Good reading habits play an important role in forming reading ability, improving reading efficiency, establishing knowledge structure, forming moral sentiment, exercising will quality and cultivating psychological quality. In reality, the general situation is this:
1. The reading purpose is unknown. Students' reading can be roughly divided into three types: first, at the request of teachers and parents, students themselves have no internal motivation to read, but are tired of coping, mechanically and passively completing the tasks assigned by teachers or parents, and completing them in the form of homework through reading notes and reading experience; Second, the influence of classmates, many students don't like reading at first, but because of the influence or recommendation of classmates, they will try to read the same book, but they will be free according to their personal likes and dislikes; The third is self-demand. They need to accumulate knowledge, enrich their emotions, train their thinking and improve themselves through reading, but these students are a minority.
2. Too little reading time. Although the slogan of "reducing the burden" has been put forward, due to the tangible or intangible academic pressure from all sides, the academic burden has increased, and a lot of spare time is spent on completing homework or participating in various interest classes and remedial classes, and the time spent on reading is pitiful; Participate in sports activities, chat online or play games, which hardly occupy spare time.
3. Not interested in reading. First, influenced by the market economy, reading is to meet the needs of exams, and only reading counseling books related to exams. The reading field of vision is narrowed and it is impossible to think deeply; Second, I feel that words are not as intuitive as pictures and videos, nor as interactive as the Internet. Listening to sounds and looking at pictures is obviously much easier than reading words. Long-term understanding of information through audio and video will inevitably affect students' ability to understand and comprehend words, and hinder the development of their intellectual factors such as observation, thinking and imagination. Third, there is no reading atmosphere in the family, or the family is crowded, students have no room to study, or their parents have limited educational level, so they can't treat students' study and study correctly, or their parents are busy with their lives or only care about personal supervision.
4. Improper reading methods. Reading mainly focuses on leisure, paying attention to narrative plots in the form of quick browsing, ignoring beautiful language and cultural connotation of works, which restricts the habit of diligent thinking in reading; Without a thorough reading method, sometimes the effectiveness of reading is poor if one method runs through it.
5. Poor reading taste. Fashion, youth, internet, games, detective, romance, animation, martial arts and other books are books that students are interested in, but they are not interested in classics; Students are limited by the lack of knowledge, language and reading ability, which is far from the classic works of modern literature. However, teachers' guidance in this respect is not enough, and students are basically in a state of natural development.
In view of the fact that the causes of the above situation involve social environment, school environment, family environment and personal choice, we should take school education as the starting point and opportunity, and radiate it to the family environment and social environment by creating atmosphere, stimulating interest, giving it fishing, making plans, evaluating feedback, and standardizing guidance, and at the same time improve students' ideological understanding of reading, cultivate good reading habits, and improve reading awareness. Do a good job in the following aspects:
First, cultivate students' reading habits in school education, especially in Chinese teaching.
1. Create an environment and stimulate interest.
First of all, create a scholarly classroom. I mobilize students to temporarily store two books at home in the class, update them once a month, set up a class book corner, and appoint someone to manage the borrowing and sorting of books. The book corner is located in the corner of the class, so it is very convenient to borrow and return it at any time after class. At the same time, please write down the famous aphorisms related to reading and hang them on the classroom wall. This not only enriches the reading volume, but also creates a better reading environment.
Secondly, set up a special "reading class" every week to lead students into the library. While reading independently, students gradually recommend some classic poems, essays, short stories and simple classical Chinese stories to students. These articles have high appreciation value, which is quite beneficial to cultivating students' literary appreciation ability and meets the requirements of the new curriculum standard for extracurricular reading of junior one students. Then introduce the famous books recommended in the textbook to students, and at the same time turn long stories into short stories, summarize and refine the plot, and complete the teaching task in a relaxed state.
Thirdly, during the lunch break, the activities of "teachers and students read a book" and "group read a book" were carried out. Teachers and students can cross-recommend reading books, and then discuss and communicate in groups. The content of the article, the main characters, the theme of the work and the writing techniques can all be discussed, and the sparks of thought can be aroused through the collision of languages. Unconsciously, I increased my accumulation, broadened my horizons and exercised my critical thinking ability.
2. Teach it to fish and taste it successfully.
In classroom teaching, teachers should consciously teach students the methods of reading, and guide students to gain the happiness and successful experience of reading.
① Combination of reading aloud and silent reading.
The Chinese Curriculum Standard for Compulsory Education (20 1 1 Edition) emphasizes: "You can read correctly, fluently and emotionally in Mandarin. Develop the habit of silent reading, have a certain speed, and read general modern texts, not less than 500 words per minute. " It is further clarified in the teaching guidance of reading: "Reading teaching in all periods should attach importance to reading aloud and reading silently. The reading goal of each period requires' reading with emotion', which means that students should taste the language, experience the emotional attitude of the author and his works, learn to read in an appropriate tone and express their understanding of the emotional attitude of the author and his works. Read aloud to advocate nature and abandon the pretentious tone. " Teachers can choose poems, essays and other articles suitable for reading, and guide students to read repeatedly, from accurate pronunciation to accurate rhythm to reading experience. They can read alone, in groups, in groups, in groups, in boys, in girls and in classmates, to taste the feelings and connotations behind beautiful language. For articles with large amount of information and simple language, we can use silent reading to quickly perceive the main idea and obtain information, so as to grasp the main content of the article.
② Combination of intensive reading and skimming.
For the classic articles in the article, teachers naturally take great pains to create problem situations, choose the best starting point, inspire and guide, and prepare teaching materials for students. We often get a glimpse of the author's lofty humanistic quality, profound cultural background and superb writing skills from a good article. We won't spend so much time and thought on skimming the article. Mr. Ye Shengtao said: "If we just skim for the students themselves and don't give them any guidance, it is easy for students to misunderstand their ideas and think that skimming is just a casual reading, so forget about it. If you develop bad habits for such a long time, it won't do you much good to get rid of them all your life. " If we can extend from classic articles to other skimming articles after class, teachers can guide students to choose reliable versions of books, read the preface first, pay attention to reference books at the same time, and give some suggestions on the main problems, then students will benefit a lot.
③ Combination of appreciation and extensive reading.
The Chinese Curriculum Standard for Compulsory Education (20 1 1 version) says: "The total amount of extracurricular reading is not less than 2.6 million words, and two or three famous books are read every year. Recite 80 excellent poems (paragraphs). " If the interest in an article develops into an interest in a book, a writer and an era in text teaching, then teachers play an important role in cultivating students' good reading habits. For example, after teaching "From Herbal Garden to San Tan Yin Yue", guide students to read "Morning Flowers"; When teaching Buzuo, we can import the image of "Mei" from the plum blossom in "Behind the Mountain" (Li Qunyu), and then compare the similarities and differences between Lu You and He, and then supplement the belief that the fisherman of "Xiaomei in the Mountain Garden" (Lin Bu) is proud of snow and knows spring, and the jade building is willing to make Qiong Bao broken and happy.
3. Make a plan and stick to it.
The Chinese Curriculum Standard for Compulsory Education (20 1 1 Edition) says: "Learn to make your own reading plan and read all kinds of books widely", emphasizing that reading should be carried out in a planned way. However, the vast sea of books and the limited time for students can only choose to read some works purposefully and in a planned way. Curriculum standards and Chinese textbooks both recommend a part of the bibliography, as the lower limit, and the reading task of this part of the book should be completed every semester. At the same time, according to different personal circumstances, establish your own reading goals and plans, and constantly modify them. Russian writer Lev? Tolstoy put it well: "To have a life goal, a period goal, a stage goal, a year goal, a week goal, a day goal, an hour goal, a minute goal, you must sacrifice small goals for big goals." Seize all free time to study.
4. Evaluate feedback and standardize guidance
After the reading plan is established, it needs to be implemented step by step. At this time, you need to take reading notes every day. Reading notes are divided into notes, excerpts, outlines, reading notes (book reviews) and indexes. Annotations include eyebrow criticism, side criticism and general criticism, which are admiration, opposition, doubt and criticism of the author's thoughts and literature. Abstraction is a purposeful and focused abstraction according to needs, which puts forward different requirements for students of different levels. Excerpts from words and phrases with poor foundation, sentence imitation exercises, excerpts from good sentences, wonderful fragments, famous sayings, etc. By middle school students; Top students should indicate the source when extracting, and write about their feelings after reading, all of which have formed a good habit of "not moving pen and ink and not reading". It is easy to find based on the outline and the index. Reading style requires the ability to evaluate specific characters' actions, story lines, works' characteristics and a certain point of view, and can be written into a little paper. At the end of this semester, students will set up their own reading files, including the total number of readings, the total number of articles, and the regular and quantitative reading times every day, including the specific starting and ending time of reading, discovery, feeling, evaluation, confusion and so on. In this way, teachers can master their own reading progress only by looking at their own files and plans, thus forming a good habit of reading regularly and quantitatively.
In addition to the evaluation of the plan, it can also give students an opportunity to show their reading results in the form of activities. Such as: poetry recitation, textbook drama, story telling, reading tabloids, book introduction, debate, film dubbing, and organizing reading parties. On the one hand, it can stimulate students' interest and enthusiasm in reading, on the other hand, it can play a supervisory role, help teachers understand students' reading situation and test the effect of reading. And can standardize and guide students' reading direction at any time, so as to be positive, healthy and upward.
Second, guide students to read after class in family education and even social environment.
Family is another important territory for students to study, and a good reading atmosphere in the family will cultivate students' good reading and learning habits. To improve the family, school and society's understanding of reading, we should establish the concept of Chinese teaching, regard reading behavior as a lifelong beneficial activity, and expand our horizons to the broad fields of family life and social practice.
First, ensure reading time. According to the survey, in recent years, the time spent by middle school students in reading has been shortened by almost half compared with previous years, and the average time spent reading every day is only 30 minutes to 50 minutes. Time is not guaranteed, which directly leads to poor reading effect and narrow reading range. Suhomlinski, an educator in the former Soviet Union, once said, "The way to make students smarter is not to make up lessons or increase homework, but to read, read and reread." Therefore, parents are trained through class meetings and parent salons. In addition to school homework, parents must not rush to read more supplementary books or do more topics to improve their reading level, but should leave enough reading time for students to immerse themselves in the ocean of good books.
Secondly, create a reading atmosphere. Create a harmonious, peaceful, respectful and considerate reading atmosphere from both software and hardware, which makes students feel relaxed and happy, and is more focused when reading, which is conducive to students' study. In hardware, ensure that students have independent reading space, and don't talk loudly, play cards or drink when children are reading; Parents can order a newspaper or magazine suitable for their students, get a library card for their children, or let parents often take their children to bookstores; Parents should encourage their children to read healthy books, newspapers and magazines and refuse unhealthy books, newspapers and magazines to enter their homes. In order to avoid the bad influence of reading materials on children, parents must teach their children to look at problems critically and let them learn to question and analyze the source and content of information instead of passively and blindly accepting it. At the same time, the autocratic, rude and noisy family atmosphere can only make students feel depressed and depressed, but they can't calm down and study hard.
Thirdly, advocate parent-child reading. The best way for parents to encourage their children's reading behavior is practice. Good reading habits can promote students' reading behavior. Generally speaking, parents have a strong sense of learning, attach importance to their children's extracurricular reading, and give some guidance in methods. At the same time, more children from families who appropriately express their concerns and expectations have good reading habits. If parents and children * * * read a book, it will be a greater incentive for children and let them continue to benefit. Parent-child reading is the most common way of learning in family education. We hold parents' meetings to put forward reading requirements, carry out reading propaganda, change parents' ideas, raise parents' awareness of the importance of reading, guide parents and children to read together, exchange experiences with each other, and mobilize students' reading enthusiasm.
Finally, make good reading feedback. Design a reading record card of "making friends with good books" and ask parents to check and sign it; Through the display and evaluation of reading notes, encourage students to develop the good habit of taking notes frequently; Promote the combination of reading and writing and improve students' writing ability through essay competition; Especially through the design of reading tabloids, it not only stimulates students' interest in reading, but also widely guides students' interest. Carry out good book sharing activities, use class meeting time, children recommend their favorite books to everyone, and carry out good book sharing meetings and reading exchange meetings so that students and teachers can enjoy the feeling and experience of reading. In addition, we also stimulate students' interest and enthusiasm in reading by selecting activities such as "Little Top Scholar", "Advanced Individual" and "Advanced Family".
Psychology tells us that adolescence is an important turning point on the road of life, and middle school is a transitional period of physical and mental development from childish to mature. This period is the best time for middle school students to learn because of their quick thinking, good memory, strong thirst for knowledge and wide interests. Let schools, families and society join hands to create a good reading environment for our children, develop good reading habits, establish the concept of lifelong learning and lifelong reading, and hold up the sun of tomorrow!