These words will be regarded as alarmism by mediocrity and wisdom by wise men.
Fan Zhongyan emphasized again? If you are poor, you will change, and if you change, you will pass. According to the principle of change, ten reform suggestions are put forward.
Of these ten opinions, four are aimed at the reform of the official personnel system. It can be said that the reform of official personnel system is the core of Qingli New Deal.
If there is a big problem in a society, in the final analysis, it is because there is a problem with people, or because there is a problem with officials at all levels who can influence the distribution and use of social resources, especially in China.
What will happen to officials at all levels? The problems are nothing more than these categories: First, complacency and lack of motivation. In this way, the whole society will develop slowly with the inertia with the mentality of conniving at the whole people until the inertia of social development gradually slows down, stops or even retrogrades.
Second, the political slogan of loyalty to the monarch and serving the country is empty, but the management ability is low. Therefore, the whole society is often in a state of disorder, and officials often wait for problems to appear before considering solving them, but often after solving a rather bad problem, they artificially create one or more new problems.
Third, the goal is too high, aiming high, blindly pursuing impossible goals beyond the actual situation of the country, resulting in the collapse of society in many aspects. Fourth, selfishness, corruption and greed eventually lead to boiling public grievances and unstable political power.
The problem of people is, in the final analysis, a problem of system. It is natural to have two good officials and two bad officials, but if the whole society is basically a good official or the whole society is a bad official, that is the reason of the system. Of course, the phenomenon that the whole society is a bad official does not exist. People have this impression because there are so many officials who are complacent, incompetent, ambitious, corrupt and greedy.
How to reform the system?
First, establish a reasonable mechanism for the promotion and dismissal of officials. According to the current system, civil servants and military attaché s can be promoted to the next higher level if they have served for three years and five years, and their qualifications have almost become the only basis for the promotion of officials. Officials who make a difference are often regarded by colleagues as people who are seeking fame and reputation, jealously jealous and mediocre, but can be promoted as usual. In this regard, Fan Zhongyan has formulated a fair assessment, reward and punishment system. Officials with high political achievements and high public opinion can be promoted without limitation of years, while incompetent officials will not be promoted or even dismissed.
Second, suppress privileges. What privilege? Officials are given by the emperor at will, so that their children, relatives and friends can easily become officials, and even be cultivated into future pillars of the country. This is the right. For officials at different levels, the emperor sealed officials for their children at a specific time and in accordance with the prescribed quota. This is an ancient shadow compensation system, also known as? The grace of Ren Zi? This is a privilege. However, the phenomenon that emperors abused rewards and officials asked for rewards for themselves and their children at will has become more and more serious since Zhenzong closed its doors to Zen. Some of them directly get library posts for their children like logging in Longmen, and some even get important positions in the country. At that time, Wang Bowen tearfully obtained Injong's appointment with the Privy Council.
Fan Zhongyan calculated an account: a bachelor who has served for 20 years can produce more than 20 officials at home without taking exams, and all of them are Beijing officials, that is, officials with central office positions. This is the problem of redundant staff that has been removed in the Song Dynasty. So many officials actually don't have so many work arrangements. then what Most of them stay at home for idle meals, and some people are waiting for empty seats. For a good position, there are dozens of immortal on standby.
Fan Zhongyan put forward strict measures to limit compensation, clearly stipulating that the two governments and provincial officials should not seek compensation for their children. The appointment of the treasury post must be jointly recommended by prestigious people, and also recommended by the officials of the two systems to Injong in person.
Third, the election of local governors. According to the current practice of seniority, it is natural that someone can serve as the chief officer in the national military prison, and the result of this indifference is naturally that people in many places suffer. Fan Zhongyan formulated the election system for local governors. Ministers of the two governments can recommend 10 transfer ambassadors and 10 prisoners in charge of justice and 10 Dazhou judges. Officials of the two systems recommended 10 well-known members; Three deputy envoys and three judges, Yushitai, Kaifeng Prefecture, various transfer ambassadors and some supervisors recommended five well-known people respectively; By various traffic ambassadors, some prisoners, judges, and judges, several magistrates were selected and recommended. After recommendation, according to the number of referees, decide how to use referees.
The essence of this local chief executive election system, which was implemented more than 900 years ago, is limited democratic election, and it still shines with democracy and science today.
The last personnel system reform is to improve the public land system. Public land is the land property allocated by the state to officials, an important source of their salary income, and an important means of maintaining honesty through salary. At present, the problem is uneven commons, and some officials take the opportunity to occupy private land. Fan Zhongyan proposed to grant the commons again.
Generally speaking, useful things are easy to get, but hard to lose. Apart from all public areas, Fan Zhongyan's other three measures have harmed the interests of all civil servants from Liu Pin who are above the level of foreign minister and the corresponding military attache. According to the original rules, these two types of civil and military officials can invite one person to make up for their kindness at least every three years, and officials with higher ranks will naturally be more preferential.
For example, every three years, for various national gifts, the slaughter officer can supplement the local clan, relatives with different surnames or even a doctor; Emperor's birthday, Hanlin bachelor's degree, officials with more than five grades in two provinces below Zhongshumen, and officials with more than four grades in Shangshu Province can apply for Jinshi origin for a child; When an official dies or becomes an official, he can ask for compensation from Yin, and the traitor can make up for three people.
Although Fan Zhongyan only wanted to reduce the number and frequency of shadow compensation on a more standardized and strict basis, he did not fundamentally deny this system, but only violated the actual interests of many people. Fan Zhongyan can give up or cut the interests of these individuals for the sake of national interests. Before his death in the fourth year (1052), none of the inheritance submitted to Injong was for personal gain. But can other officials do it? Fan Zhongyan made them lose huge benefits. Are they sad or happy, love or hate?