"Twenty-three honeydew sticks, twenty-four house cleaning days, twenty-five grinding grains, twenty-six buying meat, twenty-seven killing chickens, twenty-eight kneading dough, twenty-nine steaming steamed buns, thirty night twists, and bowing their heads on New Year's Day"-

The annual Spring Festival is coming, and the annual Spring Festival is the most lively and popular festival for the people. On New Year's Eve, people who have been busy for a year are full of joy and rush to their warm harbor-home. At this time, the interior and exterior of the house have been newly decorated, and the whole family is sitting around and tasting the sumptuous New Year's Eve dinner, chatting about endless homeliness, showing a festive and peaceful holiday atmosphere.

According to the custom of old Beijing, people have to go through a very busy preparation period before the arrival of this colorful New Year's Eve. A popular folk proverb reflects this busy and orderly process: "Twenty-three honeydew melons are sticky, twenty-four are cleaning houses, twenty-five are grinding grain, twenty-six are buying meat, twenty-seven are killing chickens, twenty-eight are making noodles, twenty-nine are steaming steamed buns, thirty are twisted at night, and on New Year's Day, they are handed over to the memorial archway."

In the past, social material supply was scarce and people's spiritual life was monotonous, so adults and children were looking forward to the New Year.

The preparations for the Chinese New Year generally begin on the 23rd of the twelfth lunar month, which is considered as a small year. On this day, adults will buy candy for their children, but not ordinary candy, but sticky candy like pumpkin and round honeydew melon.

Clean the room, especially the corners that can't be cleaned at ordinary times, and at the same time, be sure to dismantle and wash the bedding, sheets and curtains.

In the countryside, people should peel the rice stored at home and grind the wheat grains into flour; People in the city want to buy food just to prepare enough food for the Chinese New Year.

Go and buy more meat on the 26th, and it will be enough for the whole New Year. And after buying it back, the meat should be opened according to different uses. Some eating methods are complicated and need to be done in advance. On this day, preparations also began. At that time, there was no refrigerator, so I wrapped the meat and put it in the yard where the cat couldn't find it, and kept it by the temperature of nature.

Twenty-seven to kill chickens. Before, there were no large chicken farms and slaughter processing plants like this, and there were no clean whole chickens and divided chickens for sale. Therefore, people buy live chickens, slaughter them on the spot, bring them back and clean them before cooking.

Twenty-eight handfuls of dough are prepared for the staple food. At that time, there was no convenient and quick starter used now, and there was a lot of flour to be made, so we had to prepare enough in advance. During the New Year in China, it is good for family members to get together, and many relatives and friends come. There will be many people. I am very busy at home. I usually only cook when I eat, and I don't cook many staple foods.

No.29 mainly cooks these staple foods. We already made noodles the day before, so just do it directly. The staple food is steamed bread, and some rolls and bean bags are steamed. Some skilled housewives will do some new tricks, such as red-eyed rabbits, cute hedgehogs, naive bears and so on. As can be seen from the types of staple foods, housewives are smart and hardworking.

Twist it on the evening of the 30th, and this day is the long-awaited New Year's Eve. In the evening, people put on holiday costumes, taste wine and delicacies, and celebrate the arrival of the New Year in the happiest way they think. "Twist" is used here to describe people's happiness.

On the first day of New Year's Day, people call the Spring Festival New Year's Eve, and "handing over" is a description of New Year greetings. On the first morning, not only the family members pay New Year greetings to each other, but also the neighbors, especially the younger generation should take the initiative to pay New Year greetings to their elders.

As can be seen from the above process, the whole preparation period is full of a strong Chinese New Year atmosphere and full of joy. Nowadays, people's living standards have changed greatly, and every day is like Chinese New Year. With the development of the times, people's awareness has been continuously improved, their pursuit has changed, and the way of celebrating the New Year is also being refurbished. But people's good wishes for reunion and celebrating the New Year will not change.

B. Idioms and common sayings about mice

Idioms about mice:

First, the urban fox community rats

Interpretation: She: refers to the land god and its temples in ancient times. Fox leaning against the wall; The mouse depends on the earth temple. Metaphor is a villain who does evil in a high position.

Source: Biography of Xie Kun in the Book of Jin: "Yes, it says,' Honesty is the beginning of disaster, and the city fox society is also a rat. ""It means that the initial disaster came from arrogant and evil little people.

Example: There are some rats in the urban fox society, which is of course inevitable.

Second, as timid as a mouse.

Interpretation: as timid as a mouse. Describe a timid person.

Source: Wei Shou's Biography of Shuwei Ruyin and Wang Tianci in the Northern Qi Dynasty: "Words are like tongues, and you are as bold as rats." It means talking like a hundred tongues and being as bold as a mouse.

Example: They often look fierce, but in fact they are as timid as mice.

Third, the official hamster

Interpretation: official warehouse: a place to put public grain. Metaphor means that the wicked have something to rely on.

Source: Don Cao Ye's "Official Hamster": "The official warehouse mouse is as big as a bucket, and it will not leave when people open the warehouse."

Ex.: They are all a group of official hamsters.

Fourth, the eyesight is like a mouse.

Interpretation: describe people's eyes.

Source: Lu Xun's Two Books to Xu Guangping 1 12: "Although his eyesight is like a mouse, I sometimes feel a little annoying."

Example: Who wants to be as blind as a mouse and just smell a little oil in front of his nose?

Five, stealing rats and dogs

Interpretation: Like a mouse stealing a small amount, like a dog stealing oil. Refers to petty theft.

Source: Shi Naian's "Water Margin" 75 th time: "Rats steal dogs and thieves, why worry about this." It means petty theft. There's nothing to worry about.

Example: These people who steal mice and dogs are very annoying.

Proverbs about mice:

First, the mouse in the bellows-really suffer indignities.

Second, the dog catches the mouse and the cat looks after the house-pervert.

Third, the mouse in the pot hall-flew.

Fourth, the mice in the monk temple-listen to books more.

Five, the mouse into the trap-not far from death.

C words, idioms, sayings, proverbs or two-part allegorical sayings about Lao, Da and Lao. The more, the better.

An old fox, likes the new and hates the old, makes a fuss, is overqualified,

The direct flash rain is small, and the horizontal flash rain is heavy.

The thunderstorm is small, but it is big.

Although it didn't rain hard, thunder rumbled on the zenith.

Thunder resounded through the sky and it rained heavily.

D. Idioms, proverbs and common sayings related to old things

Strive for strength

new word

Basic source explanation detailed explanation

[fèn fātúQiang]

Cheer up, work hard and seek prosperity.

tidy

Guo Moruo's Spring of Science: "May the middle-aged generation of scientists work hard, make the revolution work harder and bravely climb the world's scientific peak."

example sentence

I wish a new generation of scientific workers ~, bravely climb the world scientific peak.

E. Idioms and common sayings related to land

Although things are subtle, they can play a great role in accumulation.

Earth: Earth; Stream: a small river. Metaphor is a small matter. It also means that although things are subtle, they can play a huge role through accumulation.

"Biography of Historical Records and Lisi": "It is Mount Ether that can't tolerate dirt, so it can become big; Rivers and seas do not choose small streams, so they can be deep. "

The appearance is dusty and dirty.

Pronunciation "Hu" and "Mi 'an"

Explain the dusty expression on your face. It also describes an expression of regret or frustration.

Source Songshi Puji's "Five Lights Meeting Yuan" Volume 20: "The face is dusty, dragging the water, singing nine times and ten times, referring to the deer as a horse, which is both lonely and ruined."

Example: The yellow snake sent Pearl Krabs to prison, took out insurance, and walked home with a lame wolf and a thirst for disease. (The Awakening Marriage 14)

Resettlement (t incarnation)

Earth: local; Heavy: it's not easy to look at. Be content with one's homeland and don't want to move easily.

Semi-buried (Ben Gilroy T incarnation)

Section: paragraph. Half of the body is buried in the soil. Metaphor means that people don't live long.

Enemies will block you, and water will cover you (bΡ bīng láI Jiang d m:ng, shu ǐ lá i t ǔ y m: n).

Metaphor means that no matter what means the other party uses, there is always a corresponding coping style.

Inadaptability (t incarnation)

Can't adapt to the climate and eating habits of immigrants.

Fight for every inch of land (cê nt incarnation)

Even if it is a little land, we must compete with the enemy. Describe fighting the enemy without giving in.

Don't give up an inch of land.

There is not an inch of land.

An inch of land (Pei Chede)

Inch and ruler: there are few metaphors. Describe very little land.

Burning incense with clay (Xi)

Collect the soil in piles by hand. Refers to the superstitious people in the old days who collected soil in the wild instead of incense burners and burned incense to worship the gods.

Large building (t incarnation)

Xing: founded; Civil engineering: refers to building engineering. Building houses on a large scale.

Cracking the soil (incarnation of f ē n má o liè t)

Originally refers to the ceremony held by ancient emperors when they enfeoffed princes. Later known as the packet princes.

Dirt is not as good as dirt (fè n tú b ú rú)

Not as good as feces and dirt. Describing things is extremely worthless.

Local custom

The unique natural environment, customs, etiquette and habits of a place are the general names.

Root length (t ǔ zh ǔ ng)

A native local. Also refers to living for generations.

It is difficult to leave one's hometown (ancient t incarnation Nanli)

Hometown: birthplace, or the place where you once lived, here refers to hometown and motherland. It is difficult to leave the land in my hometown. Describe the infinite attachment to your hometown or motherland.

People all over the country (gu m: gu m: guǎng tǔ zhòng mín n)

The land is vast and the population is large.

Love for the earth (Hu Ai T incarnation)

Huai: Miss; Earth: homeland, hometown. I miss my hometown.

After heaven and earth (t incarnation)

Emperor heaven: called heaven in ancient times; Houtu: called land in ancient times. Refers to heaven and earth. I used to believe that heaven and earth could uphold justice and dominate everything.

Gray soil surface (Hu and Mian)

His face is covered with dust. It also describes an expression of regret or frustration.

Spending money like water (Hu Jīnút incarnation)

Bo: It's broken up. Spend money like water. Describe extreme extravagance and waste.

Accumulated soil is a mountain, and accumulated water is a sea (j and shu ǐ wé i sh ā n, j and shu ǐ wé i h m: i).

Build mountains by piling up soil, and build seas by storing water. Metaphor makes a mickle.

Make a comeback (ju m 4n tǔchóng lé)

A metaphor for regaining power after failure.

Exhaustion from the earth to the mountain (ⅴ zhā n)

Metaphor from small to large, many a mickle makes a mickle.

Embankment and blockade of the country (t incarnation)

Column: same as "crack"; Seal off the border: delimit the border. The emperor divided the land among the ministers.

Festuca Cherillat (Liye T ǔ fen Mao)

When the ancient princes enfeoffed, they granted the land wrapped in imperata to the sealed person, symbolizing the grant of land and power.

Maoqi Terrace (Maoqiu Yuji)

A thatched roof and mud steps. Describe a humble house or a frugal life.

Macaque riding a cow (t ǒ niwu)

Metaphor position promotion is very slow.

Looks like the earth (Mian Lu T incarnation)

His face is grayish white. Describe terror.

Putian leads the soil (pǔ Tianshuai tǔ)

Putian: the whole world; Rate of soil: refers to the four seas. China or the whole world.

The prosperity of the city

Describe the prosperity of the city.

Eating wool and practicing soil (shímáo Jiantǔ incarnation)

Hair: refers to the grain born on the ground; Cheap: Step on the gas. The original meaning is to eat food and live in land owned by the monarch. Feudal officials used it to express their gratitude to the monarch.

Regard it as dirt (Shilu T ǔ Jiye)

Mustard: grass. As light as dirt and grass. Metaphor is not in the eye.

It is our duty to defend our country.

This means that soldiers or local officials have the responsibility to defend the country.

There is a way to resist (Shulai tǔ Yang ǔ n)

When the flood comes, block it with soil. Metaphorically speaking, when the enemy attacks, he leads troops to resist.

Not acclimatized (comfortable)

Can't adapt to the climatic conditions or eating habits of a place.

Down-to-earth (t incarnation and incarnation)

Metaphor violated * * * powerful people.

Mount Tai does not allow soil (tà i sh ā n br à ngt ǔ r m: ng t ǔ r m: ng)

Mount Tai does not reject tiny earth and stone, so it can be so high. Metaphor is looking at people? Xin? Huang Huang? Neon contracture? /TD & gt；

Fall apart (t·tǔ· incarnation Bonger Vedjic)

Disintegration: When making tiles, the clay is first made into a cylinder and decomposed into four tiles, which is a metaphor for the division of things. Like falling apart, broken tiles, out of control. Metaphor is complete collapse.

Soil helps to form a wall (t incarnation Feng Qiang)

Metaphor people should help each other.

Local tyrants and evil gentry (t incarnation Hao Lixin)

Local tyrant: the strongman in the village is also the landlord who bullies others. Evil gentry: a bad person among local bullies or retired bureaucrats. In the old society, rich and powerful people were bullying in the countryside.

Wagou (t j and w m: qu m: n) born and raised in China

Chicken made of mud, dog made of tile. Metaphor is just an empty name.

Terraced cottage (t ? Jim Owa)

Muddy steps, thatched houses. Metaphor housing humble.

T Pei long Qiu gu

A dragon made of mud and a dog made of straw. Metaphor is not worthy of the name.

Civil remains (T incarnation Mosinhai)

Skull: refers to the human body. The body is like civil engineering. Metaphor is the true face of people, without modification.

Cattle-herding wooden horse (Pei Nim Mi)

Cows made of clay and horses made of wood. Metaphor has no practical significance.

A trickle (t ǔ r ǔ ng x ǔ Liu)

Earth: Earth; Stream: a small river. Metaphor is a small matter. It also means that although things are subtle, they can play a huge role through accumulation.

Born and raised (T ǔ Singh T ǔ Zhang ǔ Wu)

Locally grown.

Washetu landslide (southwest: t ǔ b ē ng, Hebei)

Like falling apart, broken tiles, out of control. Metaphor is complete collapse.

Rotting wood and feces (xiǔ· incarnation, Mofen T incarnation)

Dead wood: dead wood; Dirty: Dirty Grimer. Metaphor is difficult to cultivate people who are useless to society.

A scorched earth (y and pi à n Ji ā o t incarnation)

Describe the scene of a fire (or war) where all the houses were burned down.

A handful of loess (yīpóu Huáng t incarnation)

A handful: a handful. A handful of loess. Borrow from the grave. Nowadays, it is often compared to a small piece of land or a declining and insignificant reactionary force.

Fish rot and soil collapse (EULAN SPA01 T incarnation)

This is a metaphor for the internal turmoil in a country.

F regarding idioms, proverbs or allusions of "harmony", what are the new connotations of "harmony" in contemporary society?

First, the idiom "harmony":

1, peace * * *:

Meaning: refers to the peaceful settlement of disputes between countries and the development of economic and cultural ties between countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit.

Source: * * * "On Correctly Handling Contradictions among the People" XII: "For imperialist countries, we should also unite the people there, strive for peace with those countries, and do something to stop possible wars."

2. affable:

Meaning: kindness: kindness. Gentle attitude, easy to approach.

Source: Lao She's Four Generations under One Family II: If someone is willing to visit him, he is a top person.

3. Make money:

Meaning: Only by being kind to others can you make money and cherish it.

Source: Lu Xun's Wandering Divorce: "A person must always be kind,' harmony is precious', right?"

4, * * * economy:

Moral: We are of one mind and one mind, and we are in the same boat. Metaphor is to work together to overcome difficulties. Intention: heart. Ji: Crossing the sea.

Source: Guo Moruo's "Ten Years of Creation as a Student": When I saw the notice, I ran to the bookstore and said some kind words.

5. Sunny days:

Meaning: describes the sunny and warm weather (mostly used in spring).

Source: Fu "Six Chapters of a Floating Life" Volume 2: The weather is sunny, the land is golden, blue and red, and butterflies and bees fly around, making people drunk without drinking.

Second, the new connotation of "harmony" in contemporary society:

1, heaven and man are one. With the development of society and the progress of science and technology, human beings' ability to conquer nature is getting stronger and stronger. Although there has been development at the expense of destroying nature, the current mainstream thinking has returned to paying equal attention to protection and development, and paying more and more attention to the harmonious life between man and nature.

2. Harmony between human beings and others. People pay more and more attention to self-cultivation, achieve better personal development, and pay attention to the construction of interpersonal relationships with a scientific attitude, which is a manifestation of harmonious social life.

3. Harmony between man and society. At present, we are striving to build a harmonious relationship between man and society, and strive to achieve the unity of human value and social value on the basis of solving the problem of food and clothing. "Harmony" has entered people's daily life from a macro perspective, such as the construction and management of communities and villages.

G. idioms and common sayings related to rain

A common saying about rain

I wonder which cloud is raining.

Jump into the river in the rain

Come in the wind and rain-no matter how difficult it is, you must finish the task.

Empty promises will not be fulfilled and will not bring benefits to people.

Much talk and little rain ―― much talk and little action; Talk more and do less; make a futile effort

If there is no rain in January, people will never be poor.

It's going to rain, and your mother is determined to remarry-inevitably; It will definitely happen; inevitable

Be consistent with others

The house leaked rain, and it rained all night.

Borrow an umbrella in rainy days.

Big head, big head, don't worry about rain I have an umbrella and a big head.

One autumn rain and one cold, ten autumn rains put on cotton.

It is sunny when it rains in the morning, and it rains until dawn at night.

The rain hits the fifth watch and basks in the puddle.

The south wind is warm, the north wind is cold, the east wind is wet and the west wind is dry.

After a long rain and a cold wind, the weather will become sunny and reliable.

Clouds are flying all over the sky, and it keeps raining and snowing.

Dark clouds cover the sky, and heavy rain comes quickly.

It's sunny on rainy days, but it's not sunny on the top of the mountain.

When the magpie branches call, it will be sunny when you go out.

Mosquito bites are strange, and the weather will get worse.

Moss floated in the river until it rained heavily.

Earthworms crawl on the road, the rain is like hemp, the mole sings, and the weather is fine.

Worm corridor, signs of rain, toad croaking, heavy rain is coming.

Ring, the wind blows.

The old cow looked up and sniffed the sky. It was raining. The horse's mouth is facing the sky, and the heavy rain is ahead.

Proverbs about rain

The west wind is rainy and not sunny, and the east wind is rainy and not rainy (gold)

It's sunny and rainy in the west, but it's rainy and rainy in the west (Fujian)

There is no small wind when it rains, and no strong wind (sweet) when it is sunny and dry.

It's neither cold nor sunny in rainy days, nor hot in sunny days (Gansu)

Cocks crow when it rains, and dawn when it is not sunny (Hunan)

No night dew on rainy days (Ji)

No frost in the rain (Kyrgyzstan)

It rained heavily, but it cleared up after the rain stopped.

It's raining and windy, and the weather turns fine (Guangxi, Liaoning)

Rain is afraid of the sky, and insects are afraid of floating rain (expensive)

It's been raining for several days, and it's bound to be windy (Shanghai)

A long rain will lead to a long drought (Zhejiang)

Long rain is foggy and sunny, long rain is foggy and sunny (Guangxi)

If it rains for a long time, it will be sunny for a long time (nationwide)

Long rain and long sunny, long sunny and long rainy (Jiangxi, Fujian)

If it rains for a long time, it will clear up for a long time, and it will rain for a long time (Hunan)

If it rains for a long time, it will clear up for a long time, and it will rain for a long time (black Jiangxi).

After a heavy rain, the clouds cleared and it rained 1000 feet (Guangdong)

It will be sunny if it rains for a long time, and it will rain more happily tomorrow (Kyrgyzstan)

After the rain clears, the heavy rain will come (Shaanxi)

I haven't seen you for a few days after the rain (Guangxi)

After a golden rain comes a clear day, tomorrow (Guangxi)

The long rain is like a cloud, and it will come again after the rain (Hubei)

It has been raining for a long time, and it will light up in the west. If it rains, it won't last long (Hubei).

Looking at the northwest after the rain, it cleared up at dawn (Zhejiang)

After a heavy rain, the northwest sky is clear, and tomorrow (Hubei) will be sunny.

After a long rain, the north is bright and the sun is setting all over the sky (Shaanxi)

There is no sunny day after a long rain, and it will continue to rain in Guangdong in the future.

If the long rain stops in the evening, it must be sunny (Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang)

It will clear up tomorrow (Anhui) after a heavy rain.

It was a long rainy night, but the weather was good (no) (Hunan, Shaanxi)

Long rainy nights and sunny days, don't wait for joy (Shaanxi)

There is no sunny day after a long rainy night, and it will rain tomorrow (Jiangxi)

In the Ming Dynasty (Hunan), rainy nights were long and sunny, with continuous rain.

After a long rainy night, it cleared up, but it was not even (Ning).

It is rainy during the day and sunny at night, but it is still rainy (rainy day)

After a long rainy night, it will rain tomorrow (Anhui)

After a heavy rain, it will be sunny tomorrow (Fujian)

It has been raining for a long time, and the sun is evil. It is expensive to start on a sunny day.

After a long rain, the clouds dispersed and rose, which is a sign of sunny day (hiding)

H. Idioms and common sayings about black and white

Idiom:

1. confusing black and white hán Xiáo háI báI means confusing and blurring boundaries. Deliberately reverse black and white and create confusion.

From The Biography of Yang Zhen by Ye Fan in the Southern Dynasties: "White is confused with black, and clear with turbidity."

From Lu Xun's "Two Theories on All Knots Pavilion: Re-discussion on the Lightness of Confucians": "The so-called' Lightness of Confucians' this year is not only a slogan, but also obscures the darkness of the literary world."

2, reverse black and white diān d m:o hēIBáI metaphor says that black is white and white is black. Metaphor distorts facts, confuses right and wrong, and refers to a deer as a horse.

Origin: Qu Yuan's Nine Chapters of Huai Sha in the Chu Ci of the Warring States Period: when it is turned white, it is considered black, and when it is up, it is thought to be down. "

3, black characters on a white background, Fě nBá iò hē i cover your face with powder and use black eyebrows. It means that women decorate their faces. Same as White and Black.

Source: "Warring States Policy Chu Ce III": "The daughter of Zheng Zhou, white and black, stood in Qulu without knowing it, thinking herself a god."

4, black numbers are white numbers, shhēI lùn báI is followed by comments, which wantonly denigrate others. The same as "counting black and discussing yellow".

Source: The second fold of the sea "Zhongshan Wolf": "It's not that I am clever, asking you to count black and ask for white. There are thousands of books in this bag, only one green felt. "

5. Black and white are inseparable. Hēi bái bù fēn means black and white. Metaphor does not distinguish between right and wrong, good and bad.

From "Han Chu Yuan Wang Chuan": "Today's sages are ignorant, black and white are difficult to distinguish, evil and different are mixed, and loyalty and righteousness go hand in hand."

6. Black and white word báizhǐh izi] is written in black on white paper, which means conclusive evidence in writing.

Source: Yuan Anonymous's "Seeing Money Slaves Buy Enemies and Creditors" is the second discount: "Don't talk nonsense, it is written in black and white. Those who repent will be fined 1,000 yuan for those who do not repent. "

Black and White was initiated by well-known media people in Southern Weekend, presented jointly by well-known domestic and foreign writers and individual grassroots authors, and produced by Guangzhou Black and White Culture Communication Co., Ltd.

The content covers non-fiction articles, interviews, cultural essays, avant-garde images, personal memory and family history writing. The topic keeps a distance from the hot spots that are too noisy, and has a soft spot for static and trend things. The number of words in the article is mostly 5000-20000 words, which is between the internet and books.

Black and White depicts the individual destiny of this era calmly, calmly and slowly, and salvages the deepest private memories.

The standing columns of Black and White include crossing, close-up, presence, light and shadow, recalling the past, mind and so on.

As the saying goes:

1, you can't see yourself when you see others being black.

2, one of the three major tragedies in life, white-haired people send black-haired people.

1. Words, idioms, sayings, proverbs or two-part allegorical sayings about Lao, Da and Lao. The more, the better.

An old fox, likes the new and hates the old, makes a fuss, is overqualified,

The direct flash rain is small, and the horizontal flash rain is heavy.

The thunderstorm is small, but it is big.

Although it didn't rain hard, thunder rumbled on the zenith.

Thunder resounded through the sky and it rained heavily.