremely low. Therefore, the hardware cost of the sensor module and the input of the computing system is reasonable and less difficult. "
At the same time, the person in charge said, "With the large-scale landing, these costs will drop. The most important thing is software and architecture development. Once the development is completed, copying is relatively easy. "
The secret of vehicle-road coordination lies in the coordinated development of vehicles and roads, realizing deep coupling and improving efficiency. Is the coordination between vehicles and roads really out of reach under multiple tests?
03? How far is the future under the blue sea?
After entering 2020, vehicle-road coordination has also been placed on a new round of expectations by the industry. Many people in the industry predict that vehicle-road coordination will break out this year. At the beginning of this year, Ran Bin predicted, "Now the coordinated automatic driving of vehicles and roads has ushered in the sunrise, and the sun will rise soon. This year will be a year of explosive growth in the coordinated autonomous driving of vehicles and roads. "
This view has also been recognized by some people in the industry. However, how long will it take for China to truly realize the coordination between vehicles and roads?
Yiou Automobile believes that by 2025, the coordination between vehicles and roads in China will usher in a major breakthrough. In the middle, not only the relevant laws and regulations need to be further improved, but also the support of 5G communication standards, including software and hardware equipment.
This prediction is well-founded. The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other1/national ministries and commissions jointly issued the "Smart Car Innovation and Development Strategy", which clearly stated that by 2025, China's standard smart car technology innovation, industrial ecology, infrastructure, laws and regulations, product supervision and network security systems will basically take shape.
"2025" is also a high-frequency time point in China's smart car policy. This means that a more perfect industrial blueprint for vehicle-road coordination is about to surface.
Watchmaker/Yiou Automobile Analyst? He Qi
"Starting from this year, the coordination between vehicles and roads is changing from' virtual' to' real'. In the past, most of them were tested and verified in closed test sites, and gradually moved from closed test sites to open roads and specific work areas. Now it is time to face the public and bring practical value. " In Shi Yong's view, vehicle-road coordination is likely to erupt this year.
Shi Yong divided its development into four stages-2065438+06 from the application perspective of vehicle-road coordination, which is the first stage of vehicle-road coordination development. The settled enterprises mainly carry out relevant tests and verifications in closed scenarios; From 20 17, the cooperation between vehicles and roads began to shift from the closed experimental area to the open road development stage. "From a closed area to an open road, it is a development process from point to line." Shi Yong said that from the second half of 20 19, it entered the third stage, and the vehicle-road coordination has developed to the pilot area. The Ministry of Communications has also made a pilot plan for high-speed, which is a development process from line to surface. The fourth stage is the full-scale outbreak of vehicle-road coordination. ?
Vehicle-road coordination is more like a contest between technology and rules in time. In addition to technology first, it also needs policy guarantee and guidance, so as to standardize the benign development of the vehicle-road cooperative market. From the technical and policy point of view, the coordination of vehicles and roads in China will usher in a new turning point in 2025.
In the view of Chinese Express, "vehicle-road coordination can be divided into exploration period, practice period and promotion period. Previously, due to the extremely difficult technology involved in vehicle-road coordination, most cases of vehicle-road coordination in the market were in the stage of theoretical research and exploration. With the continuous improvement of intelligent in-vehicle systems, intelligent roadside systems, communication platforms and many other technologies, especially the popularity of 5G, vehicle-road coordination has entered the practical stage. "
"In the highly developed environment of science and technology and intelligent industry, we believe that in the near future, smart city, Zhijie transportation and smart car industries will soon break out." The person in charge of the above Chinese express delivery said.
Based on the opinions of many interviewees, with the promotion of national policies, vehicle-road coordination will enter an explosive development period in the past two years. However, if the whole industry wants to usher in a substantive stage and truly realize the coordination of people, vehicles and roads, it also needs the integration of software technology and hardware equipment, as well as the improvement of relevant laws and regulations.
In June+10 last year, the C-V2X application test of "cross-chip module, cross-terminal, cross-vehicle and cross-security platform" was conducted for the first time in China. More than 20 Chinese and foreign vehicle manufacturers, such as FAW, SAIC, Dongfeng, BMW and Audi, and more than 30 chip module manufacturers, terminal equipment providers, security vendors and location service providers, such as Gao Xinxing, Huawei, ZTE, Datang, Guo Qi Zhilian and Xingyun Internet, participated. It can be seen that the coordinated development of the industry has reached a preliminary understanding in the industry.
For players, vehicle-road coordination is not only a "shuffle war" related to the depth of the industry, but also a "lasting cooperative war" to test mutual cooperation.
In order to realize fully automatic driving, vehicle-road coordination is undoubtedly an unavoidable proposition. In order to truly realize the coordination between vehicles and roads, we must first solve the pain points in the intelligent transformation of road conditions, technologies, standards and infrastructure. Only by unifying standards and connecting the overall situation can Intelligent Vehicle Infrastructure Cooperative Systems seek the optimal solution of industrial value.
Editor: Yang Yaru
This article comes from car home, the author of the car manufacturer, and does not represent car home's position.