The "5S" activity originated in Japan and was widely implemented in Japanese enterprises, which was equivalent to the civilized production activities carried out by enterprises in China. The object of "5S" activity is the "environment" of the site. Considering the overall situation of the production site environment, practical plans and measures are formulated to realize standardized management. The core and essence of "5S" activity is self-cultivation. Without the corresponding improvement of employees' self-cultivation, it is difficult to carry out and adhere to the "5S" activities.
Second, the content of "5S" activities
(a) finishing
The first step to improve the production site is to separate the needed people, things and things from the unwanted people, things and things, and then deal with the unwanted people, things and things. Its main point is to classify all kinds of articles actually placed and stagnant at the production site, and distinguish between those needed and those not needed at the site; Secondly, we must resolutely clean up unnecessary items on the site, such as used materials, redundant semi-finished products, chips, leftovers, garbage, waste products, redundant tools, scrapped equipment, workers' personal daily necessities, etc. The focus of this work is to resolutely clean up unnecessary things at the scene. The front and rear of each station or equipment in the workshop, the left and right of the passage, the up and down of the workshop, the inside and outside of the toolbox and the dead corner of the workshop should be thoroughly searched and cleaned to make the best use of everything. Resolutely doing this step is the beginning of establishing a good style of work. Some Japanese companies put forward the slogan: efficiency and safety begin with the end!
The main points of finishing activities are:
① Improve and increase the working area; (2) There is no sundries on the site, the streets are unobstructed, and the work efficiency is improved; (3) reduce collision opportunities, ensure safety and improve quality; (4) Put an end to management mistakes such as mixed loading and mixed loading; ⑤ It is beneficial to reduce inventory and save money; ③ Change work style and improve work mood.
The details of sorting are as follows: ① Do you want to see everything? Do you have to say that? (2) Distinguish between those that need immediate use, those that need temporary use and those that need long-term use; (3) Even if it is a necessity, it should be appropriate; Minimize the number of necessities: ④ In some places, unnecessary things, no matter how expensive, must be resolutely disposed of, and never be soft: ⑤ Non-necessities refer to things that are not needed in this place, but may be useful in other places, not "completely useless", and should be found in the right place. When the site space is not enough, don't consider adding more places first, but tidy up the existing site, and you will find it is still very spacious.
(2) rectification
Quantify and locate the people, things and things needed. After the completion of the previous step, scientifically and reasonably arrange and place the items that need to be left at the production site, obtain the required items as quickly as possible, and complete the operation under the most effective rules and regulations and the simplest process.
The main points of remediation activities are as follows: ① Articles should be placed in fixed places and areas, so as to be easy to find and prevent mistakes caused by mixing; (2) Articles should be placed in a scientific and reasonable place. For example, according to the frequency of use of articles, things that are often used should be placed nearby (such as the work area), and things that are occasionally used or infrequently used should be placed far away (such as concentrated in a certain place in the workshop); (3) Visualize the placement of items, so that the quantitative loaded items can be counted in a few days, and the areas where different items are placed are distinguished with different colors and marks.
Reasonable placement of articles in the production site is conducive to improving work efficiency and product quality and ensuring production safety. This work has developed into a special field management method-fixed location management (its content will be further introduced in the third section).
The detailed rectification rules are as follows: ① Reduce the search time to zero; ② Any abnormality (such as loss or damage) can be found immediately; (3) Other personnel can also understand the requirements and practices, that is, other personnel can quickly find items and put them back; Different people do it, and the result is the same (standardization).
(3) Cleaning
Clean the workplace, repair the equipment immediately if it is abnormal, and make it return to normal. Dust, oil, iron filings, garbage, etc. Will be produced in the production process of the production site, thus making the site dirty. Dirty scene will reduce the accuracy of equipment, cause frequent failures, affect product quality, and prevent safety accidents; Dirty scenes will affect people's working mood and make people unwilling to stay for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to remove those dirt through cleaning activities and create a bright and comfortable working environment.
The main points of cleaning activities are: (1) clean the articles used by yourself, such as equipment and tools, without relying on others and adding special cleaning agents; (2) Equipment cleaning, focusing on equipment maintenance. Cleaning equipment should be combined with point inspection of equipment, that is, point inspection and repair; Cleaning equipment should be lubricated at the same time, and cleaning is also maintenance; ③ Cleaning is also for improvement. When cleaning the ground, flying debris and oil-water leakage are found. It is necessary to find out the reasons and take measures to improve them.
The details of cleaning are as follows: ① It is best to allocate the area that everyone should be responsible for cleaning. When allocating areas, we must draw a clear line absolutely, and we can't leave areas where no one is responsible (that is, dead ends). (2) Employees who are unwilling to fulfill their duties seriously. Don't let him take on more important tasks. ③ Everything is clean and tidy, customers are moved and employees are comfortable. In a clean and bright environment, any abnormality, including a screw falling to the ground, can be found immediately. ⑤ Abnormal equipment can be found and solved during maintenance, and "there will be no strike during use".
(4) cleanliness
After sorting, rectifying and cleaning, it should be carefully maintained to keep the site in perfect and best condition. Cleaning is the persistence and deepening of the first three activities, thus eliminating the root causes of safety accidents. Create a good working environment and let employees work happily.
The main points of cleaning activities are as follows: (1) The workshop environment should not only be neat, but also clean and hygienic, so as to ensure the health of workers and improve their labor enthusiasm; (2) Not only articles should be clean, but also workers themselves should be clean, such as clean work clothes, neat instruments, timely haircut, shaving, manicure, bathing, etc. (3) Workers should not only be physically clean, but also be mentally "clean", be polite and respect others; (4) Protect the environment from pollution, further eliminate turbid air, dust, noise and pollution sources, and eliminate occupational diseases.
The specific rules of incorruptibility are as follows: ① The leadership's words and deeds and system supervision are very important; It takes ten times as long to correct a bad habit once.
(5) Self-cultivation
Self-cultivation is education. It is the core of "5S" activities to improve employees' self-cultivation and form the habit and style of strictly observing rules and regulations. Without the improvement of personnel quality, all activities can not be carried out smoothly and can not be adhered to. Therefore, to grasp the "5S" activities, we should always focus on improving people's quality.
The detailed rules of self-cultivation are: ① study, understand and try to abide by the rules and regulations, so as to make it a kind of self-cultivation that everyone should have; (2) The enthusiasm of leaders to help and the efforts of self-discipline by leaders are very important; ③ People need to have a higher spirit of cooperation, dedication and professional ethics; ④ Mutual trust and transparent management; ⑤ Be brave in introspection, think for others and serve others. In recent years, with the deepening of people's understanding of this activity, some people have added (safety) content called 6s.
Iii. Principles of "5S" activities
(A) the principle of self-management
A good working environment cannot be created only by adding equipment, nor can others be expected to create it. We should fully rely on the on-site personnel, who should create a neat, clean, convenient and safe working environment for themselves, so that they can transform their subjective world while transforming the objective world, create a sense of beauty, and cultivate the atmosphere and habits of obeying rules and disciplines and strict requirements required by modern mass production. Because it is the result of self-creation, it is easy to maintain and persist.
(2) The principle of running a factory with diligence and thrift
To carry out "5S" activities, a lot of useless things should be cleared up at the production site, some of which are just useless at the site, but can be used in other places; Although some of them are wastes, they should be used in the spirit of waste utilization and turning waste into treasure. If it needs to be scrapped, we should try our best to use it and recover its "residual value" according to the scrapping procedure. Never throw it away as a right to pull just to cope with temporary "happiness". The "black sheep" style of extravagance and waste, regardless of enterprise property, should be stopped in time, criticized and educated, and appropriate punishment should be given if the circumstances are serious.
(3) the principle of perseverance
The "5S" activity is relatively easy to carry out, and it can be vigorous and achieve obvious results in a short time, but it is not easy to persist, persevere and constantly optimize. Many enterprises are too tight, loose, collapsed and repeated. Therefore, it is very important to carry out "5S" activities. Enterprises should stick to this activity, first of all, put the "5S" activity into the post responsibility system, so that each department and personnel have clear post responsibilities and work standards; Secondly, strictly and conscientiously do a good job in inspection, appraisal and assessment, and link the assessment results with the economic interests of various departments and personnel; Third, stick to PDCA cycle and constantly improve the "5S" level on site, that is, constantly find and solve problems through inspection. Therefore, after inspection and evaluation, improvement plans and schemes must be put forward according to the existing problems, so that the "5S" activities can be carried out continuously. Fourth, the important role of 5S on-site management The significance of 5S on-site management to enterprises can be understood from the following aspects. (1) The workplace is clean and tidy. The enthusiasm of employees has improved, and there are more and more loyal customers. The popularity of the enterprise is constantly high, and many people come here to visit and study, which has expanded the popularity and sales of the enterprise. (2) Employees can have a strong sense of quality. Production according to requirements, use according to regulations, early detection of quality hazards and production of high-quality products o(3) can reduce inventory. The failure rate of the equipment is reduced, and the search time and waiting time of the workpiece are reduced. As a result, the cost is reduced, the efficiency is improved, and the processing cycle is shortened. (4) People correctly carry out what has been stipulated. You can work immediately in any position, which has effectively promoted the development of standardization work. (5) "Artificial environment, environmental education". Through the study and observance of sorting, rectifying, cleaning, cleaning and self-cultivation, employees will become a company with moral cultivation, and the environmental outlook of the whole company will also change. Five, 5S site management and the implementation of ISO900 1 quality standards are favorable weapons for manufacturing enterprises to participate in market competition. Yang O900 1 pays attention to the internal quality management of enterprises, and 5S pays attention to the external environment management of enterprises. Taking 5S as an auxiliary method to implement ISO900 1 can promote the implementation of ISO900 1 and improve product quality. It is a way worth popularizing. Therefore, the following steps can be taken. ① Determine the management organization. Any work that needs to be carried out extensively is hindered by the need for special personnel to organize it. Enterprises that implement ISO900 1 generally have an organization similar to IS0900 1 leading group, and it is more appropriate to give this organization the function of implementing 5S. ② Formulate incentive measures. Enterprises that implement ISO900 1 often have corresponding incentive measures, which can be included in the incentive content of 5S. ③ Formulate 5S guidance documents suitable for this enterprise. Only with clear written documents can employees know what they can and cannot do. The implementation of 5S requires the preparation of corresponding documents, which can be included in the third layer of ISO900 1 quality system documents. ④ Training and publicity. The training target is all employees, and the main contents are 5S basic knowledge and enterprise 5S guiding documents. This stage can be combined with the copywriting stage of implementing ISO900 1. ⑤ Fully implement 5S. Whether we can change the bad habits of each employee and establish a good 5S working atmosphere in the enterprise can be reflected at this stage, which can be combined with the operation stage of IS09000 quality system.