"Xunwu Investigation" is a survey report on rural economy in Xunwu County, Jiangxi Province made by Mao Zedong in May 1930. At that time, the China * * * production party had established a revolutionary base area on the border between Jiangxi and Fujian. In order to understand the economic situation of rural areas and small cities in China, carry out the agrarian revolution and consolidate the rural revolutionary base areas, Mao Zedong proceeded from reality and conducted this survey by using the Marxist class analysis method.

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The Survey has five chapters. The first three chapters are the political division, traffic and business situation of Xunwu, and the last two chapters are land relations and agrarian revolution.

The survey described in detail the land and water transportation, commodity distribution and flow direction of Xunwu, as well as the situation of more than 20 industries.

With regard to land relations and class relations in rural areas, Mao Zedong pointed out that landlords, who account for a few percent of the county's population, occupy a large amount of land. Landlords are divided into large, medium and small landlords and "public landlords". Big landlords and middle peasants are the power centers of this county. Rich peasants are "semi-landlords" who lease part of their land and are exploited by usury. Landlords and rich peasants exploit farmers in the form of land rent and usury rent, which generally account for 50 ~ 60% of the harvest, and there are various forms of additional exploitation. Farmers often have no food to eat just after harvesting and paying rent. The exploitation of usury is more serious, which is the most vicious way for rich peasants and well-off small and medium-sized landlords to exploit poor peasants. Under the exploitation of land rent and usury, poor peasants often have to sell their children and women. In addition, farmers have to endure various forms of tax exploitation.

The Survey describes the land distribution during the Agrarian Revolution, which mainly adopts the method of average distribution according to population. It has also been noted that the slogans of "sharing land equally" and "completely exempting debts" put forward by poor peasants are also aimed at rich peasants. Mao Zedong said, only when the problem of rich peasants is clarified can we put forward a solution to the problem. In the agrarian revolution to eliminate the landlord class, the rich peasants should "draw more land to make up for less" and "draw fat to make up for thinness", otherwise the land needs of the middle peasants, especially the poor farm labourers, will not be met. In addition, the investigation also provided a certain basis for the formulation of China * * * Production Party's strategy to treat the commercial bourgeoisie and win over the urban poor in the early days of the Agrarian Revolution.